유니버설 디자인 관점의 국내 문화재 웨이파인딩 시스템 현황 연구

황동호 ( Dongho Hwang ) 한국산업디자이너협회 2019 산업디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.2

Cultural assets are a cultural resource with inheritable values and a major cultural tourism resource of the nation through the registration of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. As noted in the related law, Korea also emphasizes the necessity of 'conservation' and 'utilization' of cultural assets. Preservation and utilization of cultural properties are essential and have opposite sides, but up to now, aspects of preservation have been highlighted due to the nature of cultural properties. This study is a study to balance conservation and utilization of cultural properties. Recently, we have been studying and applying the wayfinding system of universal design from the view point of universal design. However, for the cultural property which is a public property, Application can not be found. Therefore, this study is a basic research for constructing a wayfinding system of universal design perspective so that various types of users such as disabled persons, social underprivilegers, general people and foreigners using cultural property can easily access and experience. First, we analyze the precedent research related to the wayfinding system of universal design perspective and study the principle and concept. Based on this, we survey the present condition of related laws and regulations, universal design guideline by related organizations, cultural property guide guidelines that show cultural property wayfinding system. Finally, the present state of cultural property wayfinding system is analyzed by analyzing the elements and method of wayfinding system in the universal design perspective of the previous research, and considerations of cultural property wayfinding system are presented.

국내 유휴공간의 문화적 재생을 위한 공간디자인정책 현황 연구

황동호 ( Dongho Hwang ),채정우 ( Jungwoo Chae ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6

(Background and Purpose) As the population of Korea decreases, vacant spaces such as empty houses and other buildings are increasing rapidly. According to data from the National Statistical Office's National Employment Survey, which is released every five years, the number of empty houses nationwide increased about 26% between 2010 and 2015. This represents a dramatic increase when compared to the period between 2005 and 2010, which was characterized by a 9% increase. These vacant spaces become slums in the city. They are used for crime and do not provide psychological stability as spaces for human settlement. However, the rapidly growing number of vacant spaces has the potential to become a new resource rather than a factor with public sector problems. Many studies on industrial heritage and vacant space have emphasized the necessity of “cultural regeneration.” Among the studies on the cultural reproduction of the vacant space, the analysis and evaluation of the situation through space planning and research are underway. Through this, we analyze the present situation comprehensively and present a basic plan for space design policy for the cultural reproduction of vacant space. (Method) In this study, we analyze policies related to space design for the cultural reproduction of vacant space in Korea through literature review and data analysis. In addition, we examine the relationship between regulating laws and promoting laws in the current legal system. We investigate the implications of space design policy and laws for the cultural reproduction of vacant space; on the basis of this analysis, we draw up policies and plans for the cultural management and utilization of vacant space in the future. (Results) For the cultural revitalization of vacant space, policies and legislation related to software are needed in place of the current hardware-specific policies. For this process, the government, users, and professional space designers need to play a role. It is necessary to make the vacant space DB and to construct the design space for the reproduction space. (Conclusions) This study is a preliminary study to establish space design policies for the cultural reproduction of vacant space in Korea. The basic plan derived from the present situation analysis may be used as a basis for further research examining the policy of recycling cultural space, the plan for fostering recreational space designer experts, and the design policy for recycled space. This suggests a policy to solve the problem of the public part in the area of space design. It constitutes an information service of vacant space and a professional organization.

