법과 정의의 상징

최종고 ( Chong Ko Choi ) 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2006 금요학술세미나 Vol.2006 No.-

생물학적 정체성

최종덕(Jongduck Choi) 한국생명윤리학회 2002 생명윤리 Vol.3 No.2

The research of the stem cell heads toward a revolutionary development in genetic therapeutics. But we must have a attention its ethical problems. At this point, we would make a social agrement or legally contract, as like a prohibition of embryo-research for a reproductive purpose, a sufficiently informed consent of embryo donation or no financial inducements etc, .But it need more, I think, a ontological question; such like what biological self is. The Philosophical approach of Stem Cell Research shall be consider the difference between the substantial view of traditional identity and relational view of biological identity. Through the substantial view of identity, we have got a knowledge the physical entities. But we must use the relatedness-oriented Identity concept, if we take a situation on the biological entities such as a stem cell. My article will be show that the relational concept of Identity may be worthwhile for the stem cell research, because of its immunological interactions. A stem cell is a special kind of cell that has a unique capacity to renew itself and to give rise to specialized cell types. Researchers hope that the study of human stem cell will lead to a better understanding of cell function, cell differentiation, and human development. Standing in the way of research are questions about how we should use human embryos. For those who view embryos as human lives deserving of the same respect as a child or adult, research that kills embryos is no more acceptable than would be research that killed adults. For those who view embryos as a collection of cells akin to other human tissue, research is acceptable and relatively uncontroversial. Embryonic stem(ES) cells and adult stem cells have different functions and characteristics. Embryonic stem cells come from embryos formed by in-vitro fertilization of a human sperm and germ. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. In contrast, adult stem cells can be harvested from the blood, bone marrow and tissue of adults. Adult stem cells are but generally limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. It's unclear also, whether adult stem cells will prove as versatile as embryonic ones. The use of the patient's own adult stem cells would mean that the cells would relatively not be rejected by the immune system. This represents a significant advantage as immune rejection is a difficult problem that can only be circumvented with immunosuppressive drugs. There are various immunological issues with embryonic stem cells. Immunological rejection is likely to be an important problem. Little attention has been paid to the immunogenicity of transplanted fetal or ES-cell-derived tissues or to the need for immunosuppression. Overcoming the immune response must have a prominent role in the development of hES-cell therapeutics. It also means that the need for fetal and adult cells as a source of stem cells for medical research may soon be eclipsed by the more readily available and less controversial adult stem cells. It may be provable that the problem of immune rejection may also be circumvented if an individual's own adult cells can be used. But in order to solve fundamentally this problems, we must approach the philosophical understanding of a biological identity. For scientist's experimental approach could not avoid unexpected additional immunosuppressions.

기어 처닝 손실 예측을 위한 수치 해석 연구

최종락(Jongrak Choi),허남건(Nahmkeon Hur) 대한기계학회 2020 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.44 No.9

기어는 동력 전달의 중요한 구성 요소 중 하나이며, 처닝(churning) 손실은 부하 없이 작동하는 기계 시스템의 효율을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 실험의 경험식을 통한 처닝 손실이 오랫동안 분석되어 왔지만, 최근 계산 성능 향상을 통한 3D CFD(전산 유체역학) 해석이 가능해졌다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 CFD 해석을 이용하여 기어의 처닝 손실 예측을 수행하였다. 미끄럼 격자 방법과 다중 좌표계(multiple reference frames) 방법을 이용하여 기어의 회전을 모사하였다. 또한, 계면 유동을 예측을 위한 VOF(volume of fluid) 다상 유동 모델이 사용되었다. 회전 속도가 5,000rpm인 경우 실험 데이터, 실험의 경험식 및 3D 예측 방법이 잘 예측되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로 검증된 3D 시뮬레이션을 통해 기어의 구체적인 윤활 유동 연구가 가능할 것이다. The gear is one of the vital components of power transmission, and its churning loss is a significant factor that determines the efficiency of the mechanical system when it is operated without a load. The gear churning loss has long been analyzed using empirical correlations with experiment; however, computational performance has recently improved and has enabled 3D CFD (three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics). In this study, analyses to predict the gear churning loss were performed using a 1D method and 3D simulation. Two techniques for the rotating motion of the gear, namely the sliding grid technique and MRF (multiple reference frames), were adopted. A multi-phase model with the VOF (volume of fluid) method was used out to predict the interfacial flows. A good agreement was obtained by comparing experimental data, empirical relation, and 3D analysis results at a rotation speed of 5,000 rpm. From the results, further study on the detailed lubricant flow is possible through validated 3D CFD simulation.

