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발광박테리아를 이용한 생물감시장치의 페놀에 대한 독성반응
이길수,왕창근,홍금용,이정원 대한환경공학회 2018 대한환경공학회지 Vol.40 No.10
The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of phenol toxicity of Vibrio fischeri using MicroToxⓇ CTM. A continuous flow system for biomonitoring tool has been used to assess the toxicity of phenol. The bioluminescence inhibition of different dillutions of phenol (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L) with deionized water for reference was evaluated from 3.5 to 97.4% and the EC20 and EC50 from inhibition curve were estimated in 1.7 and 2.2 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the bioluminescence inhibition of mixtures of phenol (2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 mg/L) with effluent wastewater for reference was evaluated from 5.4 to 99.2% and the EC20 and EC50 from inhibition curve were estimated in 2.9 and 4.4 mg/L, respectively. Using MicroToxⓇ CTM provides a simple, rapid and sensitive method for accessing the toxic risks posed by phenol to aquatic ecosystems and has practical applications for municipal and industrial wastewater management and screening of contaminants in fresh water streams and lakes. 본 연구에서는 발광박테리아(vibrio fischeri)를 이용한 온라인 생물감시장치인 MicroToxⓇ CTM을 사용하여 페놀에 대한 독성반응을 평가하였다. 연속적인 흐름에 의한 독성모니터링 시스템으로 대조구와 실험구를 교대로 주입하여 독성반응을확인하였다. 증류수를 대조구로 하여 페놀 표준용액의 주입 농도별(1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L) 발광저해도는 3.5 ~ 97.4%를 나타내었고, inhibition curve를 직선식으로 하여 추정한 EC20과 EC50은 각각 1.7, 2.2 mg/L로 계산되었다. 한편, 폐수 방류수를 대조구로 하여 페놀첨가 폐수의 주입 농도별(2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 mg/L) 발광저해도는 5.4 ~ 99.2%를 나타내었고, inhibition curve를직선식으로 하여 추정한 EC20과 EC50은 각각 2.9, 4.4 mg/L로 계산되었다. MicroToxⓇ CTM 장치를 이용한 독성감시는 페놀에의한 수생태계의 독성 위해성을 간편하고, 빠르고, 민감하게 평가할 수 있으며, 하․폐수처리시설 및 하천이나 호수의 수질오염에 대한 독성스크린 도구로 유용할 것으로 판단된다.
ASV에 의한 중금속 측정시 유기물 방해를 효과적으로 처리 가능한 전처리장치 개발 및 적용
방재현 ( Jae Hyun Bang ),박선구 ( Sun Ku Park ),박성호 ( Sung Ho Park ),홍금용 ( Guem Yong Hong ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.4
As a simple and sensitive analysis for heavy metals in water systems, the anodic stripping voltammetry has a lot of advantages, compared with other heavy metal analyses. This analysis method, however, is interfered by organic compounds in the matrix. To measure heavy metals with this method more accurately, it is necessary to perform a proper pre-treatment to break off the bond between organic compounds and heavy metals. In this study, interference effects of organic matters on heavy metal measurements were determined, and then an instrument combining a UV lamp and electrolysis was developed and applied as a pre-treatment to remove the inferences effects. As a result, interference effects by phenol were not observed, whereas humic acid, a complex compound, had interference effects on heavy metals measurements. In the matrix of 15 mg/L humic acid, the recovery rates of Cd, Pb and Cu were 40%, 50% and 10%, respectively, at pH 2, whereas the rates were each 80%, 50% and 20% at pH 11. The pre-treatment using this instrument resulted in a decomposition rate of around 50% for each organic compound. A proper time for pre-treatment turned out to be approximately 10 minutes. This cost-effective pre-treatment module developed in this study might be applicable to various water quality analysis systems.
