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철학의 장(場)으로서 장르 판타지의 가치 - 이영도의 『드래곤 라자』, 『퓨처 워커』를 중심으로
이영서 대중서사학회 2024 대중서사연구 Vol.30 No.2
본고의 목적은 이영도의 작품을 분석함으로써 장르 판타지의 연구적 가치를 입증하는 것이다. 웹소설 시장의 약진으로 장르문학에 대한 담론이 어느 때보다 활성화되고 있음에도 아직 학계의 관심은 크지 않은 편인데, 이는 보수적인 관점에서 장르 판타지의 특수한 형식·구조와 그것으로부터 창출되는 고유한 연구적 가치가 충분히 규명되지 않았기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이러한 문제의식에 따라 본고에서는 문학 연구에서 가장 전통적이라고 할 수 있는 서사이론과 철학 담론을 활용하여 ‘철학의 장(場)’으로서 장르 판타지의 가치를 입증하고자 했다. 먼저 『드래곤 라자』의 경우, 가상의 세계관을 통해 종족・지리・도구뿐 아니라 신화・역사・언어 등 새로운 문화를 창조함으로써 장르 판타지에서 배경이 가지는 특수한 위상과 역할을 잘 보여준다. 특히 ‘유피넬-헬카네스의 인식론’은 포스트구조주의의 코스모스-카오스의 존재론과 연결되어 독자들의 철학적 사유를 자극한다. 『퓨처 워커』는 이러한 철학적 배경 속에서 ‘고정된 현재’라는 미증유의 사건을 만들어냄으로써 문제의식을 심화한다. 현재가 고정되면서 나타나는 유령의 현존・도래할 것의 중지와 같은 사건들은 데리다의 시간관을 상징적으로 반영하고 있는데, 이로 말미암아 『퓨처 워커』의 세계는 현실 규범뿐 아니라 서사 규범마저 뛰어넘는 철학적 사고실험장으로 기능한다. 그리고 이러한 철학적 배경과 사건 속에서 수행되는 다양한 인물들의 선택과 갈등은 철학적 사고실험을 서사화 하는 좋은 예시가 된다. 이렇듯 이영도 문학은 장르 판타지로서 현실 규범과 서사 규범 양자로부터 자유롭다는 장점을 십분 활용하여, 흥미롭고도 직관적인 방식으로 독자들에게 근원적인 철학적 질문을 던진다. 바로 이 지점에서 장르 판타지는 순수문학보다도 철학에 대해 더 넓은 개방성을 가지고 있으며, 앞으로는 이러한 가치를 인정받아 장르 판타지와 이영도 문학에 대한 연구가 더욱 활발해질 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this paper is to prove the literary and research value of the genre of fantasy, by analyzing two of Lee Young-do’s novels. Although discourse on genres like fantasy is more active than ever due to the rapid development of the web-novel market, interest has not yet sparked in academia, because the unique form and structure of genres and its inherent research value have not been sufficiently clarified from a conservative point of view. While taking this issue into consideration, this paper attempts to prove the value of fantasy as ‘a Field of philosophy’ by using narrative theory and philosophical discourse, which are the most traditional in literary study. First of all, in the case of Dragon-Raja, the novel shows the unique status and role of the setting in fantasy which implies the creation of new cultures such as myths, history, and language, as well as race, geography, and tools, in a virtual world. In particular, ‘Eupinel-Helkanes’ epistemology’ is linked to Cosmos-Khaos’ ontology of post-structuralism and stimulates readers’ philosophical thinking. Future-Walker further allows to delve into the issue at hand. In this novel, the author creates an unprecedented event called ‘fixed present’ in this philosophical setting. Events such as the presence of a ghost and the stop of to-come, that appear as the present is symbolically fixed, reflect Derrida’s view on time. As a result, the world of Future-Walker functions as a field of philosophical thought experiment that goes beyond not only reality-code but also narrative-code. In addition, the choices and conflicts of various characters carried out in these philosophical settings and events serve as a good example of how to turn philosophical thought experiments into narrative. As such, Lee Young-do’s works, being categorized as fantasy novels, take full advantage of being free from both reality-code and narrative-code, asking readers fundamental philosophical questions in an interesting and intuitive way. At this point, the genre of fantasy has a wider openness to philosophy than ‘pure literature’, and from now on, this value is expected to be recognized, and research on fantasy novels and Lee Young-do’s works is expected to become more active.
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이영,안찬순 영남중국어문학회 2019 중국어문학 Vol.0 No.82
Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are the main ideas of ancient Chinese society. They have a great influence on ancient Chinese intellectuals. There have been many famous literary works that are compatible with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Chinese drama has a long history and rich content. It can be divided into ornamental drama and ceremonial drama. The performance venue of ceremonial drama is located in the countryside. The participating groups are all farmers and are true vulgar literature. Taking an ancient folk ritual drama from the south of Shanxi province as the object of investigation, this paper has collected and collated 50 kinds of precious folk scripts, the oldest of which is 235 years old. Analyzing the Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist thoughts in the script, we can find that these thoughts are more clearly presented in the subject matter, plot setting, drama language and character setting. Confucianism is mainly manifested in Script lines and characters. The script has shaped the image of many wise kings, loyal ministers, faithful wife,and filial sons. A large number of Taoist terms and characters are used in the plays. In terms of characters and plots, Taoist thoughts are also vividly reflected. Buddhist thoughts are more reflected in karma and reincarnation in the folk script. They show that the general public uses religion to comfort the soul, try to endure the suffering of the world, and do more good deeds in exchange for happiness in the afterlife. By comparing with ornamental drama, we can find that the Taoist drama works created by intellectuals emphasize different ideological tendencies of preaching, seclusion, and expressing life as a dream. The Taoist thoughts in the folk script are more peculiar to fairy spells, and the Taoist characters have extensive divination and good fortune, forecasting the future. It shows the tendency of the people to pay more attention to practicality. Whether it is the literary creation of The Exhortation of Goodness or the folk script The White Pelican Open Road, it shows the tendency of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism to coexist, infiltrate, and merge with each other. It proves that the basic ideological pattern of the ancient Chinese society is dominated by Confucianism, supplemented by Buddhism and Taoism, and the unity of the three religions.
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