복합적인 레지스트 패턴 붕괴현장의 역학적 해석

이형주,박준택,안일신,김옥근,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-

패턴의 선폭이 100nm이하로 작아짐에 따라 패턴이 부러지고, 휘고, 떨어져 나가는 현상이 발생하는데 이러한 현상을 패턴 붕괴 현상이라고 하며, 반도체 생산과 수율에 많은 영향을 미친다. 패턴 붕괴 현상은 리소그래피 과정 중 현상 후 세척액을 건조하는 과정에서 주로 발생하며 세척액의 표면장력에 의한 모세관 현상이 주된 원인으로 알려져 있다. 패턴 붕괴 현상을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 패턴이 세척액에 의해서 균일한 압력을 받을 때와 집중 압력을 받을 때의 역학적 모델을 세우기 각각의 모델을 통하여 선폭과 패턴간의 거리에 따른 임계 높이/선폭비 (aspect ratio) 를 계산하여 실제 실험 결과와 일치하는 모델을 선정하였다. 또한 패턴 내부에 생기는 stress 에 의한 부러짐 현상과 패턴 과 레지스트 패턴 하부 층 사이의 접착력 부족으로 발생하는 떨어짐 현상을 해석하였다. High aspect ratio resist patterns with dimensions below 100 nm often bend, break or tear. These phenomena are generically called "resist pattern collapse". Pattern collapse is a very serious problem in fine patterning of less than 100 nm critical dimension (CD), so that it decreases the yield. In order to mechanically analyze this phenomenon and create its simulator, two models have been made and compared. In this paper, various approaches with various analyses are made to understand pattern collapse. Also, the critical aspect ratio for 100 nm node, that determines whether pattern collapse happens or not, can be calculated with these approaches. Finally, tear type caused by insufficiency of adhesion strength between the substrate and the resist is analyzed with a point of view of the surface free energy.

하악지시상분할절단술에서 자가수혈의 이용시 혈액학적변화에 관한 연구

김신헌,윤형기,박진혁,김우형,이희철,Park, Jin-Bae 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : s we has known risk of acquired immunodeficiency disease due to trans-fusion, we recognize the importance of autologous blood transfusion. Since 1990, the use of autologous blood transfusion was increased in Korea. The use of autologous blood transfusion in orthognathic surgery is common. The purpose of this research is to determine, in patients undergoing sagittal split ramus osteotomy, clinical predictive cri??eria for preoperative autologous blood donation and to propose guidelines to increase the efficiency of it. Methods and Material : This article reviewed one hundred two patient who had received bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with autologous blood donation in oral and maxillofacial surgery, Paik hospital, Pusan, from January 1995 to December 1999. Hemoglobin & hematocrit change was evaluated pre- and postoperatively, and erythropoiesis, relationship between procedure time and blood loss was evaluated. Results : 1. Mean age of male patient was 23.1 years and that of female patient 22.5 years. Mean body weight was 73.7㎏ in male and 49.4㎏ in female. 2. Preoperative autologous blood donation unit was mean 1.9 unit(1unit=320㎖), and transfused unit was mean 1.3 unit. 3. Three of 102 patients had positive reaction for hapatitis B virus, but no complication were occurred. 4. The interval from initial donation of autologous blood to surgery was 19 days, and from last donation to surgery was 11 days. 5. Mean hemoglobin levels in predonation period were 15.1 g/㎗ in male and 12.7g/㎗ in female. Hemoglobin and hamatocrit levels decreased by 1.0g/㎗ and 3.2% in male and 1.1g/㎗ and 3.3% in female, respectively, after collection of 1 unit of autologous blood, and decreased by 1.8 g/㎗ and 6.4% in male and 1.9 g/㎗ and 6.9% in female after collection of 2 units. 6. Preoperative erythropoiesis from first donation to surgery showed no statistically significant difference between male and female patients. 7. Estimated blood volume(EBV) ranged from 4,100㎖ to 5,800㎖ in male and from 2,600㎖ to 3,600㎖ in female. Mean estimated blood loss(EBL) was 640㎖, and up to 32% of EBV. 8. All 25 patients with more than 20% loss of EBV were trnasfused intraoperatively, and 18 of 24 patient with 16-20% loss, 16 of 30 patient with l1~15% loss, 7 of 20 patient with less than 10% loss were transfused. Transfusion requirement was increased parallel to EBV. Conclusion : It seems that the proper unit of autologous blood donation is 1.3 unit, and autologous blood transfusion is a safe method in elective surgery that predicted large blood loss. In the future, if transfused blood was controlled based on hypotensive anesthesia, preoperative hemoglobin and hemotocrit level, the proper level of autologous blood transfusion will be accomplished.