경영자의 과잉투자성향과 이익조정의 관련성

최종서 ( Jong Seo Choi ),곽영민 ( Young Min Kwak ) 한국회계학회 2010 회계학연구 Vol.35 No.4

It has long been recognized by many researchers that managers` decisions for resource allocation may be inefficient and can destroy investor value. Managers are inclined to make empire building decisions if not checked by some tight form of governance. Empire building decisions typically manifest themselves in the forms of excessive growth and excessive investment. It has been known that by increasing firm size, managers can pursue status, power, compensation, and prestige. This problem may exacerbate with the lack of information transparency. Previous research suggests that when managers are less accountable to the firm`s investors, they are more likely to make decisions for private gain, leading to poorer firm performance and ultimately loss of shareholder value. Financial disclosures are one important means of monitoring managers to make them more accountable. Investors seek high-quality disclosures that reduce information asymmetries between investors and managers. Financial accounting information is an important source of information used by shareholders and others to monitor managers. Increased transparency of accounting information causes managers to act more in the interests of shareholders, mitigating the problem of managerial overinvestment. This study was mainly motivated by the lack of empirical evidence on the relations between the accounting information quality and the degree of overinvestment propensity in the Korean context, and inconsistent explanations on such relations suggested by several previous researches. We examine the association between the accounting information opacity as proxied by earnings management and the managerial propensity for overinvestment. It is hypothesized that earnings management magnifies the information asymmetry between the firm and outside investors and between the management and stockholders, thereby hindering monitoring and checking on inefficient managerial decisions, which will lead to increased propensity to overinvest. This study also intends to show that the earnings management motivates the overinvestment and not vice versa. A related research objective is to examine whether the overinvestment propensity is exacerbated by external financing. These research objectives aim at shedding light on one negative side-effect of earnings management by demonstrating the associations between earnings management and inefficient investment decisions, in contrast to many previous researches, which mainly focused on associations between specific motives and the evidence of earnings management under various contexts. We analyze the relation between the earnings management and overinvestment on a sample of 49 firms targeted by the Financial Supervisory Service for allegedly overstating annual earnings, and on a separate sample of 6,328 firm-years consisting of firms listed in KRX over the period of 1995 to 2008. The proxies for earnings management of normal firms are measured by the discretionary current accruals and abnormal inventory changes using the forecasting models proposed by Kothari et al. (2005) and Roychowdhury (2006) respectively. The propensity to overinvest is measured by estimating the traditional Tobin`s Q model and its modified version proposed by McNichols and Stubben (2008). The analysis yields following key findings. First, the window dressing settlement firms targeted by FSS undertake overinvestment in the same period as they are subject to the FSS enforcement action. The proxies of earnings management of separate sample consisting of normal firms, measured by both discretionary current accruals and abnormal inventory adjustments, are positively associated with the measure of overinvestment on a contemporaneous basis. Second, the overinvestment phenomena during the earnings management periods are significantly more evident for firms with greater external financing, which corroborates borrowing firms to manage earnings to facilitate external financing, which is directed into overinvestment activities. This result implies that earnings management is likely to inhibit monitoring and checking on managers by external capital providers rather than internal monitoring systems such as boards, which tends to allow inefficient managerial overinvestment decisions. Thirdly, the timeseries as well as cross-sectional causality tests indicate that earnings management causes overinvestment, whereas overinvestment does not cause earnings management. Finally, the managerial overinvestment propensity tends to be alleviated by sound governance mechanism but intensified by higher agency costs. In sum, the above results show that managerial earnings management motivated by various reasons may lead to inefficient corporate investment decisions. This suggests that discretionary earnings management by managers may aggravate the information asymmetry between management and various stakeholder groups to mislead the expectations on the future growth prospect, resulting in the distortion of resource allocations. This result provides an important implication for diverse interest groups participating in the corporate investment decisions and a logical underpinning on the relationship between the quality of accounting information and the cost of capital. External capital providers are expected to demand extra risk premium from borrowing firms characterized by less transparent information as an insurance against future expected loss likely to be caused by inefficient managerial decisions, which establishes a negative link between the information quality and the cost of capital.

