심층시비에 의한 암모니아 배출 저감과 보리의 수량 반응

홍성창 ( Hong Sung-chang ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

Nitrogen fertilizer applied to agricultural land for cultivation of crops is volatilized and lost into the air as ammonia gas. Ammonia catalyzes the formation of ultrafine dust (PM2.5) in the air, and fine dust including ultrafine dust is a short-lived climate change pollutants (SLCP’s). Ammonia at a high concentration in the air can act as an environmental load on the ecosystem through migration and deposition processes, and can cause a decrease in species diversity and eutrophication of rivers. Currently, fertilizer application for crop production in agricultural land is one of the soil surface application methods, mainly by spraying on the soil surface and then stirring it with the soil. When fertilizer is applied to the soil surface, the crop’s fertilizer absorption rate is low, and it can run out of the farmland by rainfall. Therefore, it is necessary to examine a new fertilization method to reduce ammonia emission due to the use of nitrogen fertilizers and to increase the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops. In this study, in order to develop a method to reduce the emission of ammonia by nitrogen fertilizers from the soil surface, deep fertilization was performed using a deep fertilization device, and ammonia emission, barley growth and yield were reviewed. As for the treatment, conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were applied. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate of barley, and the deep fertilization of the three elements N, P, K was applied. Ammonia was collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and ammonia was quantified by the indole phenol blue method. Ammonia by basal application was emitted for about 60 days from about 3 days after fertilization in conventional fertilization, but was not emitted from deep fertilization. Barley plant height, leaf number, and fresh weight were enhancer in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. For the growth of barley, deep fertilization treatment maintained a better condition than conventional fertilization until the panicle initiation stage, and an increase in production is expected. In conclusion, rather than the current fertilization method of spraying on the soil surface and mixing with the soil, it was considered as a new fertilization method that could reduce ammonia emission and increase the growth and production of barley by injecting nitrogen fertilizer at a soil depth of 25 cm.

시설잎들깨 재배의 퇴비 시용에 의한 암모니아 배출량

홍성창 ( Sung-chang Hong ),김진호 ( Jin-ho Kim ),김민욱 ( Min-wook Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회지 Vol.40 No.3

BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised about the impact of recent high concentrations of fine dust on human health. Ammonia(NH3) reacts with sulfur oxides and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere to form ultrafine ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (PM2.5). There is a growing need for accurate estimates of the amount of ammonia emitted during agricultural production. Therefore, in this study, ammonia emissions generated from the cultivation of leafy perilla in plastic houses were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost each at 34.6 ton ha-1, the amount commonly used by farmers in the field, was sprayed on the soil surface. Just after spraying cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost, the ammonia was periodically measured and analyzed to be 22.5 kg ha^-1, 22.8 kg ha^-1, and 85.2 kg ha^-1, respectively. The emission factors were estimated at 70.0 kg-NH₃ ton-N, 62.8 kg-NH₃ ton-N, and 234.1 kg-NH₃ ton-N, respectively. Most ammonia was released in the two weeks after application of the compost and then the amount released gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is necessary to improve the emission factor through a study on the estimation of ammonia emission by type of livestock manure and major farming types such as rice fields and uplands, and to update data on the production, distribution, and sales of livestock manure.

온도상승 환경 처리가 논토양과 용수에서 탄소량 변화와 벼 생육에 미치는 영향

홍성창 ( Sung-chang Hong ),허승오 ( Seung-oh Hur ),최순군 ( Soon-kun Choi ),최동호 ( Dong-ho Choi ),장은숙 ( Eun-suk Jang ),( Climate Change ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.1

BACKGROUND: The global mean surface temperature change for the period of 2016∼2035 relative to 1986~2005 is similar for the four representative concentration pathway (RCP)’s and will likely be in the range of 0.3℃ to 0.7℃. Climate change inducing higher temperature could affect not only crop growth and yield, but also dynamics of carbon in paddy field. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on the carbon dynamics in paddy soil and rice growth. In order to control the elevated temperatures, the experiments were set up as the small scale rectangular open top chambers (OTCs) of 1 m (width)×1 m (depth)×1 m (height) (Type 1), 1 m (W)×1 m (D)×1.2 m (H) (Type 2), and 1 m (W)×1 m (D)×1.4 m (H) (Type 3). The average temperatures of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 from July 15 to October 30 were higher than the ambient temperatures at 0.4℃, 0.5℃, and 0.9℃, respectively. For the experiment, Wagner’s pots (1/2,000 area) were placed inside chambers. The pots were filled with loamy soil, and chemical fertilizer and organic compost were applied as recommended after soil test. The pots were flooded with agricultural water and rice (Shindongjin-byeo) was planted. It was observed that TOC (total organic carbon) of the water increased by the elevated temperatures and the trend continued until the late growth stage of the rice. Soil TOC contents were reduced by the elevated temperatures. C/N ratios of the rice plant decreased by the elevated temperature treatments. Thus, it was assumed that the elevated temperatures induced to decompose soil organic matter. Elevated temperatures significantly increased the culm length (P<0.01) and culm weight (P<0.05) of rice, but the number and weight of rice panicle did not showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it was suggested that the elevated temperatures had an effect on changes of soil and water carbons under the possible future climate change environment.