개에서 발생한 신우신염 증례

유건우,이선희,임수정,박형진,김태신,송은식,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2009 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A 6 years old Schunauzer dog (7.2kg, intact female) with history of hematuria for two days was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. Complete blood cell count showed no significant abnormalities and serum chemistry profile showed increased phosphate profile. On urinanalysis, there was evidence of bacterial infection. On ultrasonographic evaluation, irregular renal contour and increased echogenecity, pelvic and uretral dilation, and thickening of urinary bladder wall were observed. Based on these finding, the dog was diagnosed as pyelonephritis. The dog was treated with antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results, then successfully resolved after 8 weeks of treatment.

개 원발성 면역매개성 혈소판 감소증 증례

유찬,임수정,이선희,박형진,김태신,송은식,김덕환,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2009 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A 13-year-old, castrated male, Maltese-dog was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with the history fo petechiae. On physical examination, she had petechiae and ecchymoses at her back, bilateral inguinal region, and inner part of ear pinna. CBC indicated neutrophilia and severe thrombocytopenia. A few platelets, no autoagglutination of RBC, and no spherocyte were observed. Coagulation profile demonstrated normal PT, and aPTT. No significant findings was not found on serum biochemical profile and electolytes test. FNA of a splenic mass which was found on the abdominal radiograph and sonograph demonstrated extramedullary hematopoiesis, Proteinuria was observed on urinarysis. Primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was diagnosed by ruling out of other underlying disease, severe thrombocytopenia, and response to immunosuppressive therapy. Prednisone and antibiotics were administered orally and parenterally, respectively. After altering prednisone to azathioprine, the number of platelets was recovered to normal range and petechiae and ecchymoses were improved.

갑상선기능저하증 이환견에 대한 치료 증례

김혜원,이선희,임수정,박형진,김태신,송은식,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2009 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A 10-year-old, male, poodle dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University because of continuous cough and cardiomegaly. Weight gain, lethargy, unwillingness to exercise and decreased activity was revealed on history. Obesty and alopecia was also observed on physical examination. Hypercholesterolemia and increased ALP was revealed on blood exam. So, evaluation of thyroid gland function was performed and cTSH concentration was increased. tT4 and fT4 concentrations was decreased. Results of a history, physical examination, blood exam, and thyroid gland fuction test support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Initial therapy with sodium levothyroxine was indicated. On 32 days after treatment of hypothyroidism, clinical signs was relieved and cTSH concentration was decreased, tT4 and fT4 concenctrations was increased.

Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Scaffold Sleeves With Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhancement of Tendon-to-Bone Healing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Soft-Tissue Tendon Graft

Park, Sin Hyung,Choi, Yeong-Jin,Moon, Sang Won,Lee, Byung Hoon,Shim, Jin-Hyung,Cho, Dong-Woo,Wang, Joon Ho Elsevier 2018 Arthroscopy Vol.34 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To investigate the efficacy of the insertion of 3-dimensional (3D) bio-printed scaffold sleeves seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance osteointegration between the tendon and tunnel bone in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a rabbit model.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Scaffold sleeves were fabricated by 3D bio-printing. Before ACL reconstruction, MSCs were seeded into the scaffold sleeves. ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon was performed on both legs of 15 adult rabbits (aged 12 weeks). We implanted 15 bone tunnels with scaffold sleeves with MSCs and implanted another 15 bone tunnels with scaffold sleeves without MSCs before passing the graft. The specimens were harvested at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, and micro–computed tomography of the tunnel cross-sectional area were evaluated. Histologic assessment was conducted with a histologic scoring system.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In the histologic assessment, a smooth bone-to-tendon transition through broad fibrocartilage formation was identified in the treatment group, and the interface zone showed abundant type II collagen production on immunohistochemical staining. Bone-tendon healing histologic scores were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group at all time points. Micro–computed tomography at 12 weeks showed smaller tibial (control, 9.4 ± 0.9 mm<SUP>2</SUP>; treatment, 5.8 ± 2.9 mm<SUP>2</SUP>; <I>P</I> = .044) and femoral (control, 9.6 ± 2.9 mm<SUP>2</SUP>; treatment, 6.0 ± 1.0 mm<SUP>2</SUP>; <I>P</I> = .03) bone-tunnel areas in the treated group than in the control group.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The 3D bio-printed scaffold sleeve with MSCs exhibited excellent results in osteointegration enhancement between the tendon and tunnel bone in ACL reconstruction in a rabbit model.</P> <P><B>Clinical Relevance</B></P> <P>If secure biological healing between the tendon graft and tunnel bone can be induced in the early postoperative period, earlier, more successful rehabilitation may be facilitated. Three-dimensional bio-printed scaffold sleeves with MSCs have the potential to accelerate bone-tendon healing in ACL reconstruction.</P>

