특별기고 - 통합적 환경관리체계 구축을 위한 국내 적용방향

한상운,Han, Sang-Un 환경보전협회 2010 환경정보 Vol.32 No.388

회원작품 - 이태원 소방파출소

한상운,Han, Sang-Un 대한건축사협회 1996 건축사 Vol.1996 No.2

회원작품 - 변산반도국립공원사무소

한상운,이수일,Han, Sang-Un,Lee, Su-Il 대한건축사협회 2016 건축사 Vol.2016 No.1

회원작품 - 오륜교회

한상운,Han, Sang-Un 대한건축사협회 2005 건축사 Vol.2005 No.4

임플랜트 고정체의 형태와 연결방식에 따른 임플랜트 및 지지조직의 응력분포

한상운,박하옥,양홍서,Han Sang-Un,Park Ha-Ok,Yang Hong-So 대한치과보철학회 2004 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Purpose: Four finite element models were constructed in the mandible having a single implant fixture connected to the first premolar-shaped superstructure, in order to evaluate how the shape of the fixture and the implant-abutment connection would influence the stress level of the supporting tissues fixtures, and prosthethic components. Material and methods : The superstructures were constructed using UCLA type abutment, ADA type III gold alloy was used to fabricate a crown and then connected to the fixture with an abutment screw. The models BRA, END , FRI, ITI were constructed from the mandible implanted with Branemark, Endopore, Frialit-2, I.T.I. systems respectively. In each model, 150 N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 150 N of $40^{\circ}$ oblique load was placed on the buccal cusp. The displacement and stress distribution in the supporting tissues and the other components were analysed using a 2-dimensional finite element analysis . The maximum stress in each reference area was compared. Results : 1. Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, the maximum stress was larger in the implant, superstructure and supporting tissue, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. 2. In the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 3. In the superstructure and implant/abutment interface, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 4. In the implant fixture, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 5 The stress was more evenly distributed in the bone/implant interface through the FRI of trapezoidal step design. Especially Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, The maximum stress was smallest in the bone/implant interface. 6. In the implant and superstructure and supporting tissue, the maximum stress occured at the crown loading point through the ITI. Conclusion: The stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by shape of a fixture and implant-abutment connection. The magnitude of maximum stress was reduced with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) in the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue. Trapezoidal step design of FRI showed evenly distributed the stress at the bone/implant interface.

치조골 폭경과 임플랜트 고정체의 직경에 따른 지지조직의 응력분포

한상운,방몽숙,양홍서,박상원,박하옥,임현필,Han, Sang-Un,Vang, Mong-Sook,Yang, Hong-So,Park, Sang-Won,Park, Ha-Ok,Lim, Hyun-Pil 대한치과보철학회 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Statement of problem: The cumulative success rate of wide implant is still controversial. Some previous reports have shown high success rate, and some other reports shown high failure rate. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze, and compare the biomechanics in wide implant system embeded in different width of crestal bone under different occlusal forces by finite element approach. Material and methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were created based on tracing of CT image of second premolar section of mandible with one implant embedded. One standard model (6mm-crestal bone width, 4.0mm implant diameter central position) was created. Varied crestal dimension(4, 6, 8 mm), different diameter of implants(3.3, 4.0, 5.5, 6.0mm), and buccal position implant models were generated. A 100-N vertical(L1) and 30 degree oblique load from lingual(L2) and buccal(L3) direction were applied to the occlusal surface of the crown. The analysis was performed for each load by means of the ANSYS V.9.0 program. Conclusion: 1. In all cases, maximum equivalent stress that applied $30^{\circ}$ oblique load around the alveolar bone crest was larger than that of the vertical load. Especially the equivalent stress that loaded obliquely in buccal side was larger. 2. In study of implant fixture diameter, stress around alveolar bone was decreased with the increase of implant diameter. In the vertical load, as the diameter of implant increased the equivalent stress decreased, but equivalent stress increased in case of the wide implant that have a little cortical bone in the buccal side. In the lateral oblique loading condition, the diameter of implant increased the equivalent stress decreased, but in the buccal oblique load, there was not significant difference between the 5.5mm and 6.0mm as the wide diameter implant. 3. In study of alveolar bone width, equivalent stress was decreased with the increase of alveolar bone width. In the vertical and oblique loading condition, the width of alveolar bone increased 6.0mm the equivalent stress decreased. But in the oblique loading condition, there was not a difference equivalent stress at more than 6.0mm of alveolar bone width. 4. In study of insertion position of implant fixture, even though the insertion position of implant fixture move there was not a difference equivalent stress, but in the case of little cortical bone in the buccal side, value of the equivalent stress was most unfavorable. 5. In all cases, it showed high stress around the top of fixture that contact cortical bone, but there was not a portion on the bottom of fixture that concentrate highly stress and play the role of stress dispersion. These results demonstrated that obtaining the more contact from the bucco-lingual cortical bone by installing wide diameter implant plays an important role in biomechanics.

