지방상수도 위,수탁 운영의 경제적 편익 추정

최한주 ( Han Ju Choi ),류문현 ( Mun Hyun Ryu ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.-

지역산업연관모형을 이용한 수도산업의 경제적 파급효과 분석 연구

최한주(Han-Ju Choi),이은미(Eun-Mi Lee) 한국산업경제학회 2013 한국산업경제학회 정기학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.추계

골반골 골절 환자의 혈역학적 불안정화에 미치는 영향요소

박승민 ( Seung Min Park ),이강현 ( Kang Hyun Lee ),최한주 ( Han Ju Choi ),박경혜 ( Kyung Hye Park ),김상철 ( Sang Chul Kim ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),황성오 ( Sung Oh Hwang ) 대한외상학회 2008 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: Treatment and prognosis in patients with pelvic bone fracture depend on the characteristics of the fracture and the stability of the pelvic ring. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of and the relationships between fracture patterns, injury mechanisms, clinical courses, and prognoses according to the hemodynamic pattern. Methods: Between January 2004 and September 2006, 89 patients under diagnosis of pelvic bone fracture were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of medical records and radiologic examinations. Patients with confirmed hemorragic shock with a systolic pressure of less than 90 mmHg were defined as the shock group. Young`s classification was used to characterize fracture patterns. Factors relating to the clinical manifestation and to treatments such as transfusion and surgery were analytically compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.8±18.7, among which 49 (55.1%) were male. The numbers of shock and non-shock patients were 35 (39.3%) and 54 (60.7%) respectively. Eighteen (51.4%) of the shock patient had injuries resulting from pedestrian accidents (p=0.008). According to Young`s classification, lateral impact fractures amounted to 20 and 33, front-rear impact fractures to 9 and 20, and multiple fractures to 6 and 1 among the shock and non-shock patients, respectively (p=0.027). Thirty-nine (39) cases in non-shock injuries were conservatively managed while 18 cases in shock injuries were surgically treated. In the shock group, the liver and the kidney were often damaged, as well. Among the shock patients, the average admission period was 7.5±8.7 days in intensive care and 55.1±47.9 days in total, which were longer than the corresponding numbers of days for the non-shock patients (p<0.05). No deaths occurred in the non-shock group while 5 deaths (14.2%) occurred in the shock group (p=0.007). Conclusion: The factors affecting hemodynamic instability in patients with pelvic bone fracture are injury mechanism, classification of fracture, and associated injuries.

물 산업의 경제적 파급효과 분석연구

이은미(Eun-Mi Lee),장석원(Seok-Won Jang),최한주(Han-Ju Choi) 한국산업경제학회 2013 한국산업경제학회 정기학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.추계

