일본의‘후견제도지원신탁’의 동향과 시사점

홍승옥(Hong, Seung-Ok) 한양법학회 2016 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.3

The adult guardianship system has been implemented since July 1, 2013, and there are relative guardians, and guardians with specialized jobs among guardians. At the initial stage of the system, many relative guardians were appointed. However, some cases of abusing assets of a ward by relative guardians occurred at the process of trial or supervision phase of adult guardianship related events. As a result, the appointment of relative guardians is decreasing and the appointment of guardians with specialized jobs are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures to prevent any side effects by abuse of adult guardianship system. Even in Japan, where adult guardianship system began to be implemented before Korea started to implement the system, as adult guardianship related events increased, cases of abusing assets of a ward by relative guardians during the process of executing assets of a ward by relative guardians. Therefore, the appointment of relative guardians decreased and the appointment of guardians with specialized jobs increased. Since guardianship supervision of family court has limitation as it relies on supervision technique mainly with ex post facto supervision, it heralded the need for guardianship supervision method by supervision in advance in order to prevent any deliberate misbehavior by relative guardian and protect assets of a ward. Now it has introduced and implemented “Guardianship Support Trust” system since Feb. 2012. As a result, assets of a ward can be protected in a broader sense by utilizing Guardianship Support Trust even when appointing a relative as his or her guardian along with the way of appointing guardian with specialized job. It seems inevitable to use Guardianship Support Trust in order for a stable operation of guardianship system in the future. Therefore, we shall prevent any side effect of abuse by relative guardians and protect assets of a ward by introducing and implementing “the Guardianship Support Trust” system of Japan. If it is determined to introduce the system, we shall take every efforts to implement the system in consideration of problems in practical operations and countermeasures based on the basic ideology of the adult guardianship system.