회원작품 - 서부소방서 리노베이션

한상운,Han, Sang-Un 대한건축사협회 2002 건축사 Vol.2002 No.2

지하수 공공성을 고려한 지하수 관리체계 개선방안

한상운(Han, Sang-Un) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2021 환경법과 정책 Vol.27 No.-

이 논문에서는 지하수 공공성을 강화하기 위하여 지하수 공개념이 개정 지하수법에서 도입됨에 따라 지하수 공개념의 의미를 토지공개념 등 유사 개념과 비교하여 명확히 하고자 하였다. 그리고 토지소유권의 지하수 소유권 인정 여부와 지하수의 국공유화 가능성에 관한 민사법상의 법리논쟁을 검토하였다. 즉 지하수 공개념의 연장선에서 지하수 국공유화 또는 지하수의 사적 소유의 금지는 현행법상 도입된 것은 아니지만 정책결정권자의 판단에 따라 지하수법 등 관련법의 개정을 통하여 입법이 되더라도 위헌소지가 없음을 확인하였다. 그리고 지하수 공개념의 헌법적 근거로서 지하수가 사적 소유의 대상으로 보는 입장에서는 현행법상 헌법 제23조 제2항의 재산권행사의 공공복리적합의무 규정을 그 근거로 들 수 있다. 이와 달리 사적 소유의 대상이 될 수 없다는 입장에서는 헌법 제120조를 근거로 제시할 수 있다. 판례와 관련하여 현재까지 헌법재판소는 지하수 공개념을 인정하고 있지만 토지소유권과의 관계에 관해서는 사적 소유의 대상여부에 관해서는 명확히 판시한 바 없다. 그러나 대법원 판례는 동력장치를 사용하는 경우에는 사적 소유의 대상이 될 수 없고 동력장치를 사용하지 않는 경우에 한하여 토지소유권에 종속된다고 보는 이원설 입장을 취하고 있다. 그리고 이 논문에서는 지하수 관리에 관한 미국, EU, 영국, 독일, 프랑스, 일본의 사례를 검토하고 그 정책적 시사점을 구체적으로 제시하였다. 또한 현행 다양하게 산재되어 있는 지하수 관련 법령의 내용과 현행 지하수법상의 개발이용·제한과 수질보전정책 및 관리실태를 검토하고 통합적 지하수 관리를 위한 법체계 정비 필요성 등 개선방안을 결론 부분에서 제안하였다. 즉 공적자원인 지하수의 효율적 관리를 위하여 첫째, 현재 다양한 유형의 지하수 이용을 위한 허가와 신고시설, 불용공 및 불법시설 등 지하수 시설에 대한 전수조사를 실시하여 관리의 사각지대를 해소하여야 한다. 둘째, 지하수 사용량의 50%가 넘는 농어촌용수로서의 지하수 채취·개발 및 그 이용을 합리적으로 관리하기 위하여 물관리위원회를 통한 통합적 관리체계가 조속히 마련될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 지하수 보전구역의 실효적 구역관리를 위하여 지하수보전구역 내 지하수 시설의 공공관리 전환, 수질검사 지원, 대체수자원 개발 공급 등 정책지원과 더불어 현재 2개소에 불과한 구역지정 확대를 하여야 한다. 넷째, 유역별 통합물 관리의 일환으로 유역별 지하수 관리체계를 확립하기 위하여 유역위원회의 권한과 지하수법의 연계성을 강화할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 지하수가 빗물 등 대체 수자원이 아니라 주요수자원의 하나라는 정책결정권자의 인식 전환이 필요하며, 관련 기초자료 축적과 통계 D/B화, 전문인력과 예산을 확대하여 지하수 관리체계를 고도화할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 장기적으로 효율적 지하수관리를 위하여 지하수 관련 법체계를 개선할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 향후 기후위기로 인한 물부족 문제가 심화될 것이라는 점을 고려할 때 지하수를 포함한 모든 물에 대한 사적 소유를 원칙적으로 금지하고 공적 자원으로서 지하수를 포함한 물에 대한 효율적 관리를 위한 장기적 비전을 마련하는 것도 적극적으로 검토할 필요가 있다. In this paper, in order to clarify the meaning of the groundwater public concept as the groundwater public concept was introduced under the revised Groundwater Act, it was compared with similar concepts such as the land public concept, and legal disputes under the Civil Act regarding whether to recognize the ownership of groundwater and the possibility of making groundwater publicly available were reviewed. As an extension of the groundwater public concept, the prohibition of public ownership of groundwater or private ownership of groundwater has not yet been introduced under the current law, but according to the decision makers of policy makers, it has been confirmed that there is no unconstitutionality even if introduced in related laws such as the Groundwater Act. And as the constitutional basis for the concept of groundwater disclosure, the provision of the duty to conform to public welfare for the exercise of property rights under Article 23, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution under the current law, which regards