http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
황정하,Hwang, Jeong-Ha 대한인쇄문화협회 2003 프린팅코리아 Vol.9 No.-
올해는 계미년으로 인쇄인들에게는 뜻 깊은 해이다. 왜냐하면 1392년 태조 이성계가 조선을 건국하고, 3대 태종 이방원(1401-1418)이 왕이 된 후 3년만인 1403년(조선 태종3, 계미년)에 주자소를 설치하고, 금속활자를 만든 것이 '계미자'로 올해가 600주년이 되는 해이기 때문이다.
황정하(Hwang Jeong-Ha) 역사실학회 2008 역사와실학 Vol.35 No.-
Jikji(直指) was printed by movable metal type at Cheongju(淸州) Heungduksa(興德寺) Temple in 1377 July. This book was collected & brought to France by Collin de Plancy who was the French minister to Korea in late 19C and Jikji was opened to the public on the France International Exhibition in 1900. It was appeared in the Bibliographie Coréenne which was published by Maurice Courant in 1901. Collin de Plancy sold 883 pieces of books which were collected from Korea China Japan etc in an auction 1911 at Hôtel Drouot. Most of the korean books among them were bought by Bibliothèque Nationale de France but Jikji was sold to H. Vever in 180 franc. François Mautin the grandson and heir of H. Vever donated Jikji to Bibliothèque Nationale de France in 1952. Bibliothèque Nationale de France put Jikji on exhibition in 1972 & 1973.
황정하 ( Jeong Ha Hwang ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2013 人文科學 Vol.97 No.-
One of the cultural backgrounds which gave rise to printing in Europe was a growing demand for books as a number of universities were established and Renaissance was going on in the era of parchment-based transcription culture. In addition, paper and woodblock printing were introduced from the East, which laid a foundation for a new printing technique to emerge. He made pilgrim`s emblem during the adolescence in Strasbourg, however, he failed in business. He operated a print shop with co-founder J. Fust in Mainz and printed 42-line Bible by using movable metal-type before the march of 1455. European countries needed type-casting mould(hand mould) and press because of the tradition and culture of making books, which includes the each of letters, paper(parchment) and the way of binding books. Therefore it seems that Gutenberg invented these. But there are no materials how he cast the metal-type and printed the book at that time. The way of printing which has been known until now can be assumed through the old data around one century later after he died.