탈회된 법랑질에서 CPP-ACP의 재광화 깊이

최한주,최영철,김광철,최성철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

이 연구는 Casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste에 의해 제공되는 Calcium (Ca)과 Phosphorous (P) 이온이 탈회된 법랑질 표면에 적용된 시간에 따라 침투되는 깊이와 Ca/P의 상대적 정량값을 평가하고자 하였다. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)와 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer(EDS)를 이용하여 Ca/P 이온의 정량적 측정으로 탈회된 법랑질 내로의 침투깊이를 계측하였다. 교정치료를 위해 발거된 제 1소구치 치관 협측면의 중앙 1/3부위에 4 X 9mm의 법랑질 window를 제외한 나머지 치관부위는 nail varnish로 도포하여 window 부위의 법랑질만 노출시킨 후, 모든 치아를 0.1M lactic acid로 7일 동안 탈회시켰다. 탈회된 각 치아의 정중앙을 장축에 따라 절단한 후 그 중 4개의 소구치 절편은 10배 희석된 CPP-ACP paste 용액에 각각 1,2,3 및 5주 동안 침지시켰고,나머지 4개의 소구치 절편은 증류수에 동일 기간 침지시켰다. 각 절편을 window에 대해 수직으로 절단하여 건전 법랑질,탈회된 법랑질 및 재광화된 법랑질의 깊이에 따른 Ca/P의 Spectrum Density Index(SDI)를 FE-SEM과 EDS로 계측하였다. 각 계측치를 Student’s t test로 비교 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Ca/P 이온이 법랑질 표면으로부터 약 1050∼1400㎛까지 침투하여 탈회 법랑질의 깊이인 1050∼1350㎛까지 재광화되었다. 2. 1주군과 2주군의 재광화된 법랑질의 Ca/P SDI는 건전 법랑질보다 유의성 있게 높았으나(p<0.05),3주군에서는 건전 법랑질보다 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05),5주군은 건전 법랑질과 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 모든 재광화된 법랑질 간에 Ca/P의 SDI는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). Many studies regarding Casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) have demonstrated the remineralization ability on the demineralized enamel surface. A question is still remained that how deep can the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ions supplied by the CPP-ACP paste penetrate into the enamel subsurface. The aims of this study were to measure the penetrating depth of Ca and P ions in the demineralized human enamel in vitro, and were to determine the amount and depth of Ca and P ions according to the duration. The amount and depth of Ca and P ions were measured by microscopic observation with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM; LEO SUPRA 55, Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS; GENESIS 2000, EDAX, USA: Linescan of Calcium and Phosphorus). Freshly extracted four human 1st premolars were obtained from the Dept. of Pediatric Dent., Kyung Hee Univ. Buccal surfaces of the 1st premolars were covered with nail varnish to form a window on the middle third of buccal surface. All of the teeth with enamel windows were immersed in a solution of 0.1 M lactic acid, Carbopol C907 (carboxypolymethylene BF Goodrich, Cleveland, OH, USA) at pH 4.8, and then incubated for 7 days. Each tooth crown was sawn in half through the midline of buccal window along the long axis of premolar. The four blocks of premolars were immersed in a 10-times diluted solution of CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) for 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks while the rests were immersed in a placebo solution (distilled water) for the same duration. Each specimen was embedded in epoxy resin, and was sectioned perpendicular to the window, using a waterUcooled diamond blade saw. The spectrum density indices of Ca and P were measured in the sound, de- and remineralized enamels by FE-SEM and EDS. The Student's t test was performed to compare the Spectrum Density Indices (SDI) of sound, re-and demineralized enamels, and to compare the differences among the durations. Followings are the conclusion : 1. The penetration depth of the remineralizing ions (Ca & P) of CPP-ACP paste is related to the depth of demineralized enamel (approximately 1050∼1350㎛). It is revealed that the penetration depth of both ions reaches full thickness of decalcification and even slightly into the sound enamel. 2. The Ca & P levels of remineralized enamels in 1, 2 weeks were significantly higher than those of the sound enamels (p<0.05). 3. No statistically significant difference of Ca & P levels was found in relation with the increasing duration of remineralization (p>0.05).

의식하 진정법에 관한 보호자의 인식도 및 만족도 조사

최한주,박재홍,김광철,최성철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

본 연구는,보호자가 바라보는 진정법의 모습과 이를 통해 보호자들이 얻고자 하는 것과 원하는 것이 무엇인지를 알고 보호자들의 높은 만족도와 능동적인 협조를 이끌어 내기 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 2006년 7월부터 9월까지 경희대학교 병원 소아치과에 내원한 신환 보호자 168명과 의식하진정법을 경험한 환자의 보호자 50명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 신환 보호자용과 진정법 경험 보호자용으로 제작하여 설문을 실시하였다. 조사결과 다음을 알 수 있었다. 1. 일반적인 의식하진정법에 대한 정보의 제공이 주로 주변 사람들에 의해 제한적이고 수동적으로 이루어 졌으며,비전문 적인 성향임을 알 수 있었고,또한 소아치과 진료영역에서의 의식하진정법에 대한 정보의 제공이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 2. 신환 보호자와 진정법을 경험한 환자 보호자 모두에서 환아의 공포감 감소에 가장 큰 관심을 가지고 있었다. 3. 행동 개선보다는 환아의 심리적 개선에 있어 보호자가 느끼는 만족감이 크며,따라서 진정법 시 행동 개선의 목적 보다는 환아의 공포감및 불안감감소에 초점을 두어야겠다. 4. 신환 보호자의 경우 진정법의 안정성에 대한 인식이 정립되어 있지 않았고,진정법을 경험한 보호자의 경우 모르겠다는 것과 불안하다는 대답이 대부분을 차지하여 경험을 하였음에도 올바른 안전성에 대한 인식을 하지 못하고 있었다. The aim of this study was to recognize guardians' desire and awareness on sedation. and to guide guardians' satisfaction and cooperation. Followings are the conclusion : 1. Information supply about conscious sedation were restrictive and insufficient. 2. Both first-visit guardians and guardians of sedated patients were interested in decrease of dental fear. 3. Doth first-visit guardians and guardians of sedated patients were satisfied with psychological improvement better than behavior improvement. Therefore. decrease of patients' fear and anxiety was essential. 4. Both first-visit guardians and guardians of sedated patients didn' t recognize accurate safety of conscious sedation.