LAH/LCH 주요 핵심 기술 개발

최종호(Jong Ho Choi) 한국항공우주학회 2017 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

국제수산기구 자원보존관리조치의 국내법적 수용체계

최종화(Jong-Hwa Choi),손재학(Jae-Hak Son) 한국해사법학회 2006 해사법연구 Vol.18 No.2

  본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 원양어업에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 입법조약 또는 국제수산기구의 해양생물자원 보존ㆍ관리조치를 국내적으로 수용함에 있어서 법형식적 수용체계와 내용적 수용 실태를 검토하고, 구체적인 사안별로 미비점을 분석하여 개선방향을 도출하는 것이다.<BR>  국제조약 및 국제수산기구가 시행하는 해양생물자원 보존관리조치에 대한 우리나라의 국내법적 수용체계는 헌법 제6조 제1항을 근거로 하고, 「수산업법」 제52조, 「수산자원보호령」 제27조, 「연근해 및 원양어업의 조업상황 등의 보고에 관한 규칙」, 「국제수산기구의 어업규제사항 이행에 관한 고시」, 「남방참다랑어 수출입확인요령」, 「황다랑어 수입확인요령」, 「황새치 수출입확인요령」 등으로 구성되어 있다.<BR>  국제수산기구가 요구하는 해양생물자원 보존ㆍ관리조치 내용 중 입법사항에 속하는 것으로는 합당한 벌칙의 부과, 선박검색 등의 행정강제, 불법어업 금지와 같은 행위제한, 공해어업허가에 관한 사항 등이 있다. 이들 유형과 관련하여 구체적인 내용은 VMS 장치의 장착 및 운용, 국제옵서버 프로그램의 운용, 어획물 해상전재 규제, 공해상 승선검색 및 항만국 검색제도, 어획물 통계서류 작성제도, IUU 어업 대응조치, 어선의 국적 부여 및 원양어업의 허가제도 보완 등이다.<BR>  본 연구의 목적에 부합하는 합당한 법 집행력을 확보하기 위하여서는 위임입법체계에 맞추어 현행의 고시와 함께 국제수산기구 등이 새로이 시행하는 해양생물자원보존ㆍ관리조치 중 입법사항에 해당되는 것은 법률-대통령령-부령 등의 체계에 수용하고, 고시 등은 정비함으로써 법률유보의 원칙에 입각한 법적 근거를 마련하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.   This study was conducted for the purpose of reviewing the formalities of legal reception system and the actual conditions of substantials reception in accepting and incorporating legislative agreements or the conservation and management measures for marine living resources by international fisheries organizations, related to distant-water fisheries of Korea, into the municipal fisheries laws. And this study was also conducted to draw up directions for improvement through analysis of the weak points by each individual case.<BR>  The domestic legal system for the reception of international agreements and the conservation and management measures for marine living resources by international fisheries organizations is based on Article 6, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution, and consists of Article 52 of the Fisheries Act, Article 27 of Protectorate for Marine Resources, Rules on Report of Fishing Operations in Coastal and Distant-Waters, Notice on Implementing Fishing Regulations of International Fisheries Organizations, Identification Guidelines of Exports and Imports of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Identification Guidelines of Exports and Imports of Yellowfin Tuna, and Identification Guidelines of Exports and Imports for Sword Fish.<BR>  Among conservation and management measures for marine living resources implemented by international fisheries organizations, legislation on the following provisions is requested:<BR>  ○ imposition of fine including administrative punishment<BR>  ○ administrative enforcement laws including vessel inspections<BR>  ○ regulations concerning restriction of illegal activities such as prohibition on transshipment of catch and illegal fishing operations<BR>  ○ provisions directly related to the individual rights and obligations including approval and disapproval of license for fishing vessels on the high seas<BR>  More specifically, the following details can be referred to: installation and operation of VMS, operation of international observer programme, regulations on at-sea transshipment of catches, boarding and inspections on the high seas and port state control, documentation system of catch statistics, countermeasures for illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, granting of vessel nationality and supplementation of license system for distant-water fisheries.<BR>  In this regard, it is considered that new regulations, which are not based on existing legal grounds, are required to acquire minimum legal grounds in accordance with the principle of legal reservation in that they should either be legislated as additional regulations or in the form of supplementing existing laws. In order to secure appropriate exercise power, legislations among conservation and management measures for marine living resources newly implemented by international fisheries organizations are required to be incorporated under the system of statute - executive order - ministerial ordinance. The current notification system is also required to be improved in accordance with the delegated legislation system.