무인항공사진측량을 이용한 농경지도 제작 품질 개선

홍성창(Sung-Chang Hong),이병환(Byung-Hwan Lee),장세진(Se-Jin Jang),박영훈(Young-Hoon Park) 대한공간정보학회 2015 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

본 논문은 무인항공사진측량을 이용하여 농경지도(Farm Map)의 최신성을 향상시키고 고품질 농업통계 정보를 확보하기 위한 방법을 연구하였다. 무인항공기로부터 취득된 영상자료를 처리하여 고정밀 DSM(수치표면모델)과 정사영상을 제작하고 이를 기반으로 고품질 농경지도를 구축하였다. 실험 결과 DSM과 정사영상의 위치 정확도는 X방향 1.4㎝, Y방향 2.9㎝, Z방향 1.7㎝의 표준편차로 대축척 농경지도 제작에 활용 가능성을 보였으며, 고해상도 영상을 사용함으로서 농경지 분류 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 향후 농지정보의 최신성, 경제성 등을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 전국 각지의 농업통계 표본지역을 무인항공기를 이용하여 제작 한다면 농업현황정보 및 경지면적 추출의 정확도를 개선하고 신속한 농경지도 갱신이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

연구단보 : 건조 및 저장조건에 따른 쌀 저장단백질의 변화양상

신평균 ( Pyung Gyun Shin ),장안철 ( An Cheol Chang ),홍성창 ( Seong Chang Hong ),이기상 ( Ki Sang Lee ),이금희 ( Keum Hee Lee ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2008 한국환경농학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Quality of rice grain changes during dry storage with internal physiological changes and external injury by organism. Storage rice changes by condition with respiration via variable temperature, hydrolysis enzyme reaction, lipid peroxidation occurs with change of palatability. During dry storage, physiological change with protein variation pattern was examined by image analysis on proteomic technology. Analysis revealed that protein activity had no change store at room temperature and store at 40℃, but decreased store at 60℃. Analysis of variable hydrophobic protein pattern revealed that protein activity of beta-tubulin, protein disulfide isomerase, vacuolar ATPase b subunit, globulin was not significantly decreased all dry and store condition. However, heat shock protein 70, and glutathione transferase was significantly decreased when rice dried at 60℃ compared with room temperature and 40℃ dry condition.

다공성 촉매 분리막을 이용한 수증기 개질 반응 특성 연구

홍성창 ( Sung Chang Hong ),이상문 ( Sang Moon Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구에서는 Ni metal foam 플레이트의 수증기 개질반응 및 표면 특성을 조사하였다. 전처리를 통하여 Ni의 산화상태를 변화시킬 수 있었으며, 활성 site로서 표면에 노출된 metallic Ni 종은 수증기 개질 반응활성에 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 Ni metal foam 플레이트의 기공제어 및 촉매 기능을 부여하기 위하여 Ni metal foam 플레이트와 Ni-YSZ 촉매를 혼합하여 다공성 촉매 분리막을 제조하였다. SEM 분석 결과 metal foam 플레이트의 기공을 제어할 수 있었으며, 표면에 Ni-YSZ 촉매는 고르게 잘 분포되어 있었다. Ni 기반 다공성 촉매 분리막은 공간속도에 상관없이 상용촉매와 유사한 수증기 개질 활성을 가진다. In this study, steam reforming reaction and surface characteristics of Ni metal foam plate were investigated. Valence state of Ni could be changed by pretreatment, and metallic Ni species exposed on surface as a active site play important role in steam reforming reaction. Porous catalytic membrane also was prepared by mixing of Ni metal foam plate and Ni-YSZ catalyst to control the pore size and assign the catalytic function in Ni metal foam plate. In SEM analysis results, Pore size of Ni metal foam plate could be controlled and Ni-YSZ catalyst well dispersed on surface. Ni based porous catalytic membrane had a similar steam reforming activity regardless of space velocity.