참여적 공간디자인을 통한 학교 공간개선 후 이용자 만족에 관한 연구

황동호 ( Dongho Hwang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.2

(Background and Purpose) School is the oldest and most public space for the youth of the future. Despite the recent emphasis on creativity and sensitivity, school spaces have been designed uniformly for efficiency and control. Recently, discussions have been underway to design students’ customized spaces with students and teachers. In this way, an attempt is being made to transform future school spaces. We analyzed a “case of participatory school space design,” examined satisfaction with the result and efficiency of the project, and posed the research question, “How satisfied were design participants and general users?” (Method)First, the necessity of participatory space design is elucidated through previous research, and major examples of participatory space design project in Korea are analyzed. In this study, The case study is 'Making a happu school in 2014 culture'. Second, after that, analyze results of the project. The subjects were 'workshop participants (student, teacher)' who participated in the workshop 'Creating a Happy School in Culture 2014' and 'General beneficiary' who uses the space after completion. The survey method is largely evaluated by quantitative evaluation of the preceding factors and then analyzed using PCSI (Public-service Customer Satisfaction Index) user satisfaction analysis model which is commonly used in public institutions and public project satisfaction surveys. Through each evaluation, we analyze the evaluation of the business case and the significance by comparing the score of the project as a whole, the 'workshop participant' and the 'general beneficiary', and then the participatory space design suggests the direction that the project should have present. (Result)The PCSI of culture - happy school building was 85.6 points, and the confidence interval of the institutional score at the 95.0% confidence level was 83.1 ~ 88.0. Among the quality factors, 'process quality' and 'environmental quality' were the highest score of 85.9 and 'social quality' score was 80.1. Also, in all the evaluations, the score of 'workshop participants' was higher than that of 'general beneficiaries'. (Conclusion)The satisfaction of the school space improvement project through the participatory space design suggests that the space user participation process is needed more than the designer - led process in the future space design project. The process of public space design in the future will be necessary to collect and participate in user 's opinions. In the future, opportunities for users to participate in design with understanding and interest in space change through the process of collecting opinions from users in the process of designing public space such as schools and public offices, workshops on changes in space, and satisfaction surveys , Design satisfaction will be high and space design activation and cultural consciousness will spread.

문화재생 공간디자인에 대한 이용자 평가 연구

황동호 ( Dongho Hwang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4

(Background and Purpose) Recently, a lot of culturally regenerated space using idle space has been created and researched, but there is little research on the evaluation and satisfaction of users using the idle space. In response, this study raised the question, ”How is the cultural regeneration of free space evaluated by users?” We selected one of the projects related to the cultural heritage of the idle facilities in the country and comprehensively investigated and analyzed the actual state of the space used, the satisfaction with the space, and the necessity of space among users who use the space created through the cultural heritage project. (Method) First, we analyze the 'Industrial Complex and Waste Industrial Facilities Cultural Heritage Life' project, which is a representative example of the cultural heritage project of idle space in Korea. Explore the basic significance of the project and its core value, direction of promotion, project promotion process, and the case of space culturally regenerated by the project, and discuss the project results. Second, after analyzing project results, the results of space satisfaction assessment of users based on user satisfaction level using the space are studied and analyzed. (Result) The overall score of satisfaction level was 83 points, confirming the satisfaction of the entire project and the need for the project to users who are the final beneficiaries of the project. Both the satisfaction rate and the willingness to participate were high, but the willingness to participate in the future was lower than the satisfaction rate. The five-dimensional spatial satisfaction level showed 39.8 points in ease of obtaining information, which is about 50 percent lower than that of the spatial environment.The overall score of satisfaction level was 83 points, confirming the satisfaction of the entire project and the need for the project to users who are the final beneficiaries of the project. Both the satisfaction rate and the willingness to participate were high, but the willingness to participate in the future was lower than the satisfaction rate. The five-dimensional spatial satisfaction level showed 39.8 points in ease of obtaining information, which is about 50 percent lower than that of the spatial environment.. (Conclusion) What shows the value of the cultural heritage site among the evaluation results is that users of the space that has been revived through the space design of the cultural heritage site feel the need for cultural regeneration space. It also appears that cultural heritage sites contribute greatly to the community. This shows that space design through cultural regeneration can be an alternative to the positive perception of idle space as a cultural experience given by space, and the future use of urban idle space due to population reduction and the aging of facilities.

