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경남지역 지하생활공간 중 미량 유해물질인 포름알데히드의 농도 분포 특성
하권철,Ha Kwon Chul 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.5
The purpose of this research is to characterize formaldehyde as trace toxic air pollutant in the underground spaces in Gyungnam province. Air samples of formaldehyde were taken in the three underground spaces for ten months from April 2003 to January 2004. The IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) of underground spaces were controled using central ventilation(supply/exhaust) system. The levels of GM of airborne formaldehyde concentrations in three sampling spaces were well below applicable standards, Korean Ministry of Environment, 0.1 ppm. However, some sample of airborne formaldehyde concentrations in underground spaces 'B' and 'C' were in excess of standard, due to the commercial products in shop, structural material, and the climate having high humidity and temperature. There are statistical differences in levels of formaldehyde by sampling spaces (p=0.086).
고체상미세추출법(SPME)을 이용한 건자재 중 S. chartarum이 생산하는 미생물성 휘발성유기화합물의 분석
하권철,백도현,박동욱,윤충식 대한암예방학회 2008 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3
S. chartarum, a toxigenic mould, can produce various volatile chemicals which collectively are termed microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC). To identify and characterize MVOC production, S. chartarum spores were inoculated onto sterilized gypsum boards containing 2 lbs/msf borate preservative or no added borate control. Mould growth was monitored by weekly changes in MVOC profiles by SPME on a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. MVOC were identified and confirmed using gas-chromatography/mass spectroscopy. A variety of compounds were produced by S. chartarum on gypsum board, including ketones such as acetone, anisole (the main metabolite), terpenes and sesquiterpenes, and trichodiene, pre-cursor of the tricothecene. The anisole peak was detected beginning at 15 days of incubation, and reached a maximum at 35 days incubation, and then gradually decreased. Borates were effective at preventing or reducing mould growth. Borate-treated materials appeared to be resistant to S. chartarum growth and no anisole was detected. (Cancer Prev Res 13, 212-215, 2008)
DMF 취급 사업장에 대한 매트릭스 적용 및 위험성 평가 연구
하권철,박동욱,윤충식,최상준,이광용,백도현,남택형,이재환,이종근,정은교 한국산업보건학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.4
The reduction of risk within the workplace has long been focus of attention both through industry initiatives and legislation. Exposure matrices according to industries and processes treated DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) were constructed based on KOSHA (Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency)'s 2005 exposure database which were gathered from Korean agencies of workplace hazards evaluation for business place. These exposure matrices were assessed by danger value (DV) that was calculated from combination of hazard rating, duration of use rating, and risk probability rating of exposure to chemical hazardous agents in accordance with Hallmark Risk Assessment Tool. The results of risk assessment is divided four kinds of control bands which were related with control measures. The applicability of risk assessment using exposure matrices was performed by field study and survey for high matrices group. This study found that more attentions should be paid to two industries, manufacture of sewn wearing apparel and manufacture of textiles, among 19 industries, and to 3 processes, coating, processing & mixing, and lab, among 80 processes because those were regarded as having the highest risk.
실내사무환경의 환경성담배연기(ETS)의 지표물질에 관한 연구
하권철,백남원,박동욱,윤충식,김원,최상준,박지영,최인자,김신범,강태선 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2
The purpose of this research is to evaluate indoor office environment using the concentrations of nicotine, 3-enthenyl-pyridine(3-EP), and respirable suspended particulate(RSP), which are indicators for environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) and the correlations between indicators and environmental conditions(smoking density, smoking index). The mean air charge per hour (ACH) in smoking rooms was 10.4 and most of the smoking rooms showed non-compliance withe ASHRAE standard value except only one smoking rooms. The concentrations of RSP, 3-EP, nicotine showed log=normal distributions, and became different statistically depending on smoking condition(p〈0.01). The geometric mean concentration of RSP in smoking room was 441.7 ug/㎡ that is far exceeded environmental standard(150 ug/㎡). This implies that fine particulate in smoking room should be carefully controlled considering smoking density and ventilation fate. The mean concentrations of nicotine and 3-EP were 93.4 ug/㎥, respectively. The correlation coefficients between RSP and SI, 3-EP and SI, and Nicotine and SI were 0.67, 0.84 and 0.74, respectively. The correlation coefficient between nicotine and 3-EP, nicotine and RSP, and RSP and 3-EP were 0.76,0.78 and 0.57 respectively.
