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한명식,양인재,김광명,Han, Myung-Sik,Yang, In-Jae,Kim, Kwang-Myung 한국터널지하공간학회 2002 터널기술 Vol.4 No.4
터널을 설계함에 있어서 굴착방법이나 지보패턴을 결정할 때 어려움을 겪는 주된 요인은 현지 지반에 작용하는 응력조건 및 암반상태를 정확히 파악하는데 한계가 있기 때문이다. 현장 장비의 제약, 터널을 굴착 위치까지 접근성이 난이함 등의 기술적인 제약뿐만 아니라 최근에는 민원이나 각종 인허가 등으로 더욱 많은 제약요건이 존재한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근들어 대안설계나 턴키설계를 통하여 직접적인 시추에 의존하지 않더라도 미지의 산악터널구간에 대한 지반정보를 획득할 수 있는 고급화된 물리탐사기술이 눈부시게 발전하는 추세이며 이를 통하여 터널굴착구간의 암반에 대한 직 간접적인 지반정보를 입수할 수 있다. 인공신경망 (ANN)의 장점은 이러한 적은 양의 지반정보와 생물학적인 로직화 과정을 통하여 입력변수에 대한 보다 신뢰성있는 결과를 제공하여 준다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 미지의 터널굴착구간에 대한 예비 지반정보를 입력항목으로 하여 인공신경망의 오류역전파 학습알고리즘기법에 의하여 학습된 패턴을 가지고 미지의 터널굴착구간에 대한 예비 암반분류 (RMR)를 수행하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 연장 4km에 달하는 ${\triangle}{\triangle}$터널현장에 대한 인공신경망 모형적용시 입력자료에 대한 적정성을 사전 평가하였고, 그 이후에 물리탐사자료를 입력변수로 활용하여 미지의 터널구간에 대한 RMR을 예측하였다. 그 결과 자료의 일치성이나 예측 RMR에 대한 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 향후에는 학습효과를 높이기 위한 입력변수의 민감도 분석 (sensitivity analysis)수행 및 모델과정에서 노출된 몇가지 문제점 보완등을 통하여 설계에 적극적으로 활용하고자 한다. Most of the problems in dealing with the tunnel construction are the uncertainties and complexities of the stress conditions and rock strengths in ahead of the tunnel excavation. The limitations on the investigation technology, inaccessibility of borehole test in mountain area and public hatred also restrict our knowledge on the geologic conditions on the mountainous tunneling area. Nevertheless an extensive and superior geophysical exploration data is possibly acquired deep within the mountain area, with up to the tunnel locations in the case of alternative design or turn-key base projects. An appealing claim in the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) is that they give a more trustworthy results on our data based on identifying relevant input variables such as a little geotechnical information and biological learning principles. In this study, error back-propagation algorithm that is one of the teaching techniques of ANN is applied to presupposition on Rock Mass Ratings (RMR) for unknown tunnel area. In order to verify the applicability of this model, a 4km railway tunnel's field data are verified and used as input parameters for the prediction of RMR, with the learned pattern by error back propagation logics. ANN is one of basic methods in solving the geotechnical uncertainties and helpful in solving the problems with data consistency, but needs some modification on the technical problems and we hope our study to be developed in the future design work.
외상에 의한 후복막 출혈환자에서 발생한 복부구획증후군을 침상 옆 백선 근막 절개술로 치료한 증례
김지훈 ( Ji Hoon Kim ),한명식 ( Myung Sik Han ),최건무 ( Gun Moo Choi ),장혁재 ( Hyuck Jae Jang ),곽진호 ( Jin Ho Kwak ) 대한외상학회 2011 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening disorder caused by rapidly increasing intra-abdominal pressure. ACS can result in multiorgan failure and carries a mortality of 60~70%. The treatment of choice in ACS is surgical decompression. There are very few reports of ACS and experience in Korea. We report 12-year-old male patient who developed an abdominal compartment syndrome due to traffic-accident-induced retroperitoneal hematomas, Which was successfully treated by performing a bedside emergency surgical decompression with open linea alba fasciotomy with intact peritoneum. When patients do not respond to medical therapy, a decompressive laparotomy is the last surgical resort. In patients with severe abdominal compartment syndrome, the use of a linea alba fasciotomy is an effective intervention to lower intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) without the morbidity of a laparotomy. Use of a linea alba fasciotomy as a first-line intervention before committing to full abdominal decompression in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome improves physiological variables without mortality. Consideration for a linea alba fasciotomy as a bridge before full abdominal decompression needs further evaluation in patients with polytrauma abdominal compartment syndrome. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2011;24:56-59)
박상원(Park Sang-Won),한명식(Han Myung-Sik) 한국철도학회 2005 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this Paper, to calculate vertical earth pressure affected from several factors in case of rigid buried pipe with cohesionless backfill soil. The result from PENTAGON 3D is compared with several equation"s result such as the Janssen, Marston, Spangler, Handy"s equation. Result of study shows that vertical earth pressure of each equation is affected by backfill width, backfill depth and wall friction. And vertical earth pressure is linearly increased with backfill depth and backfill width. Marston"s equation and Handy"s equation are overestimated and FEM(Finite Element method) analysis and Janssen"s Silo equation are affected by more backfill depth than backfill width.
