Effects of Dietary Fermented Persimmon Diet on the Meat Quality of Fattening Pigs

추교문,강석남,남정만,김휘연,하지희,RASHID ISMAEL HAG IBRAHIM,박재홍,김일석,송영민 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.5

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fermented persimmon diet on the meat quality of fattening pigs. Pigs (75 kg) were grouped and housed as 15 animals per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 5% (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet. The 180 pigs were fed experimental diet for 42 d and 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were collected when each swine reached 105.6 kg of body weight. The crude fat concentration of LD was lower (p<0.05) in treatments, but the pH value of T3 and the shear force values of T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.05)than those of C. The CIE L *value (lightness) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than C, but the CIE b* (yellowness)of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than C. The composition of myristic acid and oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in C, while the composition of palmitic acid and stearic acid of treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than C in LD. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat as scores of aroma, taste, juiciness and overall acceptability showed higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in C. In conclusion, the dietary of fermented persimmon diet decreased the crude fat concentration, improved the fatty acids composition (increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid and decreased composition of saturated fatty acid) and improved the sensory evaluation of pork meat from fattening pigs.

Effects of Dietary Bamboo Charcoal on the Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Fattening Pigs

추교문,김종현,강성남,송영민 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investage the effects of dietary bamboo charcoal on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening pigs. Fifty four crossed pigs of 61.0±1.0 kg body weight (BW) were grouped and housed in 6 animals (3 barrows and 3 gilts) per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was supplied with 0.3% bamboo charcoal as treatment 1 (T1) and 0.6 % as treatment 2 (T2). The pigs were fed that experimental diet for 42 days, thereafter 10 long-issimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were randomly collected at the time the pigs reached an average weight of 110.0±5.0 kg. The carcass weight, backfat thickness, and the carcass grade were better (p<0.05) in the pigs fed bamboo charcoal than in C. The crude fat concentration of LD was higher (p<0.05) in T1 than in C. While the composition of stearic acid and arachi-donic acid was lower (p<0.05) in treatments than in C, the composition of oleic acid and linoleic acid of treatments was higher (p<0.05) than C. The physico-chemical characteristics, such as meat color and amino acid composition of LD were not affected (p>0.05) by the supplemented bamboo charcoal. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bamboo charcoal improved the carcass grade and fatty acids composition of pork meat from fattening pigs, where the composition of unsat-urated fatty acids was increased, but that of saturated fatty acids was decreased.

마늘대 사일리지 급여가 한우거세우의 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향

추교문,이호재,박정식,조희웅,안병홍 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding or garlic stalk silage on performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Feeding trial was conducted with 27 heads of Hanwoo steers and these animals were divided into two groups control(rice straw) and garlic stalk silage. Animasl consuming rice straw were fed concentrates and rice straw for 22 months from the 5 months of age and animals consuming garlic stalk silage were fed concentrates, rice straw and garlic stalk silage for 22 months from the 5 months of age. Animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage were fed 1.34 and 1.47, 1.69 and 1.74, 1.65 and 1.66% concentrates to body weight for the growing period, fattening period and finishing period, respectively. Also, animals fed garlic stalk silage wee offered 0.22 and 0.33% garlic stalk silage to body weight for the fattening and finishing period, respectively. Animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage as a roughage sources did not differ in average daily gain during the whole feeding periods. Animals of control group consumed less concentrates and roughage than those fed garlic stalk silage during the whole feeding periods. However, feed efficiency was not significantly different between both treatments. Beef yield including backfat thickness, eye muscle area and carcass weight was slightly lower in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw even though there were no differences between both treatments. However, beef quality including beef color, fat color, texture, maturity and marbling score was slightly higher in the garlic stalk silage-fed animals than in the animals fed rice straw although there were not statistically different between both treatments. Animals consuming garlic stalk silage was significantly(p<0.05) lower in shear value than those fed rice straw. Amino acid composition including essential amino acid non-essential amino acid was not different between animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage. Eye muscle area of animals fed garlic stalk silage contained slightly higher oleic aced, less linoleic acid and arachidonic acid more linolenic acid than that of animals fed rice straw only as a roughage sources. So eye muscle area of animals fed garlic stalk silage contained more mono-unsaturated fatty acid than that of animals fed rice straw and ω6/ω3 ratio was narrower in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw. Economic income was higher by 20% in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw. Therefore, It may be concluded that feeding of garlic stalk silage as a roughage sources to steers during the fattening period seems to improve meat quality, fatty acid composition and economic income.