國巫와 國巫堂

최종성(Choi Jong-seong) 비교민속학회 2001 비교민속학 Vol.21 No.-

This article aims to understand the characteristics of ‘national shamans’(國巫 : kookmu) and the ‘national shamanic temple’(國巫堂 : kookmudang) during the Chosun dynasty. If we consider the historical context of Chosun dynasty, it is clear that the kookmu played an important state function. Musok(Korean shamanism) was the target of Confucian criticism for being excessive and improper. Nonetheless, due to the religious sterility of newly created Confucian rituals, Musok continued to serve an important function for the nation and the royal family by seeking blessings and warding off misfortune. Kookmu was a full-time ritual specialist, performing Musok kookhangje(國行祭 : national ritual) and nahangje(內行祭 : royal ritual). A typical example of kookhangje and nahangje which were performed by a kookmu, is byolgieun(別祈恩 : special prayer to god of mountain and river for blessings). In order to control the traditional beliefs of the Chosun masses, in mountain and river gods, Confucianists readily codified national sanchunje(山川祭 : sacrifice for mountain and river gods) in the early part of the Chosun dynasty. But, Confucianists could not substitute sanchunje for byolgieun, and so the two ritual forms coexisted. By analyzing the fact that Musok byolgieun was eventually administrated by a state office, seonsuchung(星宿廳), and that it was performed in the national shamanic temple(國巫堂) by a Musok ritual specialist(國巫), we see a contradiction in the official religious policy which both prohibited and officially recognized the Musok. It was not until the elite, who reformed the ritual systems, were fully conscious of Confucian orthodoxy in the 16th century that this contradiction within the official religious system came to an end. Eventually, seongsuchung was destroyed, and the national Musok byolgieun was abolished, but the royal Musok byolgieun continued to be performed secretly inside the royal court until the end of the Chosun dynasty. Kookmu was disqualified from performing the national ritual in the middle of Chosun dynasty, she starred to lose her public function or official position. Nevertheless, there were some women who called themselves kookmu and frequented the royal palace. Nowadays, kookmu(nara mudang, nara mansin) is offen referred to as an influential and veteran shaman who makes a display of her spiritual power and influence. Although the title has been retained, today's kookmu is only nominal specialist who has no official position.

韓國法思想의 近代化 過程

崔鍾庫(Chong Ko Choi) 한국법사학회 1983 法史學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

수증기-메탄개질반응 해석모델의 비교연구

최종균(Chong-gun Choi),정태용(Tae-yong Jung),신동훈(Dong-hoon Shin),남진현(Jin-hyn Nam),김영규(Yong-gyu Kim) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5

The reformer is one of the most important chemical processes for the production of high purity hydrogen from fossil fuel. This study compares zero-dimensional model with CFD models for reaction analysis of methane-steam reformer. The zero-dimensional model is an empirical equation, however CFD model uses reactions of Arrhenius type. Because the reaction coefficients of the steam-methane catalytic reforming have not been reported before in the form of Arrhenius type, the present study aims to find the appropriate reaction coefficients. The used CFD code is Fluent 6.2 version. Several models are compared for the case of various operating temperature, mass of catalyst and steam to methane ratio.

`코스모폴리탄`으로서의 春園

최종고(Choi, Chong-ko) 춘원연구학회 2009 춘원연구학보 Vol.- No.2