벼 광합성과 수량에 미치는 TiO₂ 처리 효과

홍성창(Seung-Chang Hong),신평균(Pyung-Gyun Shin),장안철(An-Cheol Chang),김상효(Sang-Hyo Kim),이기상(Ki-Sang Lee),이철원(Chul-Won Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2006 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2006 No.5

CaCO₃ 를 함유한 폐제지슬러지를 이용한 SO₂ 의 배출제어

홍성창(Sung Chang Hong),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),김영훈(Young Hun Kim) 大韓環境工學會 1996 대한환경공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

논 토양에서 몇가지 질소질 비료의 암모니아 배출량

홍성창 ( Hong Sung-chang ),김진호 ( Kim Jin-ho ) 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2023 No.0

질소는 작물의 성장과 발육에 반드시 필요한 성분으로 농작물 재배를 위해 반복적으로 사용되는 필수적인 양분이다. 질소비료에서 유래하는 암모니아는 질소산화물, 황산화물과 작용하여 초미세먼지(PM2.5)의 생성을 촉매하는 것으로 알려져 있고 질소질 비료의 과다한 사용은 질소성기체와 온실가스 배출, 주변 수계로의 질산성질소 배출 등으로 농업생태계에 악영향을 줄 수 있다. 현재 농업현장에서 질소질 비료를 살포하는 방법은 토양 표면에 살포 후 로터리작업, 써레질 작업등으로 토양입자와 균일하게 혼합하여 주는 것이다. 그러나 이 방법은 살포한 질소성분의 12~18% 정도가 암모니아(NH₃) 기체로 휘산되어 공기 중으로 손실되는 문제점이 있다. 상대적으로 논 토양에서 토양 속 깊이 환원층에 질소비료를 시용하는 심층시비는 암모니아의 배출을 줄일 수 있는 시비방법으로 유망하다. 질소질 비료에서 유래하는 암모니아 배출을 줄일 수 있는 시비방법을 개발하기 위하여 현재 농업현장에서 널리 사용중인 몇 가지 질소질 비료의 암모니아 기체 배출량을 산정하였다. 처리내용은 요소, 복합비료, 황산암모늄, 질산암모늄으로 구성하였다. 시비방법은 현재 관행적으로 시행되고 있는 표면살포 후 토양과 혼합하는 토양표면 살포법을 적용하였다. 시비량은 질소성분 2 g을 각각 처리하였고 암모니아기체의 포집 및 정량을 위해 수직형 윈드터널챔버를 제작하여 사용하였다. 하부의 포트는 투명 아크릴 소재로 직경 17 cm × 높이 50 cm로 1/3000 a의 토양무게와 200 ㎠의 표면적을 나타냈다. 포트 상부에는 직경 17 cm × 높이 100 cm의 수직형 윈드터널을 제작하여 설치하였고 풍속은 0.7 m/sec, 분취 유량은 2 liter/min, 포집 용액은 0.5% boric acid로 일일 24시간 동안 중단 없이 연속적으로 포집하여 Indophenol blue 분석법으로 정량분석하였다. 처리 후 30일간 측정된 암모니아의 배출량은 요소비료 45.5 kg·ha^-1, 황산암모늄 24.6 kg·ha^-1, 복합비료 23.4 kg·ha^-1, 질산암모늄 16.3 kg·ha^-1로 산정되었다. 결론적으로 논 토양에서 암모니아 배출량은 요소, 황산암모늄, 복합비료, 질산암모늄 순으로 높았으며 다양한 시비방법 개선을 통해 질소질 비료에서 유래되는 암모니아의 배출을 줄일 수 있는 다양한 기술개발이 필요하다고 판단되었다.

새만금 간척지 지역 공기 중 암모니아 농도의 연간 분포

홍성창 ( Sung-chang Hong ),김민욱 ( Min-wook Kim ),김진호 ( Jin-ho Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회지 Vol.40 No.4

BACKGROUND: More recently, it has been shown that atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) plays a primary role in the formation of secondary particulate matter by reacting with the acidic species, e.g. SO₂, NOx, to form PM2.5 aerosols in the atmosphere. The Jeonbuk region is an area with high concentration of particulate matter. Due to environmental changes in the Saemangeum reclaimed land with an area of 219 ㎢, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of the particulate matter and atmospheric ammonia in the Jeonbuk region. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atmospheric ammonia concentrations were measured from June 2020 to May 2021 using a passive sampler and CRDS analyzer. Seasonal and annual atmospheric ammonia concentration measured using passive sampler was significantly lower in Jangjado (background concentration), and the concentration ranged from 11.4 ㎍/㎥ to 18.2 ㎍/㎥. Atmospheric ammonia concentrations in Buan, Gimje, Gunsan, and Wanju regions did not show a significant difference, although there was a slight seasonal difference. The maximum atmospheric ammonia concentration measured using the CRDS analyzer installed in the IAMS near the Saemangeum reclaimed land was 51.5 ㎍/㎥ in autumn, 48.0 ㎍/㎥ in summer, 37.6 ㎍ /㎥ in winter, and 32.7 ㎍/㎥ in spring. The minimum concentration was 4.9 ㎍/㎥ in spring, 4.2 ㎍/㎥ in summer, and 3.5 ㎍/㎥ in autumn and winter. The annual average concentration was 14.6 ㎍/㎥. CONCLUSION(S): Long term monitoring of atmospheric ammonia in agricultural areas is required to evaluate the formation of fine particulate matter and its impact on the environment. In addition, continuous technology development is needed to reduce ammonia emitted from farmland.