비타민 C 및 E 급여가 한우 거세우 육의 지방산화 및 육색 안정성에 미치는 영향

추교문,조희웅,안병홍 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.4

농수부산물 발효사료가 양돈에 미치는 경제적 효과 분석

추교문,김회윤,하지희,양정모,양보석,박철진,송영민 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the economic analysis of fermented diet made of agricultural and marine by-products such as, dropped apples, persimmon shells, mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by-products, king oyster mushroom by-products and brewer's grain in Berkshire or crossed pigs. The daily diet cost were decreased by 2.16∼3.44%, 3.83∼13.35% and 7.47∼41.61% when fermented dropped apples diet, fermented persimmon shells diet and fermented mushroom (F. velutipes) by-products diet were fed to Berkshire pigs. The daily feed cost was also decreased by 1.59∼4.05% and 59.09∼66.90% when fermented king oyster mushroom by-products diet and fermented brewer's grain diet were fed to crossed pigs. Carcass prices were increased by 3.09%, 1.20∼3.40% and 1.13% when 2% fermented dropped apples diet, fermented persimmon shells diet and 0.5∼1.0% fermented mushroom (F. velutipes) by-products diet were fed to Berkshire pigs. Carcass prices were increased by 2.87∼4.19% and 41.31∼49.14% when fermented king oyster mushroom by-products diet and fermented brewer's grain were fed to crossed pigs. Therefore, fermented agro by-products diet of dropped apples, persimmon shells, king oyster mushroom, mushroom (F. velutipes) and brewer's grain was expected to improve swine farms income due to decreased diet cost and increased carcass prices in Berkshire pigs or crossed pigs. 본 연구는 인근에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 낙과사과, 감껍질, 팽이버섯 부산물, 새송이버섯 부산물 및 맥주박을 이용하여 발효사료를 제조하였고, 이러한 농수부산물 발효사료가 양돈에 미치는 경제적인 효과를 분석하였다. 흑돼지 한 마리당 1일 사료비는 낙과사과 발효사료가 2.16∼3.44%, 감껍질 발효사료가 3.83∼13.35%, 팽이버섯 부산물 발효사료가 7.47∼41.61% 감소하였다. 3원교잡종 한 마리당 1일 사료비는 새송이버섯 부산물 발효사료가 1.59∼4.05%, 맥주박 발효사료가 59.09∼66.90% 감소하였다. 흑돼지 한 마리당 도체가격은 2% 낙과사과 발효사료가 3.09% 증가하였고, 감껍질 발효사료가 1.20∼3.40% 증가하였으며, 10% 팽이버섯 부산물 발효사료가 1.13% 증가하였다. 3원교잡종 한 마리당 도체가격은 새송이버섯 부산물 발효사료가 2.87∼4.19% 증가하였고, 맥주박 발효사료가 41.31∼49.14% 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사료비 및 도체가격의 분석을 통하여 농수부산물 발효사료는 사료비는 감소하고, 도체가격이 증가하게 되어 양돈 농가의 소득에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

Effect of Substitution of Fermented King Oyster Mushroom By-Products Diet on Pork Quality during Storage