groundwater as a private property in terms of legal logic, can be cited as the basis. However, from the standpoint that it cannot be subject to private ownership, it is natural that it can be presented on the basis of Article 120 of the Constitution. In relation to precedents, the Constitutional Court has so far recognized the concept of groundwater disclosure, but has not made a clear ruling on the relationship with land ownership. On the other hand, the Supreme Court precedent takes the dualist position that the scope of land ownership varies depending on whether or not the power plant is used. Cases of the US, EU, UK, Germany, France, and Japan regarding groundwater management and utilization are reviewed and policy implications are presented. In addition, we briefly reviewed the contents of various existing groundwater-related laws and regulations, the development, use, and restriction of the current groundwater law, and the water quality conservation policy and management status, and suggested improvement measures such as the need to reorganize the legal system for integrated groundwater management in the conclusion section. In other words, for the efficient management of groundwater as a public resource, first, it is necessary to eliminate blind spots in management by conducting a complete investigation of groundwater facilities such as permits and reporting facilities for the use of various types of groundwater, and unused and illegal facilities. Second, an integrated management system through the Water Management Committee needs to be established as soon as possible in order to rationally manage the extraction and development of groundwater as water for farming and fishing villages, which accounts for more than 50% of the amount of groundwater used. Third, for the effective district management of the groundwater conservation area, it is necessary to expand the designation of the currently only two areas along with policy support such as the conversion of groundwater facilities in the groundwater conservation area to public management, support for water quality inspection, and the development and supply of alternative water resources. Fourth, it is necessary to review and strengthen the link between the authority of the basin committee and the groundwater law in order to establish a groundwater management system for basin as part of integrated water management by basin. Fifth, it is necessary to change the perception that groundwater is one of the major water resources rather than an alternative water resource such as rainwater. Sixth, for efficient groundwater management in the long term, it is necessary to clarify the systematic legal status of groundwater-related laws. Lastly, as an innovative method for integrated management of all water, including groundwater, it is necessary to actively consider prohibiting the ownership of all water in principle and preparing a long-term vision for efficient manag