1-브로모프로판의 노출 실태와 역학조사에 따른 노출기준 강화에 관한 연구
하권철,김승원,피영규,이나루 한국산업보건학회 2020 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.30 No.3
Objective: The aim of this study was to propose revision of the occupational exposure limit(OEL) for 1–Bromopropane(1-BP) following a review of the appropriateness of the standard in light of increasing epidemiological data and handling risk. Materials and Methods: The results of toxicity and epidemiologic investigations for 1-BP and agencies’ OELs were compared and reviewed through a literature review. In order to investigate the status of 1-BP handling in South Korea, data from work environment actual condition survey results and work environment measurement results were used. Results: The toxicity of 1-BP, such as central nervous system(CNS) damage, peripheral neuropathy, hematological adverse effects, and developmental and reproductive toxicity(male and female) has been reported. ACGIH recommends 0.1 ppm as a TLV-TWA value, but the OEL of South Korea stands at 25 ppm, which is 250 times higher than the TLV-TWA. Although 1-BP is a specially managed substance under the Industrial Safety and Health Law, the currently applied OEL cannot be said to be a safe level based on the results of epidemiological studies to date. In a work environment measurement in 2017, the total number of samples was 626, which were derived from 78 industries, and the average concentration was 1.173 ppm(standard deviation 2.88). Conclusions:To protect the health of workers handling 1-BP, estimated to be 780 in South Korea, it is necessary to strengthen the OEL(TWA) to a level of 0.3 ppm(lower than the 0.34 ppm with known toxic effects), which is believed to be safe as a result of epidemiological investigation. “Skin” notation should be recommended.
실내사무환경에서의 환경성담배연기(ETS)중 일부 휘발성유기화합물(VOC)에 관한 연구
하권철 한국환경보건학회 2001 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3
There has been increased interest in the health effects of the Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) as a confirmed human carcinogen. It has been known to be extremely difficult to make an accurate assessment of exposure to ETS since it is consisted of a variety of components and there are a number of labile chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain, to interpretate and to provide the data of quantitative exposure assessment to ETS in the field of environmental health. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the concentration of ETS using VOC in indoor office environments. The correlations and concentrations of benzene, RSP, 3-EP, nicotine that are indicators for ETS were investigate with smoking density, air change per hour(ventilation rate). Air samples were taken in smoking room(7 sites), smoking allowed office (3 sites), corridor outside smoking room(7 sites), non-smoking office (9 sites). The concentrations of benzene showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments. The geometric mean concentration of benzene were 23.56 ㎛/㎥(range 4.80~192.90 ㎛/㎥) in smoking rooms. 6.16 ㎛/㎥ in smoking allowed offices, 1.32 ㎛/㎥ in the non-smoking offices respectively. The ratios of the concentration of benzene between outdoor air and smoking room, smoking allowed office, and non-smoking indicators concentrations, SD, and SI were 0.82(benzene and nicotine). 0.76(benzene and RSP), 0.60(benzene and SD), 0.76(benzene and SI). It is proposed that benzene is a good indicator for ETS.
경남지역 지하생활공간 중 석면 및 라돈의 농도 분포 특성
하권철 ( Kwon Chul Ha ) 한국산업위생학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.3
The purpose of this research is to characterize airborne asbestos and radon concentrations as trace toxic air pollutant in the underground spaces in Gyungnam province. Air samples of asbestos and radon were taken in the three underground spaces for ten months from April 2003 to January 2004. The IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) of underground spaces were controlled using central ventilation (supply/exhaust) system. The levels of geometric means of airborne asbestos and radon concentrations in three sampling spaces were below the standards of Korean Ministry of Environment. However, one sample of airborne asbestos in underground spaces "C", which was used fire proofing fibrous material, was in excess of the standard. There are significantly statistical differences in levels of trace toxic air pollutants by sampling spaces(p<0.05).