국내 유니버설디자인 정책현황 연구

황동호 ( Dongho Hwang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4

(Background and Purpose) As the population of the elderly and the disabled grows rapidly in Korea, universal design is being studied and policies are being introduced into various sectors of society. Policies are made by means of execution of policies. Thus, we study the present status of universal design policies in Korea because of the legislation and policy projects, which are the main means of the implementation of policies. Therefore, the purpose of the Chapter is to recognize the need for an investigation into the necessity of an integrated universal design policy at the national and regional levels, to recognize the need for investigations of relevant laws, ordinances, guidelines, etc., and to contribute to the expansion of the social scope and cultural spread of universal design. (Method) Identify the current status of Universal Design Act, ordinances and guidelines enacted or developed by the state and local governments, the main means of implementing universal design policies in Korea, and analyze their contents. In addition, the current situation of local governments' ordinances and guidelines, which contain the contents of universal design, is studied in order to identify the current status of policy projects. In conclusion, the collection and contents of relevant laws and guidelines are reviewed through the analysis of the current state of universal design policies in Korea to present the direction of universal design policies in Korea. (Results) According to the relevant legal status, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport have developed the concept of universal design around the improvement of safety and convenience of facilities for the welfare of the disabled. However, the upper law on universal design has yet to be enacted, and Universal Design takes up only a fraction of the city and public design plans of local governments. The Local Autonomy Ordinance can be seen as a common purpose, allowing Universal Design to live conveniently and safely in a universal, nondiscriminatory environment for all who use the city. The guidelines show the purpose of applying them to the improvement of safety and convenience of individual facilities. (Conclusions) The concept of universal design, which has been expanded to embrace human diversity in addition to the disabled, the elderly and children, should be developed and implemented accordingly. It should extend into the realm of software social systems, communication and services rather than the previously focused view of the hardware environment, product. In the physical realm, a universal design policy that is integrated with the state rather than a separate policy by local governments is needed to establish a system where each interface of the urban environment, such as architecture, roads and parks, can be integrated.

문화적 공간재생을 위한 국가 디자인 정책사업 사례연구

황동호 ( Hwang Dongho ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.6

(Background and Purpose) The method of 'culturally regenerating' the public spaces by means of participation and communication of citizens has taken root as a basic method for spatial regeneration through many studies and verification among the methods of urban regeneration. This study was intended to identify the area of improvement in the 'implementation means' of policies associated with spatial regeneration design through analysis of domestic legislations and policy projects from the standpoint of spatial regeneration design in order to analyze the 'implementation means' of domestic cultural spatial regeneration design policy. (Method) The 32 legislations, derived for cultural regeneration of the space, were classified into 7 categories. Based on that, the legislations associated with spatial contracts were added, leading to the classification into 8 categories which were then substituted into Lowi's policy types for analysis of current status. The methods, by which the State coerced the enforcement of policies, and the functionality of such coercion were classified by the type of policy. Using the policy types and coercion types as a framework for analysis, the analysis was performed through substitution into the 32 legislations of 8 categories which were extracted before. Through that, it could be understood how the legislations related to each cultural spatial regeneration design were working. (Result) The design support takes on significant importance for the manufacturing industry, and many legislations put primary focus on the preservation of traditional culture. It is important to bring cultural perspective to spatial planning. Among the interacting legislations, the most notable legislation in this study is the 'Public Design Promotion Act'. This legislation sets forth the Master Plan for Public Design Promotion, Public Design Commission, public design services, formation of dedicated departments, deployment of manpower, etc. The Enforcement Ordinance and the Enforcement Rules specify the details stipulated by the Act, such as the standards for participation in public design services, the requirements for reporting by companies specializing in public design, and the requirements for designation of dedicated organization. (Conclusion) Current status of policy projects, which have been implemented thus far, show that those projects focused only on the pilot projects for hardware spatial creation. Although the pilot projects for spatial creation can bring the performance that provides financial support and immediately quantifies the physical results, the pilot projects will bring only short-term one-time performance if the awareness of users remains unchanged. Those policies will become conducive to designing even more cultural and sustainable idle spaces from a long-term perspective, if the policies are developed and supported with a focus on cultivation and utilization of experts while forming the information service and interpersonal networks necessary for cultural utilization of idle space.