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문제해결학습에서 학습자의 선수지식 수준에 따른 Worked-Out Example(WOE) 정보 유형의 효과 연구
정재원(Jung, Jaewon),홍정화(Hong, Jeonghwa),신윤희(Shin, Yoonhee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.15
본 연구는 문제해결학습에서 학습자의 선수지식 수준에 따른 소거된 WOE 정보 유형이 인지부하와 문제해결력에 미치는 효과를 분석하고, 학습자의 선수지식을 고려한 효과적이고 효율적인 WOE 소거 전략을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 참여자는 대학생 22명이었고, 연구 대상자는 선수지식 수준과 소거된 WOE 정보 유형에 따라 네 집단으로 나누어 문제해결학습을 진행하였다(선수지식 수준이 높고 ‘문제해결원리’ 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공한 그룹, 선수지식 수준이 높고 ‘문제해결방법’ 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공한 그룹, 선수지식 수준이 낮고 ‘문제해결원리’ 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공한 그룹, 선수지식 수준이 낮고 ‘문제해결방법’ 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공한 그룹). 학습이 끝난 후 인지부하와 문제해결력을 측정하여 이원분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 선수지식이 높으면서 문제해결원리 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공받은 그룹의 내재적, 외재적 인지부하가 가장 낮고 본유적 인지부하가 가장 높았으며 문제해결력도 가장 높았다. 반면 선수지식 수준이 낮으면서 문제해결방법 정보가 소거된 WOE를 제공받은 그룹의 내재적, 외재적 인지부하가 가장 높고 본유적 인지부하가 가장 낮았으며 문제해결력도 가장 낮았다. 이를 통해 선수지식 수준이 높은 경우 문제해결원리를 완성해 나가는 WOE 정보 유형이 효과적이며 선수지식 수준이 낮은 경우에도 문제해결방법을 소거한 WOE 보다는 문제해결원리를 소거한 WOE 정보 유형이 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of faded information based on learners’ prior knowledge, cognitive load and problem-solving competency in problem-solving learning. The participants were 22 university students who were divided into 4 groups based on level of prior knowledge and type of faded information: a high prior knowledge with faded principle worked-out example (WOE) group, a high prior knowledge with faded-method WOE group, a low prior knowledge with faded principle WOE group and a low prior knowledge with faded-method WOE group. After problem-solving learning, the participants’ cognitive load and problem-solving competency were analysed using two-way ANOVA. The high prior knowledge with faded principle WOE group showed the lowest extraneous load, the highest germane load and the highest problem-solving competency. In addition, the faded principle WOE type was effective on the low prior knowledge group. Based on these results, a faded information strategy that considers learners’ prior knowledge is important, and a faded principle WOE strategy is more effective than a faded-method WOE strategy for both novices and experts.
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1950-60년대 한국의 뇌폐흡충증과 심보성의 대뇌반구적출술
박지영(PARK Jiyoung),미야가와 타쿠야(MIYAGAWA Takuya),홍정화(HONG Jeonghwa),김옥주(KIM Ockjoo) 大韓醫史學會 2011 醫史學 Vol.20 No.1
This paper deals with cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral hemispherectomy conducted as a treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis by Bo Sung Sim in Korea in 1950s-1960s. He demonstrated that cerebral hemispherectomy could be used for unilateral diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis. Sim learned cerebral hemispherectomy from Dr. L. A. French. at the University of Minnesota from 1955 to 1957 in America. The authors argues that Bo Sung Sim’s introduction of cerebral hemispherectomy to Korea was not a simple application of an advanced medical technology, but a complicated and active process in that Sim used the technique to intervene intractable complications from cerebral paragonimiasis such as generalized convulsions, spastic hemiplegia and mental deterioration. Bo Sung Sim, one of the neurosurgeons of the first generation in Korea, was trained in neurology, neuropathology, neuroradiology and animal experiments as well as in neurosurgery at the University of Minnesota. After returning to Korea, Sim faced parasitic diseases, one of the most serious public health problems at that time, which were far different from what he learned in America. As a neurosurgeon, Sim tackled with parasitic diseases of the central nervous system with various diagnostics and therapeutics. In 1950s, more than one million populations suffered from pulmonary paragonimiasis acquired by eating raw crabs or by feeding juice of crushed crayfish for the treatment of measles in Korea. About 26.6 percent of people with paragonimiasis had cerebral paragonimiasis. Before bithionol therapy was introduced in 1962, neurosurgery was the only available treatment to control increased intracranial pressures, intractable epilepsy, paralysis and mental deterioration. Between 1958 to 1962, Bo Sung Sim operated on 24 patients of cerebral paragonimiasis. In two of them, he performed cerebral hemispherectomy to control intractable convulsions when he found diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral atrophy at the operating table. The two patients were recovered dramatically after the operation. The first patient became a part of medical campus for 20 years after hemispherectomy, doing chores at the hospital and helping Bo Sung Sim for his teaching neuroanatomy. The presence of the hemispherectomized patient in the classroom impressed the students deeply. Furthermore, the hemispherectomized patient stimulated Sim and his school to perform research upon the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain with hemispherectomized animals.
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