Adaptive Parameter for Enhanced Indoor Positioning in WLAN RSSI log model

Sin-Woo Park,Rak-Hee Lee,Hyun-Hun Cho,Chang-Beom Lim,Jin-Hyung Park,Joon-Goo Park 대한전자공학회 2010 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

The LBS(Location Based Service) is becoming important part of IT(Information Technology) business. The LBS is based on a position of each device user. So, it is needed to a proper acquisition of accurate user’s position in the indoor. So, many researches are ongoing to get a high positioning accuracy. This paper considers indoor positioning under WLAN environment by using RSSI. The RSSI has characteristic, it is decreases by increasing distance. So, we propose an adaptive parameter of the RSSI log model to improve positioning accuracy. And we conduct positioning through the trilateration and analysis its results.

Early Surgical Treatment versus Conservative Treatment for Appendicitis in Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy

Hyung Hwan Kim(김형환),Sung Sil Park,Sin Hye Park,Dong Woon Lee,Hyoung Chul Park,Sung Chan Park,Chang Won Hong,Dae Kyung Sohn,Kyung Su Han,Hee Jin Chang,Jae Hwan Oh 대한외과학회 2021 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.5

Incidences of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism after Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Mechanical Compression Device with and without Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin

( Sin Hyung Park ),( Joong Hyeon Ahn ),( Yong Bok Park ),( Sun Geun Lee ),( Soo Jae Yim ) 대한슬관절학회 2016 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of thromboembolic events and complications related to bleeding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a mechanical compression device alone or in combination with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Materials and Methods: A total of 489 TKA patients (776 knees) were retrospectively reviewed for the incidence of thromboembolic events and complications related to bleeding. While 233 patients (354 knees) were treated with a mechanical compressive device without LMWH, 256 patients (422 knees) were treated with the mechanical compressive device along with LMWH. Results: The incidences of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) were 15 of 375 knees (4.0%) and 5 of 375 knees (1.3%), respectively, in the group that used only a mechanical compressive device, and 14 of 401 knees (3.4%) and 5 of 401 knees (1.2%), respectively, in the group that used the mechanical compressive device with LMWH. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.125 and p=0.146, respectively). The postoperative hemovac drainage amount was 635±57 mL in the group with a mechanical compressive device only and 813±84 mL in the group with the device and LMWH; therefore, the amount of drainage was significantly greater in the latter group (p=0.013). Conclusions: Mechanical compression alone for prophylaxis against DVT and PE after TKA can be an attractive option in Korean patients.

Slide Session : OS-END-31 ; Endocrinology : Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Strong Genetic Pre-dictors of Antithyroid Drugs Induced Agranulocytosis

( Sin Gi Park ),( Jong Bhak ),( Jong Soo Kim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Jee Hyun An ),( Sang Youl Rhee ),( Hee Kyung Kim ),( Min Joo Kim ),( Hyun Jeong Jeon ),( Taekeun Oh ),( Hyung Jin Choi ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Agranulocytosis is a rare but life-threatening side effect of antithyroid drugs. Several reports, including familial cases, suggested that there could be substantial genetic susceptibility determinants which could predict the risk of antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis. However, no tests are currently available to predict the risk of antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis. Methods: In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to comprehensively identify the genetic variations responsible for antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis. For discovery stage 1, whole-exome sequencing was performed for seven antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis cases. Variant based approach and gene based approach were performed to discover candidate variants or genes for antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis. For HLA loci, HLA-sequence-based typing was performed. For validation stage 2, Sanger sequencing and HLA-sequence-based typing were performed for eight additional independent antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis cases. Antithyroid drug users without agranulocytosis side effect, Korean local healthy controls and public HLA database were used as control group. Results: Discovery stage genome-wide association study results revealed strong signals in chromosome 6 (P=2.7×10-8) and chromosome 19 (P=1.7×10-14). HLA typing of seven discovery cases and eight validation cases revealed several HLA types, which showed strong association with antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis (odds ratio=4.6-6.3, P=3×10-3-5×10-5). Gene based approach indicated several candidate genes for antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis. In these genes, several loss of function variants were found, which were common among antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis cases, but these variants were very rare among controls (P=2.0×10-3-1.8×10-4). Conclusions: In conclusion, several strong genetic predictors of antithyroid drug induced agranulocytosis were discovered. To avoid the risk of life-threatening agranulocytosis side effect, these pharmacogenomics markers could be tested in clinic before initiation of antithyroid drugs.