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황진영 ( Hwang Jin Yeong ),조주현 ( Jo Ju Hyeon ) 한국경제통상학회 2004 경제연구 Vol.22 No.1
The recent empirical studies on the impacts of financial repression on the real sector are controversial, mainly due to the reliability of the proxies of financial repression. Introducing the Financial Mark-Up Ratio(FMUR) as an alternative plausible measure of financial repression. an attempt is made to estimate the impacts of FMUR on output and investment growth. The FMUR is defined as the ratio of the difference between loan and deposit interest rates to deposit interest rate. Using cross-national evidence, it is found that the FMUR has negatively and significantly associated with the economic growth and the gross domestic investment growth rates. The results are robust t o the inclusion of some explanatory variables, for a few different econometric methods and for two different samples.
대퇴 전자간 골절 환자에 있어 근위 대퇴골 골수정의 골두 천공에 영향을 미치는 위험인자
이동영(Dong-Yeong Lee),황선철(Sun-Chul Hwang),정순택(Soon-Taek Jeong),오진영(Jin-Young Oh),김동희(Dong-Hee Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2017 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.52 No.4
목적: 대퇴 전자간 골절 후 근위 대퇴골 금속정 고정술을 시행 받은 환자를 대상으로 골두 천공(cut-out)의 발생에 영향을 미치는 위험인자를 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2011년 1월부터 2016년 3월까지 경상대학교병원에서 대퇴 전자간 골절을 진단 받고 수술적 치료를 시행 받은 151명의 성인환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대퇴 전자간 골절 후 근위 대퇴골 금속정 고정술을 시행한 환자 중 최소 6개월 이상 추시가 가능했던 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 남자는 76명, 여자는 75명, 평균 나이는 73.7±12.1세로 나타났다. 골두 천공에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인구학적 요소와 골다공증, 대퇴 경간각(≤130° or >130°), tip-apex distance (TAD) (≤25 mm or >25 mm), lag screw의 대퇴 골두내에서의 위치와 같은 다양한 인자들이 고려되었으며, 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 이용하여 95% 신뢰구간(confidence interval, CI)에서의 odds ratio (OR)를 계산하였다. 우선 모든 인자를 이용하여 단변량 분석을 시행하였으며, 단변량 분석에서 유의한 인자를 이용하 여다변량 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 전체 환자 중 골두 천공의 발생은 14명(9.3%)에서 관찰되었으며, 단변량 분석 결과 AO/OTA 분류에 따른 골절양상 (p=0.045), 대퇴 경간각(p<0.001), 그리고 lag screw의 대퇴 골두 내 위치(quadrant) (p=0.001)가 골두 천공의 발생의 위험인자로 나타났다. TAD는 골두 천공의 발생과 관계가 없었다(p=0.886). 단변량 분석에서 유의한 인자들을 이용하여 다변량 분석을 시행한 결과 대퇴 경간각(OR, 12.291; 95% CI, 2.559-59.034; p=0.002)과 대퇴 골두 내 lag screw의 위치(OR, 7.194; 95% CI, 1.712-30.303; p=0.007)만이 골두 천공 발생과 관련된 위험인자로 나타났다. 결론: 대퇴 전자간 골절 후 근위 대퇴골 금속정을 이용하여 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자에 있어 수술 시 외반 정복과 대퇴 골두 내 적절한 위치에 lag screw를 고정하는 것이 기계적 합병증인 골두 천공의 발생을 줄일 수 있는 중요한 인자이다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of cut-out of proximal femoral nail by a lag screw as the treatment for intertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 151 patients (76 males and 75 females; mean age, 73.7±12.1 years), who were diagnosed with intertrochanteric fracture at Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2011 and March 2016, with a follow-up of at least for 6 months were included in this retrospective study. Various risk factors, such as demographic data, osteoporosis, collodiaphyseal angle (CDA) (≤130˚ or >130˚), tip-apex distance (TAD) (≤25 mm or >25 mm), and the position of lag screw in the femur head (quadrant) related to the occurrence of cut-out were taken into consideration. The strength of association for each factor was determined through the calculation of the odds ratio (OR), within the 95% confidence interval (CI). First, we performed univariate logistic regression analyses for all variables; then, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis, using only the significant variables that had resulted from the univariate analysis. Results: Among the 151 cases, the occurrence of cut-out was observed in 14 cases (9.3%). In a univariate analysis, the fracture patterns based on the AO/OTA classification (p=0.045), CDA (p<0.001) and the position of lag screw in the femur head (quadrant) (p=0.001) showed a significant association with the occurrence of the cut-out. However, TAD was not significantly associated with the cut-out (p=0.886). Various factors, which were significant in univariate analyses, were included in multivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, CDA (OR, 12.291; 95% CI, 2.559-59.034; p=0.002), and quadrant (OR, 7.194; 95% CI, 1.712-30.303; p=0.007) were significantly associated with the cut-out. Conclusion: Valgus reduction and proper position of lag screw were critical for the prevention of occurrence of cut-out when treating intertrochanteric fracture using proximal femur nail.
정군오 ( Jeong Gun O ),황진영 ( Hwang Jin Yeong ) 한국경제통상학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.3
This paper empirically traces out the determinants of corruption. which can be determined by the economic development. It is found that a country` s economic development is positively and significantly associated with higher levels of channels, such as (ⅰ) government size, (ⅱ) political development, (ⅲ) human capital accumulation, (ⅳ) trade openness and (ⅴ) income distribution. Moreover, a country with higher levels of the channels ends UP with a lower degree of corruption. These results hold even when controlling for other factors that affects corruption and a sub-sample of less developed countries. Therefore, the main implication of this paper is that government policies to improve the levels of the channels may indirectly reduce corruption. However, the impacts of a few channels, such as government size and income distribution, on corruption depend on the model and sample specifications.