Viewing Wand'의 임상적 적용 및 장단점

황수현,신형진,신동익,남도현,김종수,이정일,홍승철,박관,어환 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.5

제1차 세계대전 개전에 있어 오스트리아 - 헝가리제국의 책임과 역할 - 사라예보 사건 이후 개전 과정을 중심으로 -

황수현 육군군사연구소 2021 군사연구 Vol.- No.151

The First World War began with gunfire in Sarajevo. But no one expected the small incident drag the whole of Europe to war. Austria-Hungary, a traditional European central empire, sought to expand its power in the Balkans as part of a policy of advancing east. However, Austria-Hungary faced Russian-backed Serbian resistance in the Balkans, and pushed for the complete neutralization of Serbia under the pretext of the Sarajevo incident with German support. Many studies have been conducted on the origins of the First World War. However, most of them put the blame on Germany's expansionary policy, which has rapidly emerged as an emerging empire. In particular, the German military leadership, which gained confidence in its strong military power, strongly urged Wilhelm II to pursue a belligerent foreign policy. As a result, Austria-Hungary, which gained full support from Germany, insisted on a military response rather than a diplomatic response, which led to the outbreak of the First World War. This study seeks to establish the responsibilities and roles of Austria-Hungary, who has long been a substantial player in the process of outbreak of the war but has long been free from the responsibility of war. The decision to break out of the Austria-Hungary by accidental choice without sufficient preparation and discussion led to mass destruction and the dissolution of the empire. Thus, the Austria-Hungary has a decisive responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War. 제1차 세계대전은 사라예보에서의 총성으로부터 시작되었다. 하지만 그 누구도 이작은 사건이 유럽 전역을 전쟁으로 끌고 가리라고는 예상하지 못했다. 전통적인 유럽의 중심국가였던 오스트리아-헝가리는 동진정책의 일환으로 발칸반도에서의 세력확장을 추구했다. 그러나 오스트리아-헝가리는 발칸반도에서 러시아의 지원을 받는 세르비아의 저항에 직면했고, 독일의 지원 아래 사라예보 사건을 빌미로 세르비아의 완전한 무력화를 추진했다. 그동안 제1차 세계대전의 기원에 대해서는 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 대부분 신흥제국으로 급부상한 독일의 팽창정책에 그 책임을 돌렸다. 특히 강력한 군사력에 자신감을 얻은 독일 군부 중심의 지도부는 호전적인 대외정책을 빌헬름 2세에게강권했다. 그 결과 독일의 전폭적인 지지를 얻은 오스트리아-헝가리는 외교적 대응보다는 군사적 대응을 고집했고, 이로 인해 제1차 세계대전은 발발하게 되었다. 본 연구는 그동안 개전과정의 실질적인 주체이면서도 오랜 기간 전쟁의 책임론에서벗어나 있던 오스트리아-헝가리의 책임과 역할을 규명하고자 한다. 충분한 준비와 논의없이 우발적인 선택에 의한 오스트리아-헝가리의 개전 결정은 대규모 살상과 제국의 해체를 가져왔다. 따라서 제1차 세계대전의 개전과정에 있어 오스트리아-헝가리는결정적인 책임이 있다고 할 수 있다.

2차원 라이다와 관성센서를 이용한 사용자 동작의도 파악에 따른 보행보조기의 추종제어 알고리즘 개발

황수현,이순걸,원인식 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

백년초(Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten) 열매 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 B16F10 세포에서의 멜라닌 억제 효과

황수현,김교남 동아시아식생활학회 2023 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten, commonly known as cactus, is recognized for its bioactive component, β-cyanin, which has been found to have beneficial effects on pain relief, blood circulation, and detoxification. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities of the hot water extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. Various in vitro assays were conducted, including evaluation of total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and reducing potential. The total phenolic content of the hot water extract (WEC) was determined to be 1.74, 4.05, 6.77, 11.36, and 19.24 μg GAE/mL (w/w-hot water extract) at concentrations of 10 to 400 μg/mL. The results revealed significant antioxidant activity of WEC through the effective scavenging of DPPH radicals. WEC exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity ranging from 7.24% to 73.98% compared to the control (no treatment) at concentrations of 10 to 400 μg/mL. Additionally, the WEC demonstrated robust reducing potential comparable to the positive control (ascorbic acid) at concentrations of 200 and 400 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of WEC was evaluated using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and subsequent tests were conducted on B16F10 cells using WEC concentrations ranging from 10 to 400 μg/mL. Remarkably, the WEC treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on melanin accumulation in B16F10 cells, as observed through microscopic examination. These findings indicate that WEC possesses antioxidant and anti-melanogenic effects, making it a potential functional food ingredient. .