최병현(Byoung Hyun Choi),김지훈(Ji Hoon Kim),곽진호(Jin Ho Kwak),장혁재(Hyuck Jae Jang),한명식(Myung Sik Han) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.4
Purpose: T2 gastric cancer is tumor invading proper muscle or subserosal layer. The 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer subdivided the pT2 gastric adenocarcinoma into a type pT2a (invasion of the proper muscle) and a type pT2b (invasion of the subserosa). The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between pT2a and pT2b gastric cancers of the clinicopathological features and the prognostic factors. Methods: A series of curative operations were performed on 194 patients with pT2 gastric cancer from January 1999 to February 2006. We reviewed, retrospectively, the clinicopathologic characteristics, the 3-year disease free survival and the 5-year disease specific survival rates. Results: There were significant clinicopathologic differences between pT2a and pT2b gastric cancer in tumor size and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Both of the 3-year disease free survival time and the 5-year disease specific survival time were much longer for the pT2a gastric carcinoma patients than those for the pT2b gastric carcinoma patients. Conclusion: It is important to consider the differences between pT2a and pT2b gastric cancers for prediction of recurrence or prognosis. Furthermore, new staging of pT2a and pT2b cancer may be necessary.
윤종희(Jong Hee Yoon),김지훈(Ji Hoon Kim),곽진호(Jin Ho Kwak),최건무(Gun Moo Choi),장혁재(Hyuck Jae Jang),한명식(Myung Sik Han) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.4
A pyometra is an accumulation of pus in the endometrial cavity mostly due to obstruction of the cervical canal. It is a rare condition, and usually affects postmenopausal women. Moreover, spontaneous rupture of the uterus is an extremely rare complication of pyometra. We present a case of spontaneous perforation of pyometra, which presented as an acute abdomen in emergency and was misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal tract perforation.
위암에서 새롭게 개정된 제7판 UICC/AJCC N병기에 대한 제6판 N병기와의 비교평가
김지훈(Ji Hoon Kim),김찬욱(Chan Wook Kim),최남규(Nam Kyu Choi),곽진호(Jin Ho Kwak),최건무(Kun Moo Choi),장혁재(Hyuk Jae Jang),한명식(Myung Sik Han),이상진(Sang Jin Lee),오호석(Ho Suk Oh),최종수(Jong Soo Choi) 대한외과학회 2010 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.79 No.3
Purpose: The 7th edition UICC/AJCC TNM classification for gastric cancer has several changes from the previous edition. Especially, the classification of the number of lymph node metastases (LNM) is reorganized. According to the new TNM system, N stage was categorized to N0 (no LNM), N1 (1∼2 LNM), N2 (3∼6 LNM), N3 (7 or more LNM). The aim of our study was to compare the prognostic significance of the new (7th) UICC/AJCC N stage with the old (6th). Methods: From 2000 to 2005 a total of 425 patients who underwent curative resections with D2 and with 15 or more lymph nodes retrieved were studied retrospectively. Results: According to the 7th UICC/AJCC N stage, the 5-year cumulative survival rates (5YSR) of N0, N1, N2, N3 were 96.0%, 79.2%, 58.5% and 24.3%, respectively (P<0.001). Using univariate analysis, the N stage of 7th and 6th UICC/AJCC TNM classification, 7th UICC/AJCC T stage, differentiation of tumor, type of gastrectomy (subtotal and total gastrectomy), size of primary tumor (≤5, 5<≤10, 10<) were associated with 5YSR. However, Cox regression multivariate analysis showed the 7th UICC/AJCC N stage to bean independent factor for predicting the 5YSR instead of the 6th UICC/AJCC N stage (P<0.001, hazard ratio (HR) 1.859, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.576∼2.194), including depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001, HR 1.673, 95% CI 1.351∼2.073). Conclusion: The new (7th) UICC/AJCC N stage is a more reliable prognostic factor of gastric cancer than the old (6th) N stage.
장막침범이 없는 진행성 위암의 2년 이내 재발과 연관된 E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cdx2, MMP7 발현양상
김지훈(Ji Hoon Kim),엄대운(Dae Yoon Eom),김찬욱(Chan Wook Kim),최남규(Nam Kyu Choi),곽진호(Jin Ho Kwak),최건무(Gun Moo Choi),장혁재(Hyuck Jae Jang),한명식(Myung Sik Han) 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cdx2, MMP7 in gastric cancer and to evaluate the clinical significance of these molecules in tumor recurrence within 2 years of pT2 and N1/N2 gastric cancer. Methods: In 122 patients who underwent radical resection of gastric cancer, we investigated the association between the expression of these molecules and clinicopathologic factors by immunohistochemistry. The included criteria were pT2 and N1 or N2 (6th AJCC TNM). Results: The expression of MMP7 was significantly associated with N stage (N1 vs. N2) (P=0.011). The negative expression of β-catenin was strongly correlated with tumor recurrence within a 2-year period. However, the expression of these molecules was not related with recurrent sites. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that negative expression of β-catenin was an independent predictor for tumor recurrence within 2 years (OR 2.366; 95%CI 1.056∼5.297; P=0.036). Conclusion: Negative expression of β-catenin may serve as a significant indicator for predicting tumor recurrence within a 2-year period in pT2 and N1/N2 gastric cancer.