추교문,강석남,Hoi Yun Kim,Ji Hee Ha,김종현,정민섭,하장우,이성대,Sang Keun Jin,김일석,신대근,송영민 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of substitution of fermented king oyster mushroom (P. eryngii) by-products diet on pork meat quality characteristics, during the storage. A mixture of 40% king oyster mushroom by-products, 28%soybean meal and 20% corn was fermented for 10 d, and the basal diet was then substituted by the fermented diet mixture of up to 20, 50 and 80%, respectively. A total of 96 pigs were fed experimental diet (8 pigs per pen× 4 diets × 3 replication), and eight longissiumus (LD) per treatment were collected, when each swine reached to 110 kg of body weight. The Warner-Bratzler shear forces and cooking loss were significantly lowered in the treatments, while crude protein content and water holding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased in the treatments than in the control group. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), at 1 d of storage, was lower in the treatments, while texture profiles and sensory evaluation did not differ between the control and the treatments (p>0.05). The pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), VBN and meat color in all treatments were increased as storage increased. Fermented king oyster mushroom by-products diet effects on lightness (CIE L *), yellowness (CIE b *) and chroma were determined, when LD muscles in T2 and T3 treatments were higher (p<0.05), up to 7 d (p<0.05). Therefore, the results indicate that the substitution of the fermented king oyster mushroom by-products diet to swine diet influenced the quality of the meat and it may be an economically valuable ingredient.

비타민 C 및 E 급여가 한우 거세우의 도체등급과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

추교문 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.3

농수부산물 발효사료가 양돈에 미치는 경제적 효과 분석

추교문,김회윤,하지희,양정모,양보석,박철진,송영민 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

청보리 종실의 품종별(우호, 영양, 유연) 사료가치 평가

김회윤,추교문,김삼철,하지희,김종현,이성대,송영민 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

본 연구는 농촌진흥청에서 개발한 가축용 동계 사료작물인 청보리 품종별 종실 3종(우호, 영양 및 유연)을 이용하여, 일반성분 및 각종 영양학적 가치분석을 통해 사료가치를 평가하여, 국내 농후사료의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 에너지 사료인 수입옥수수의 대체 가능성을 조사하고자 실시하였고, 이와 함께 비교 할 수 있는 수입대두박(인도산)과 수입옥수수(미국산)를 동일한 조건으로 분석하였다. 일반성분 조사에서 청보리 품종별 종실의 조단백질 함량은 옥수수에 비해 높았고, 조지방 함량은 대두박에 비해 높았다. 대사에너지에서 청보리 품종별 종실이 옥수수 보다는 낮았지만 대두박 보다 높았다. 펩신 소화율(in-vitro)은 대두박이 가장 높았고, 옥수수와 청보리 품종별 종실은 유사하였다. 지방산 조성에서 청보리 종실이 대두박와 옥수수에 비해 포화지방산의 비율은 높고 불포화지방산과 필수지방산은 낮았다. 하지만, 오메가 3 지방산인 리놀렌산(18:3)은 옥수수에 비해 청보리 품종별 종실이 높았다. 구성아미노산에서 청보리 품종별 종실의 Lycine 함량이 대두박에 비해 낮지만, 옥수수에 비해 높았으며, 무기질 함량에서는 청보리 품종별 종실이 대두박에 비해 낮았지만, 옥수수에 비해서는 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 청보리 종실은 수입옥수수를 대체할 가능성이 충분한 것으로 예상되며, 청보리 품종간에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 조단백질 함량과 Lysin 함량이 높고, 대사에너지 함량과 무기질 성분이 풍부한 삼차망(hood spike type)의 유연보리가 가장 좋은 것으로 예상된다. This study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of grains from barley cultivars (wooho, youngyang and yuyeon) for substitution of the feedstuffs as corn and soybean meal. In results of proximately analysis, the crude protein concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in barley grains than in corn and the crude fat concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05) in barley grains than in soybean meal. The metabolism energy of barley grains was significantly lower (p<0.05) than corn and it was higher (p<0.05) than soybean meal. The in vitro results of pepsin digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.05) in soybean meal than in barley grains and corn, and it was similar barely grains with corn. Barley grains significantly higher (p<0.05) the composition of saturated fatty acids than corn and soybean meal, while lower (p<0.05) the compositions of unsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acidsin barley grain. The composition of linolenic acid, concentration of lysine and mineral was significantly higher (p<0.05) in barley grains than in corn, while lower (p<0.05) than soybean meal. Therefore, the barley grains is sufficient for substitution of corn. Moreover, the barley grain of yuyeon has high concentrations of crude protein, metabolism energy, lysine and minerals compared with barley grains of wooho and youngyang.

