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한상도 한국민족운동사학회 2006 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.49 No.-
The relationship between Korean and Taiwanese Independence Movement Organizations during the period of Japanese invasion Han, Sang Do 일제침략기 한국과 대만 항일운동세력의 국제연대한상도
한상도 한국독립운동사연구소 2020 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.69
The interest in the Provisional Government of Korea of Chinese society was concentrated after its establishment, and then became receded. In the meantime, it revived through the heroic deed of Yun Bong-gil in April 1932, and picked up after the movement to Chongqing of the Kuomintang and Provisional Government of Korea considering the reorganization of international order and the influence to Korea after the end of the 2nd World War. This aspect related with the Chinese strategy of resistance to Japan. The interest in Korean independence movement and Provisional Government of Korea became higher and the recognition and assessment became more active due to the demand of Kuomintang-Communist collaboration with Xian Incident and the changing the line to positive fighting with the Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese society recognized that even though the Provisional Government of Korea was not qualified for national elements, sovereignty, territory, people, the government had symbolic characteristics as a Korea national representative. However, in its background the Sinocentrism was settled which understand the Korea nation to a member of Zhonghua minzu and Zhonghua culture. The Chinese society also recognized the government as the supreme command of Korean independence movement, and the party of Korean independence movement as a partner of Chinese anti-Japanese war, and through this, sought to strengthen the status of the government. The attempt to unity and combination around the Provisional Government of Korea related with the plan to secure the influence to Korea after the end of war. In other words, the China recognized the party of Korea independence movement in the government and China as a potential pro-Chinese political power. However, as the military government system of United States and Soviet union was established in Korea with the cold war system, and civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was stared, the expectation to the Provisional Government of Korea as a security to secure the influence to Korea became a mirage 중국사회의 임정에 대한 관심은 수립 직후에 집중되었다가, 점차 옅어져 갔다. 그러다가 1932년 4월 윤봉길 의거로 관심이 되살아났으며, 1940년 중국 국민당정부 및 임정이 重慶으로 이동한 뒤, 국제질서의 재편성 및 제2차 세계대전 종전 후 한반도에 대한 영향력 확보 등이 고려되면서, 임정에 대한 관심 또한 높아졌다. 대체로 언론매체를 중심으로 한 사회 일반에서는 ‘한민족의 대표’라는 상징성을 평가하였고, 국내외 한인을 다스리는 정부로서의 역할도 긍정하고 기대감도 가졌다. 하지만 그 배경에는 한민족을 중화민족 및 중화문화 체계의 일원으로 포괄시켜 파악하는 중화의식이 자리잡고 있었음이 시사된다. 또 임정을 한인독립운동의 최고지휘부로 자리매김하였고, 한인독립운동 진영을 중국항일전쟁의 파트너로 설정한 다음, 그 구심점으로서 임정의 위상을 강화시키고자 하였는데, 이 같은 임정 중심의 단결과 통합 시도는 종전 후 한반도에 대한 영향력 확보를 위한 구상과도 연계되어 있었다. 하지만 미·소 군정체제의 도래와 國共內戰의 발발로, 한반도에 대한 영향력 확보를 위한 담보로 평가했던 임정에 대한 기대를 거둬들여야 했던 것이다.
3‧1운동 직후 ≪自由晨鍾報≫ 간행을 통해 본 국내 독립운동계의 동향
한상도 한국근현대사학회 2010 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.52 No.-
In this article, I examined the trend of the Korean domestic independence movement in the middle and latter half of 1919 through an underground press, “Jayoosinjongbo” which was published right after the March 1 Independence Movement. I could make sure that its 4th edition was published after July of 1919. And considering its 7th edition was published on the 9th of September, we can know that it was published 3 times (the 5th, 6th and 7th edition) for about 50 days (from early August till the 19th of September). And as the 12th edition was published on the 6th of October, the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th edition were published in a short period of time between the 19th of September and 5th of October. Therefore we recognize that it was not published on a regular basis. It is made sure that its publication work was started early in June, 1919 and from that time till the 28th of October 16 editions were published. It is suggested that student groups of Joongang High School and Baejae High School were likely to participate in its publication and distribution jointly. It seems that the student group of Baejae High School was likelier to assume its publication from the 1st through the 6th edition and the student group of Joongang High School assume its publication from the 7th edition. Also we could get a sense of students’ great interest in the international situation through the articles related to the international situation including Paris Peace Conference. And it seems that the news about the international situation was transmitted to Korea by “The Independent”, the organ of the government-in-exile based in Shanghai, “Shinhanminbo” published by Daehaningookminhoi (The Great Korean National Congress) in America and foreign newspapers (written in English or Japanese) to which foreigners including American Christian missionaries in Korea subscribed. And it seems that foreigners in Korea transmitted some news directly to them. Together with this, it is made sure that the news that had been transmitted to the Korean government-in-exile in Shanghai and the Korean independence activist camp in the shape of the message of a telegram was transmitted to Korea again, and occasionally it was put out in the press. In this article, I examined the trend of the Korean domestic independence movement in the middle and latter half of 1919 through an underground press, “Jayoosinjongbo” which was published right after the March 1 Independence Movement. I could make sure that its 4th edition was published after July of 1919. And considering its 7th edition was published on the 9th of September, we can know that it was published 3 times (the 5th, 6th and 7th edition) for about 50 days (from early August till the 19th of September). And as the 12th edition was published on the 6th of October, the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th edition were published in a short period of time between the 19th of September and 5th of October. Therefore we recognize that it was not published on a regular basis. It is made sure that its publication work was started early in June, 1919 and from that time till the 28th of October 16 editions were published. It is suggested that student groups of Joongang High School and Baejae High School were likely to participate in its publication and distribution jointly. It seems that the student group of Baejae High School was likelier to assume its publication from the 1st through the 6th edition and the student group of Joongang High School assume its publication from the 7th edition. Also we could get a sense of students’ great interest in the international situation through the articles related to the international situation including Paris Peace Conference. And it seems that the news about the international situation was transmitted to Korea by “The Independent”, the organ of the government-in-exile based in Shanghai, “Shinhanminbo” published by Daehaningookminhoi (The Great Korean National Congress) in America and foreign newspapers (written in English or Japanese) to which foreigners including American Christian missionaries in Korea subscribed. And it seems that foreigners in Korea transmitted some news directly to them. Together with this, it is made sure that the news that had been transmitted to the Korean government-in-exile in Shanghai and the Korean independence activist camp in the shape of the message of a telegram was transmitted to Korea again, and occasionally it was put out in the press.