침전제의 종류 및 침전 공정의 변화가 β-Ga₂O₃ 분말 합성에 미치는 영향

황수현,최영종,고정현,김태진,전덕일,조우석,한규성,Hwang, Su Hyun,Choi, Young Jong,Ko, Jeong Hyun,Kim, Tae Jin,Jeon, Deok Il,Cho, Woo Suk,Han, Kyu Sung 한국재료학회 2014 한국재료학회지 Vol.24 No.4

In this research, a precipitation method was used to synthesize ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ powders with various particle morphologies and sizes under varying precipitation conditions, such as gallium nitrate concentration, pH, and aging temperature, using ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate as precipitants. The obtained powders were characterized in detail by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TG-DSC. From the TG-DSC result, GaOOH phase was transformed to ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ at around $742^{\circ}C$, and weight loss percent was about 14 % when $NH_4OH$ was used as a precipitant. Also, ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ formed at $749^{\circ}C$ and weight loss percent was about 15 % when $(NH)_2CO_3$ was used as a precipitant. XRD results showed that the obtained $Ga_2O_3$ had pure monoclinic phase in both cases. When $(NH)_2CO_3$ was used as a precipitant, the particle shape changed and became irregular. The range of particle size was about $500nm-4{\mu}m$ based on various concentrations of gallium nitrate solution with $NH_4OH$. The particle size was increased from $1-2{\mu}m$ to $3-4{\mu}m$ and particle shape was changed from spherical to bar type by increasing aging temperature over $80^{\circ}C$.

성인의 악관절 증상과 요추질환의 관련성

황수현,유지수 한국치위생과학회 2018 치위생과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and lumbar diseases in adults when the prevalence rate of osteoarthritis is increasing and to help develop health policies that can improve oral health and health in general. The study used representative data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey phase 3 (2012). In total, we analyzed the data of 3,017 individuals aged over 50 years who participated in the health-related survey and underwent radiography of the lumbar joints. PASW statistics ver. 18.0 was used for analysis. This study revealed the following results: 16.1% experienced at least one symptom of temporomandibular joint disorders within the recent single year, 20.6% experienced lower back pain in the recent three months, and 30.6% had lumbar osteoarthritis revealed using radiography of the lumbar joints. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders, lower back pain, and lumbar osteoarthritis were correlated with each other; the respondents who experienced symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders had 1.70 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30∼2.22) higher prevalence of lower back pain and 1.20 times (95% CI, 0.86∼1.68) higher prevalence of lumbar osteoarthritis than in those with no such difficulties. The results of this study confirmed that the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders affected lumbar diseases in adulthood. Therefore, adequate treatment and prevention of the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in adults is expected to make crucial contributions to decreases in the prevalence rate of lumbar diseases and an improvement in the quality of life.

La representación literaria del espacio urbano en la poesía de Oliverio Girondo

황수현 한국스페인어문학회 2011 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.61

El nombre de Oliverio Girondo (1891-1967), poeta argentino, se lo relacionará con la vanguardia. Desde 1922, año en que Girondo escribe Veinte poemas para ser leídos en el tranvía, hasta 1963, fecha de la edición definitiva de En la masmédula (1954), con once poemas más en el entretanto, su obra subraya a un escritor sólido, renovador de las propiedades del lenguaje. No quedó satisfecho con la vanguardia superficial de los años veinte y mantuvo el compromiso con la palabra. Siempre fue fiel a sí mismo, lleno de entusiasmo innovador, y demostró un disgusto hacia la tradición. Venía de una familia acomodada, tuvo oportunidad de viajar desde niño a Europa, lo que le permitió estar bien conectado con su mundo cultural, y de ahí su inclinación hacia los movimientos de la vanguardia. La obra es un fiel retrato del viaje espacial e interior. Girondo disfrutaba viajar y aborrecía la ciudad tradicional y estática. Él afirmaba que era la imagen de la transformación frente al estatismo, la que definía la conversión de la sensibilidad moderna y de la estática de lo novedoso. En su poesía están presentes la ruptura con el pasado, la negación, la innovación, la desacralización del arte, el cosmopolitismo y la fusión arte-vida. Girondo logra describir los aspectos tanto interiores como exteriores del espacio urbano en su poesía.