발광박테리아를 이용한 생물감시장치의 중금속에 대한 독성반응
이길수(Kil-Soo Lee),이승주(Seung-Joo Lee),왕창근(Chang-Keun Wang),최영균(Young-Gyun Choi),홍금용(Keum-Yong Hong) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.2
목적 : 본 연구에서는 발광박테리아(Vibrio fischeri)가 방출한 빛의 강도가 약화되는 것을 측정하는 실시간 생물감시장치에서의 중금속(Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>)에 대한 독성반응을 평가하였다. 방법 : 발광저해도 시험은 4가지 중금속과 중금속이 첨가된 폐수 방류수를 포함하고 있다. 시험 시료에 대한 독성도는 동결 건조된 박테리아(Vibrio fischeri NRRL-B-11177)를 이용하여 생물검정을 수행하였다. 시료의 pH가 나타낼 수 있는 잠재적인 영향을 제거하기 위하여 시험 전에 pH를 7±0.2로 조절하였다. 생물감시장치는 발광된 빛으로부터 2분의 단시간 내에 시료의 독성도를 측정하여 결과를 산출한다. 그 후에 발광저해도 곡선으로부터 EC20과 EC50을 추정하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 중금속 희석액을 대상으로 한 발광저해도 시험의 경우, 각 중금속의 EC20은 Zn(II) < 0.2 mg/L, Hg(II) 0.45 mg/L, Cd(II) 0.58 mg/L 및 Pb(II) 1.95 mg/L로 추정되었고, EC50은 Zn(II) 0.25 mg/L, Hg(II) 0.5~1.0mg/L, Cd(II) 1.38 mg/L 및 Pb(II) 3.76 mg/L로 추정되었다. 중금속의 민감도는 Zn(II) > Hg(II), > Cd(II) > Pb(II) 순서로 나타났다. 중금속이 첨가한 폐수 방류수를 대상으로 한 발광저해도 시험의 경우, 각 중금속을 첨가한 시료의 EC20은 Hg(II) 0.38 mg/L, Zn(II) 0.58 mg/L, Pb(II) 1.45 mg/L 및 Cd(II) 1.95 mg/L로 추정되었고, EC50은 Hg(II) 0.53 mg/L, Zn(II) 1.13 mg/L, Pb(II) 6.44 mg/L 및 Cd(II) 7.82 mg/L로 추정되었다. 중금속이 첨가한 폐수에 대한 민감도는 Hg(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) 순서로 나타났다. 우리나라의 수질오염물질 배출허용기준과 비교해서 Zn(II)의 EC20은 낮은 농도이기 때문에 방류수의 배출허용기준을 만족하는지를 감시하는 것은 적합하다고 판단된다. 그러나 그 외의 중금속의 EC20 수준으로는 단위공정의 제어나 사고로 인한 방류를 감시하는 목적으로 적용하는 것이 바람직하다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 발광박테리아를 이용한 실시간 생물감시장치로 4가지 중금속과 중금속을 첨가한 시료에 대하여 독성도를 평가하였다. Zn(II)가 첨가된 폐수의 EC20은 0.58 mg/L로 배출허용기준보다 낮은 것으로 나타나 배출허용기준 초과 유무를 판별하는데 적절하다고 판단된다. 실시간 생물감시장치의 운영과 더불어 산업폐수처리시설에 대한 통합적 감시를 위해 물리화학적 분석을 병행할 필요가 있다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of heavy metals (Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) toxicity in a real-time biosensor which is based on measuring the attenuation of light intensity emitted by Vibrio fischeri. Methods : The inhibition test included four heavy metals and the spiked effluent wastewater. The toxicity of the test samples was assessed by freeze-dried bacteria (Vibrio fischeri NRRL-B-11177). The pH of the samples was adjusted to 7±0.2 before conducting the toxicity tests in oder to eliminate potential pH effects. The results obtained from the real-time biosensor that can be measuring the toxicity of the samples as a function of the emitted light. within a short period time (2 min). And then EC20 and EC50 values was estimated from inhibition curves. Results and Discussion : In case of the inhibition test for dilluents of heavy metals, EC20 values were estimated as < 0.2 mg/L for Zn(II), 0.45 mg/L for Hg(II), 0.58 mg/L for Cd(II) and 1.95 mg/L for Pb(II) and EC50 values were estimated as 0.25 mg/L for Zn(II), 0.5~1.0 mg/L for Hg(II), 1.38 mg/L for Cd(II) and 3.76 mg/L for Pb(II). The sensitivity ranking of heavy metals was in order as Zn(II) > Hg(II), > Cd(II) > Pb(II). In case of the inhibition test for the spiked effluent wastewater, EC20 values were estimated as 0.38 mg/L for Hg(II), 0.58 mg/L for Zn(II), 1.45 mg/L for Pb(II) and 1.95 mg/L for Cd(II) and EC50 values were estimated as 0.53 mg/L for Hg(II), 1.13 mg/L for Zn(II), 6.44 mg/L for Pb(II) and 7.82 mg/L for Cd(II). The sensitivity ranking of the spiked effluent wastewater was in order as Hg(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II). Compared to the Emssion Limit Value (ELV) in Korea, the EC20 value of Zn(II) was found to be lower than ELV so that it was suitable for screening of Zn(II) as to meet the criteria of effluent wastewater. However, the other EC20 value of heavy metals can be used to control the unit processes and avoid accidental discharge. Conclusions : The assessment of the toxicity of four heavy metals and spiked samples with them was performed in this study, by real-time biosensor using bioluminescent bacteria. The EC20 value of the spiked sample with Zn(II) has been found to be 0.58 mg/L lower than its ELV so that it was considered as a suitable screening for determining whether or not to exceed the permissible limit value. The use of real-time biosensor is required in combination with physicochemical analyses for an integrated screening of the industrial effluent properties.