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      • D. H. Lawrence 의 Self-awareness : release Lawrence from Lydia from Beardsall Lydia Beardsall로부터의 해방을 중심으로

        李宰雨 건국대학교 1988 學術誌 Vol.32 No.1

        This thesis is an attempt to research how Lawrence comes to awaken to his self-awareness. He'd written thirteen novels and numerous stories, poems, and critical and travel essays. Both in his work and in his restless travels, Lawrence seems to have fulfilled the promise of his mother's ambitions for him and made up for her drab years with his own exuberance and productivity. He was born in 1885 in the poor, coal-mining tollㆍn of Eastwood, on which the Bestwood of Sons and Lovers is modeled. Eastwood is near the industrial city of Nottingham in the central part of England known as the Midlands. This part of England is still rich in coal and is heavily industrialized. The relationship between Lawrence's parents, Lydia and Arthur, like that between Gertrude and Walter Morel, reveals the gulf separating the lower and middle classes. Sons and Lovers was one of the first British novels to deal explicitly with sexual matters. One of the first "Freudian" novels, it deals with the so-called Oedipus complex, or the sexual childhood attraction of a youngboy for his mother. In Sons and Lovers some readers find and abnormally passionate attachment between Mrs. Morel and her sons. Lawrence was familiar with Freud's theories, and they probably influenced his writing of Sons and Lovers. Since the novel's publication, many critics and psychologists have considered it a penetrating study of the sexual dynamics of son-mother love and the way this love might destroy the man who cannot transfer such feeling to a mate. Mrs. Morel is slowly, agonizingly dying of stomach cancer. Even though she's in great pain and drugged with morphine, she characteristically refuses to complain. In some ways, Mrs. Morel seems happier than ever. It's December, snowy and cold. Mrs. Morel wastes away to nothing but a pair of huge, intense eyes. Paul can't bear to see her like this: neither can his sister Annie. They want her to die. Mr, Morel slays aloof from the whole situation. He cannot deal with this overwhelming, final experience of death. It bewilders and frightens him. Finally Paul can't stand it anymore. With Annie's approval, he crushes up all the morphine pills and gives his mother a fatal overdose in her milk. Although Paul's euthanasia (mercy killing) of his mother may shock you, the narrator refers to the act as "this little sanity." There are two reasons that this murder can be considered an act of sanity. First, to Lawrence it is compassionate to end the suffering of a terminally ill individual. Secondly, in the psychological framework, it is necessary for Mrs. Morel to die in order to release the son from the imprisonment of his mother's love. When his mother die, he hovers between the wish to jojn his mother in death and the desire to go on living. The last words of the novel... "He walked towards the faintly humming, glowing town, quickly‥‥‥perhaps reflect his determination to keep a hold on life whatever the cost. Graham Hough, in his thorough 1976 study of Lawrence, The Dark Sun, agreed that Sons and Levels "is a Catharsis, achieved reliving and actual experience re-living it over and over again. In this Magnificent, and famous, last passage of Sons and Lovers, Lawrence describes Paul's self-awareness to life from the blank and total despair of his grief for his mother.

      • KCI등재

        미국상장사의 인수에 대한 법률적 고찰

        이재우 국제거래법학회 2011 國際去來法硏究 Vol.20 No.2

        This article provides a general overview of legal considerations under U.S. federal securities laws and state corporate laws that would be of interest to a foreign acquiror seeking to acquire a U.S. listed company. Public mergers & acquisitions (“M&A”) transactions under U.S. laws differ significantly from private M&A transactions. In terms of the basic legal framework,in a public M&A transaction, U.S. federal securities laws generally govern matters such as disclosures required to be made to the target company’s shareholders,tender offers and proxy solicitations, while the applicable state law governs matters such as the rights and duties of the target company’s shareholders and board of directors in connection with the M&A transaction and the form of and procedural requirements for the merger. For the purposes of the article, discussions on state law focus on Delaware law. The article examines various types of public M&A transactions, such as (i)friendly (i.e., negotiated) versus hostile M&A transactions, (ii) different transaction forms (e.g., forward / reverse / subsidiary mergers), (iii) transactions using cash or stock consideration and (iv) one-step versus two-step mergers. In addition, the article discusses various defensive mechanisms which may apply to a U.S. listed company target under applicable state anti-takeover statutes,“poison pill” plans which may have been adopted by the target or other defensive measures (such as staggered board or supermajority approval requirements) that the target may have adopted in its charter documents. Next, the article discusses select procedural and substantive considerations which would be significant for the acquirer during negotiations with the target’s board of directors in a friendly deal, including a discussion on points to be considered at the stage of initial contact with the target and negotiation of preliminary agreements (e.g., confidentiality, standstill and exclusivity agreements). Greater focus is given to various deal protection provisions which are typically negotiated and included in the definitive merger agreement, including discussions on the legal background and significance of various such provisions and key negotiation points under Delaware law and recent market practice. Finally, the article summarizes the typical closing process for a public M&A transaction under U.S. laws following the execution of the definitive merger agreement,with a particular focus on the difference between a transaction structured as a one-step merger versus a two-step merger.