유역별 통합하천관리 실현을 위한 입법적 시론

한상운 ( Han Sang Un ) 한국환경법학회 2021 환경법연구 Vol.43 No.2

For integrated river management by basin, it is necessary to unify the Department in charge and management bodies. Previously, “river” and “river water” were distinguished, and “river water” was also divided into “river water as a water resource” and “river water as an object of water conservation” and managed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Ministry of Environment, respectively. Recently, the Government Organization Act and River Act were revised. As a result, “river water as a water resource” and “river affairs” were transferred to the Ministry of Environment to lay the institutional foundation for integrated management of rivers in name and reality. However, despite the fact that the departments in charge of rivers have been unified into the Ministry of Environment, there is still the problem of changing the management of rivers according to the purpose or function of existing rivers, such as national, regional, and small rivers. In particular, it is necessary to promote efficient basin integrated management by the basin Management Committee by promoting local rivers to national rivers. This does not simply mean the integration of national and local rivers, but is very important in that it establishes the basis for water management integration by basin. In addition, since more than 60% of water use is for agricultural, the management of agricultural water under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs needs to be switched to the Ministry of Environment. The fact that the current agricultural water management is no different from the existing river management, and in principle, in order to secure the control of the Basin Water Management Committee and the efficiency of water management, the department in charge was changed to the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and other related organizations cooperated. There is a need to improve relevant laws. In addition, the management of water for dams by the K-Water and the management of water for hydroelectric dams by Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd(KHNP) should be unified in order to secure the efficiency of water management integration in that the essence is management of river water. In other words, the river management task is unified into the basin Management Committee and the Ministry of Environment, but in certain cases, the local government or related organizations such as the K-Water are delegated to handle the tasks, but under the direction of the basin Committee and the Ministry of Environment, the integration of river management can be efficiently integrated. It is necessary to prepare relevant laws to do so. In the sense that ‘basin’, the management unit for each basin, is a basic matter of basin management, the management unit should be ‘basin’, but the boundary and division should be directly defined in the Framework Act on Water Management, including not only large basins but also small and medium basins. there is In addition, as a method of realizing basin management, bottom-up basin management centered on sub-basins (or small rivers) is necessary, so it is necessary to reflect this in future legislation.

독일통일과정에서의 환경법제 통합과 시사점

한상운 ( Sang Un Han ) 한국환경법학회 2013 환경법연구 Vol.35 No.2

The North Korea`s environmental problem is a endless interesting issue because its seriousness will be burden of all after the unification despite of the truce. Analysis of currently available data viewed North Korea is facing a serious environmental problem. Unificated Korea`s sustainable development and law for environmental conservation are the most important national challenge. There are no specific cooperation examples about environment between two Koreas so far. Although there is no way to confirm the North Korea`s current environmental problems as long as they stick to the closure policy, we have to try in environmental legal perspective. One of possible attempts in environmental law is a preparation that examine how German make a integration in unification and get something from that case. In this article, in October 1990 after the historic unification of Germany, check up specific efforts for environmental law`s integration and present suggestions. Old West Germany`s administrative and environmental law system was transmigrated in a short period of time, but Old East German centralized administration needed a lot of time and efforts to adapt to decentralized new administrative system so it was not easy to overcome heterogeneity between two countries. Because of huge costs to support Old East German area, the economic crisis hit unified Germany but actually investments in expertise to do environmental conservation. It needed much time and continued investments to improve Old East Germany be a same level of West Germany. In East German ecological reconstruction manners, unification of Germany implanted East German advanced environmental legislation to East Germany and used advanced technology and capital. For 10 years after unification unified German integration of the environment concentrated on removing pre-existing contaminations. It was a temporary measurement but there was a significant environmental improvement in air, water and soil pollution. German environmental integration did not apply West German environmental standards to East German and did not implement proactive, integrated environmental policies. Both East and West German integration of the environment eliminated objective environmental gaps but did not proceed to restructure East region ecologically soundly and absorb positive effects. The unification of Germany is not a model that can be applied to other countries` unification. It`s differ from German unification in many aspects. However reviewing the process of German environmental integration, we can avoid trial and error and find a suitable alternative. This article have a importance to examine how Germany integrate environmental legislation and get some suggestions applied to Korea.