구분건물의 구조상 독립성과 저당권 및 경매와의 문제 -상가건물을 중심으로-

홍승옥(Hong Seung ok) 한국법학회 2022 법학연구 Vol.86 No.-

민법의 일물일권주의의 원칙에 대한 예외로서 1984년에 집합건물의소유및관리에관한법률(이하 ‘집합건물법’이라 한다) 제1조에 건물의 구분소유를 인정하였다. 그런데 유통문화가 발달함에 따라 오픈매장의 등장으로 구조상 독립성을 갖추지 못하여 공유지분으로 등기하게 되어 담보를 제공할 수 없는 등 재산권행사에 많은 제약이 있었다. 그래서 이러한 불이익을 방지하고자 동법 제1조의2 상가건물의 구분소유를 신설하여, 일정한 범위의 상가건물에 관하여 구조상 독립성 요건을 완화하였다. 동법 제1조의2 신설 이전과 이후 초기의 대법원은 구조상 독립성의 요건을 엄격하게 해석하여 구조상 독립성을 갖추지 못한 경우에 구분소유권의 성립을 인정하지 않고 구분건물로 등록, 등기가 되고 이에 기초하여 경매절차에서 낙찰받았다고 하더라도, 낙찰자는 소유권을 취득할 수 없다고 판단하였다. 그래서 소유자는 담보를 설정하는 등의 재산권을 제대로 행사할 수 없게 되고 등기를 믿고 거래한 제3자의 신뢰를 해치고 거래안전을 담보하지 못하는 문제가 발생하였다. 동조 신설 이후 최근에는 구조상 독립성 기준을 완화하여, 경계표지 등을 설치(사후에 보완)하였거나 그 후에도 구조상 독립성을 갖추는 것이 사회통념상 불가능하다고 평가되지 않는 경우(사후에 보완 가능한 경우)에는 구분소유권의 객체가 될 수 있다고 하였다. 또한 구분건물이 구조상 독립성을 갖추지 못한 경우에 건축물대장에 등록, 등기하고 그 등기에 기초하여 경매절차가 진행되어 대금을 납부하였더라도 그 등기는 효력이 없어서 매수인은 소유권을 취득할 수 없으나, 이러한 경우라도 구분소유권보존등기를 마친 자가 경매절차에서 낙찰받아서 소유권이전등기를 마친 자를 상대로 그 등기의 무효를 주장하는 것은 신의성실의 원칙에 위반된다고 판단하였다. 그러므로 처음부터 구조상 독립성을 갖추지 못하였으나 나중에 보완한 경우나 보완 가능한 경우와 구조상 독립성 상실이 일시적이고 복원이 용이한 경우에 경매절차를 진행해도 될 것이다. 그리고 합동으로 인하여 구조상 독립성이 상실되어 복원이 용이하지 않은 경우에도 일괄매각 방식으로 경매를 진행할 수 있는 경우라면 일괄매각 방식으로 진행해도 된다. 더 나아가 구조상 독립성을 상실하여 복원이 어려운 경우라 하더라도 소유자가 고의로 이러한 상황을 자초한 것이라면 저당권자는 경매청구를 해도 될 것이라고 생각한다. As an exception to the principle of “one things-on-one rights” rule in the Civil Act, in 1984, Article 1 of the Act on Ownership and Management of Collective Buildings (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Aggregate Building Act’) recognized separate ownership of buildings. However, as the distribution culture developed, there were many restrictions on the exercise of property rights, such as not being able to provide collateral due to the lack of structural independence and registerd by common share due to the emergence of open stores. Therefore, in order to prevent such disadvantages, Article 1-2 of the same Act, separate ownership of commercial buildings was newly established, and structural independence requirements were relaxed for a certain range of commercial buildings. The Supreme Court before and after the establishment of Article 1-2 of the same Act strictly interpreted the requirements for structural independence. In cases where structural independence was not achieved, the establishment of separate ownership was not recognized. Even if it was registered and registered as a separate building, and based on this, even if a successful bid was received in the auction procedure, it was judged that the successful bidder could not acquire the ownership. As a result, the owner could not properly exercise his/her property rights, such as setting up collateral, and there was a problem that compromised the trust of third parties who trusted the registration and failed to guarantee transaction safety. After the establishment of the same article, if structural independence standards have been relaxed recently and landmarks have been installed (subsequent supplementation), or even after that, if it is not evaluated as impossible in terms of social norms to have structural independence (if it can be supplemented later), the division of ownership. It could be an object of the sectional ownership. Also, even if a divided building does not have structural independence, it is registered and registered in the building ledger, and even if the auction proceeds and the price is paid based on the registration, the registration has no effect. Therefore, the buyer cannot acquire the ownership, but even in this case, it was judged that it would violate the principle of good faith for a person who completed the registration of preservation of divisional ownership to claim the invalidity of the registration against a person who received a successful bid in the auction procedure and completed the registration of transfer of ownership. Therefore, the auction procedure may be carried out in cases where structural independence was not achieved from the beginning but was supplemented or supplemented later, or in cases where the loss of structural independence is temporary and restoration is easy. Also, even in the case where restoration is difficult due to loss of structural independence due to the joint venture, if the auction can be conducted in the lump-sum sale method, the lump-sum sale may be conducted. Furthermore, even if restoration is difficult due to the loss of structural independence, if the owner intentionally caused this situation, the mortgagee thinks that the mortgagee may request an auction.

HPV 감염과 연관된 다발성 생식기암 1 예

서호석,홍승옥 대한산부인과학회 1991 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.34 No.5

Recently, more than 60 types of human papilloma virus(HPV) have been identified and named, and type 16 and 18 of these have been identified in male or female anogenital tract and these are associated with approximately 70% of genital cancers. We have experienced a case of multifocal genital tract cancer, associated with HPV infection. We have proved HPV infection by in situ hybrization from patient`s lesions and we report this case with a brief review of literatures.

Sarcoma Botryoides의 1 례

나중열,허준용,오동규,이한우,홍승옥 대한산부인과학회 1990 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.33 No.10

만 14세 여아의 질상부와 자궁경부에 발생한 Sarcoma Botryides 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Primary sarcoma of the vagina, Sarcoma Botryoides of infant and children is extremely rare. This tumor is almost always diagnosed before the age of 5 and highly malignant. We report a case of a Sarcoma Botryoides with a brief review of literatures.