      • Sons and Lovers에 관한 연구 : A devouring mother and Paul Morel devouring mother와 Paul과의 관계를 중심으로

        李宰雨 건국대학교 부설 중원인문연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

        This thesis is an attempt to research how the distorted love of a affects the life of two sons, especially how Paul comes to awaken to his self-awareness. Sons and lovers is for the most part a very accurate record of D.H. Lawrence's own early life. The novel has fifteen episodic chapters, divided into two parts. Part One deals with the Morel family home life, emphasizing social and historical influences. Paul, the protagonist, is not yet the main focus of the novel. The core of Part One is the story of Mr. and Mrs. Morel's failed marriage and the promise of the first son William's success in life. Part One ends with the death of William and Mrs. Morel's new hope in her younger son, Paul. Part Two begins the story of Sons and Lovers in terms of Paul's perceptions. Part Two, or the story of Parl's life, can only begin once the favored son William dies and Paul takes his place in his mother's heart. This section of the novel concentrates more on the conflicting inner feelings of its caracters than on the straightfoward, action-and detail-oriented realism of Part Pne. It also focuses on the battle between Miriam and mrs. Morel for Paul's soul. There are so many parallels between Sons and Lovers and Lawrence's own life as the son of an illiterate coal miner and his educated, socilly aspiring wife, that the novel can well be called autobiographical. In an autobiographical novel, the events in the story are closely based on the suthor's life. The core of the novel is based on the author's own experiences. All the major themes, conflicts, and characters of Sons andLovers have their real-life counterparts in Lawrence's own difficult childhiid adolescence. He hates his father and dreams of living exclusively with his mother. Gertrud has replaced her husband with her son. Paul has grave problems finding a satisfying relationship with any women other than his mother. He found that with his mother were strong for a successful relationship. Paul told his mother that as long as she lived he could not live a full life or love any women. She became ill and Paul dedicated his life completely to her. When his mother die. he hovers between the wish to join his mother in death and the desire to go on living. The last words of the novel…' "He walked towards the faintly humming, glowing town. Quickly." - Perhaps reflect his determination to keep a hold on life whatever the cost. Graham Hough, in his through 1956 study of Lawrence, The Dark Sun, agreed that Sons and Lovers "is a Catharsis, achieved re-living and actual experience re-living it over and over again. In this magnificent, and famous, last passage of Sons and Lovers, Lawrence describes Paul's reawakening to life from the blank and total despair of his grief for his mother.

      • KCI등재후보

        척추마취 하 제왕절개술시 저혈압 예방을 위한 하지압박붕대법의 효과

        이재우,강효석,백승권,최주연 대한마취통증의학회 2011 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.6 No.2

        Background: Hypotension is the most frequent complication associated with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. Prehydration and/or vasopressor therapy is commonly used for prevention of hypotension in cesarean deliveries. Wrapping of the legs is simple to perform before surgery and was reported be effective for the prevention of post spinal hypotension in a few obstetric units. So we investigated whether wrapping of the legs prevents post spinal hypotension during cesarean section. Methods: 45 patients were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (15 in each group): prehydration with 10 ml/kg (group I), prehydration with 10 ml/kg and wrapping of the legs (group II), prehydration with 5 ml/kg and wrapping of the legs (group III). Hypotension was defined as a 20% decrease from initial systolic arterial pressure (SAP) or SAP lower than 90 mmHg and was treated with intravenous ephedrine (4 mg, repeated). Blood pressure was recorded before spinal anesthesia and every min for 10 min and then every 2 min for another 10 min after spinal anesthesia. Results: Group I showed a significant decrease in SAP compared to group II and group III 1min after spinal anesthesia, but after that,there was no significant difference between the three groups. Group II showed a significant difference in incidence of severe hypotension after spinal anesthesia compared with group I, but there was no difference of the incidence of hypotension between the three groups. Conclusions: Wrapping of the legs for prevention of post spinal hypotension during elective cesarean section reduces the severity of hypotension. (Anesth Pain Med 2011; 6: 173∼177)

      • Euglena gracilis Z에 의한 CO_2 고정화

        이재우,박봉선,손태일 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 2002 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

        The Biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae has been known as an effective carbon dioxide reduction technology. With many environmental factors influencing microalgal productivity, the desirable CO^2 concentration and cultivation factors were investigated using a green algae, Euglena gracilis. It has the high protein and vitamin I to be used as fodder. In batch culture, initial pH, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the optimum cultivation condition were pH 3.5, 27℃ and 10%, respectively.

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