솔잎 토착미생물을 이용한 발효사료 급여가 돼지의 성장, 혈액성상, 도체형질 및 경제성에 미치는 영향

송영민,추교문,하지희,이현종,김삼철,김회윤 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구는 솔잎 토착미생물을 이용하여 제조된 발효사료 급여가 돼지의 성장, 혈액성상, 도체형질 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 평균 체중 75kg인 3원교잡종 (Landrance× Yorkshire×Duroc) 180두를 공시하여 돈방 당 15두씩 시험구당 3반복으로 실시하였다. 발효사료는 원료 사료와 미생물을 혼합 후 혐기적 상태로 10일간 발효시켰으며, 양돈용 사료에 0 (대조구, CON), 3 (T1), 5 (T2) 및 10% (T3)로 대체하여, 42일간 급여 후 도축하였다. 발효사료의 조단백질 함량은 발효 후가 발 효 전보다 높았지만 (p<0.05), 조섬유 함량과 pH는 낮았다 (p<0.05). 돼지의 혈중 Hemoglobin 함량은 T3구가 대조구에 비해 높았고 (p<0.05), Hematocrit 함량은 대조구와 T1구가 T2구와 T3구에 비해 높았 고 (p<0.05), Platelet 함량은 T1구가 T2구와 T3구에 비해 높았다 (p<0.05). 대조구의 혈중 total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol 및 Triglycerides 함량은 발효사료를 대체한 모든 시험구에 비해 높았으나 (p<0.05), HDL-cholesterol 함량은 적었다 (p<0.05). 지육중량과 지육율은 T1구와 T3구가 대조구와 T2 구에 비해 높았으며 (p<0.05), 등지방 두께는 T1구와 T2구가 T3구에서 비해 낮았다 (p<0.05). 육 등급은 발효사료를 대체한 모든 시험구가 대조구에 비해 개선되었으며 (p<0.05), kg 증체당 사료비는 발효사료 를 급여했을 때 약 2~6% 적었다. 따라서 솔잎 토착미생물을 이용하여 제조한 발효사료의 급여는 돼지의 건강과 육 등급 개선 및 사료비 절감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic from pine needle microbes on growth performance, blood characteristics, carcass traits and economy of pigs. One hundred eighty pigs (L×Y×D, average body weight=75 kg) were grouped and housed with 15 animals per pen for 3 replications per each treatment. The ingredients and pine needle microbes mixed and fermented on anaerobic condition for 10 days to make the fermented diet. The basal diet was substituted with 0 (CON), 3 (T1), 5 (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet, the pigs were fed for 42 days and slaughtered at the end of the trial to measure the carcass traits. Crude protein concentration of fermented diet on 10 day was higher (p<0.05) than that of on 0 day, while crude fiber concentration and pH were lower (p<0.05). The supplementation of fermented diet did not affect on growth performance and feed intake. Hemoglobin concentration of whole blood in T3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of CON, and hematocrit concentrations in CON and T1 were higher (p<0.05) than that of T2 and T3. The concentration of platelet was higher (p<0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3. The CON had higher (p<0.05) total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations than the treatments, whereas lower (p<0.05) HDL-cholesterol concentration. Carcass weight and dressing in T1 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of CON and T2. The backfat thickness was higher (p<0.05) in CON and T2 than in T3. The carcass grade and economy improved by supplementation of fermented diet compare to CON. In conclusion, the supplementation of fermented diet using probiotics from pine needle microbes could improve health and meat quality and reduce the feed cost of pigs.