후안 델 바예 이 까비에데스의 시에 나타난 풍자의 함의

황수현 한국스페인어문학회 2012 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.65

Juan del Valle y Caviedes es el escritor satírico que representa la literatura hispanoamericana en el siglo XVII. Nació en Oriundo de Porcuna, Andalucía de España, pero de pequeño se trasladó a Lima, capital del Virreinato y se consideró un criollo del Perú. Y en sus obras Lima es representado a menudo en un contexto literario. La época en la que hizo su aparición en el mundo literario fue un período en el que era popular el estilo gongorino y que la poesía era escrita y leída en voz alta en los salones del Palacio virreinal. El poeta, en contra de la corriente de la poesía del corte que entonces estaba de moda, criticó sin reserva la injusticia y los abusos de la sociedad limeña. Si bien el arte es una medida para rebelarse contra el ambiente o dogmas sociales, la poesía resultó ser un buen pathos para satirizar la corrupción que existía en toda la sociedad virreinal y burlarse de la clase dominante que representaba al poder político y religioso en el Perú del siglo XVII, virreinato de España. La sátira era utilizada como medio de resistencia contra la clase dominante o al conquistador para los grupos marginados en un nuevo orden social llamado el Nuevo Mundo. A pesar de las circunstancias opresivas bajo el mandato colonial, estos escritores lograron mostrar su identidad a través de unos recursos retóricos que permitían expresar sus ideologías. Este tipo de movimientos sirvió de clave para el nacimiento de la tradición literaria satírica de América Latina. Si la literatura juega el papel de un espejo que refleja la sociedad actual, la existencia de los autores criollos como Caviedes hizo posible la contención de la diversidad y la multiplicidad sociales de la realidad del siglo XVII. Por tanto, la sátira contra los peninsulares españoles y la clase dominante de la época fue producto de un experimento literario para redefinir el espíritu de la época a través de la preocupación por la subjetividad relacional y la recuperación del reconocimiento de la realidad. Asimismo constituye un modo de verificar la existencia individual que se rebela contra la sociedad y el grupo dominantes así como el deseo por establecer un nuevo orden social de la época.

오가피 조다당의 단백질 항원 (BSA and OVA)에 대한 면역증강효과

황수현,하은숙,유광원,신광순,이상훈,이재권,이경호,윤택준,박우문 대한약학회 2003 약학회지 Vol.47 No.3

Eleutherococcus senticosus is a typical oriental folk medicinal herb. It has been used clinically as a anti-rheumatic disease, anti-stress, ischemic heart disease and gastric ulcer. In the present study, we examined the adjuvant activity of the crude polysaccharides fraction from Eleutherococcus senticosus, EN-3, on the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA). The thioglycollate-induced macrophages and silica-induced dendritic-like cells cultured with BSA and EN-3 synergistically increased the production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-12. When mice were subcutaneously immunized with BSA + EN-3, the antibody titer against BSA was showed significantly higher than those immunized with BSA alone. In addition, when mice were immunized with OVA + FIA + EN-3, the antibody titer was showed similar patterns with the FCA. The assay for determining subisotype of antibody revealed that EN-3 augmented OVA-specific antibody titer of IgG1 and IgG2b. The culture supernatant obtained from splenocytes of mice treated with OVA + FIA + EN-3 also showed a higher level of both OVA-specific Th1-type (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and GM-CSF) and Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10). In vitro analysis of T cell proliferation to OVA on 8 weeks, the splenocytes of mice treated with OVA + EN-3 showed a significantly higher proliferating activity than those treated with OVA alone. These results suggest that EN-3 may possess adjuvant activities to potentially to enhance humoral as well as cellular immune response.

El deporte y la pasión literaria de Parra del Riego

황수현 한국스페인어문학회 2010 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.57

Juan Parra del Riego(1894-1925) fue un poeta peruano cuya inquietud y desasosiego lo hacían deambular de su país natal a otro, pasando la mayor parte de su vida en Uruguay, sin que nunca se conformara al orden común y burgués, ni mostrara otro afán que el de vivir para su obra artística. En los treinta años de vida dejó tres libros de poesía. Entre ellos destacan Himnos del cielo y de los ferrocarriles y Polirritmos, que elogian las máquinas y los deportes. Las manifestaciones culturales cosmopolitas en la época de transición y en especial, el cine, la máquina y el deporte, símbolos de las expresiones culturales de la vanguardia, tuvieron una buena acogida. Los autores fueron sensibles a esa fascinación porque buscaban una nueva temática. Parra del Riego no fue una excepción en este sentido. El poeta intentó describir el idioma del deporte, con su constante movimiento y su dinámica de lo impensado. En su poesía inundaban la alegría y la pasión por el deporte. Parra del Riego trató de transmitir las sensaciones y el estilo alegórico de la modernidad. En sus poemas cantó la velocidad, el vigor, la juventud y la alegría. A lo largo de su corta vida intentó construir un mundo distinto como único espacio de libertad.