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생성형 인공지능 ChatGPT의 국어능력은 어떠한가?- 2024학년도 대학수학능력시험 국어영역 문항 풀이 결과의 오류 유형 분석을 중심으로
최인찬,권도형 한국 리터러시 학회 2024 리터러시 연구 Vol.15 No.2
이 연구는 생성형 인공지능의 국어능력을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 OpenAI사에서개발한 ChatGPT를 활용하여, 2024학년도 대학수학능력시험 국어영역 문항의 풀이결과와 그 과정에서의 오류 유형을 분석한 연구이다. 이를 위해 연구자들은 문항 풀이에 적합한 프롬프트를 설계하고, ChatGPT로부터 문항의 정답과 지문의 내용에 입각한 각 선택지의 정오 판단 근거를 수집하였다. 본격적인 분석에 앞서 ChatGPT의 문항별 정답에 대한 경향성을 살펴본 결과, 문학보다 독서 영역에서 그리고 추론적 이해와 비판적 이해보다는 어휘·개념과 사실적이해를 묻는 문항에서 더 높은 정답률을 보임을 확인하였다. 아울러 문항 풀이에 대한 ChatGPT의 오류 유형은 크게 두 가지 양상으로 유형화되었는데, 문항에 대한 정오 판단의 근거를 지문 내에서 찾아내지 못하는 양상과 판단의 근거를 지문 내에서 발견했으나 지문의 의미를 잘못 구성하는 양상이 있었다. 또한, 후자의 경우에는 또다시ChatGPT가 지문의 의미를 구성하는 과정에서 축자적 의미만이 개입하여 잘못된 의미를 구성하거나, 지문 내의 정보를 결합하지 않거나 잘못 결합함으로써 의미를 올바르지 않게 구성하는 경우로 나뉘었다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 생성형 인공지능의 국어능력을 실증적으로 분석 및 고찰하고, 생성형 인공지능 시대의 문식 주체가 갖춰야 할 역할을 제안할 수 있다는 점에서의의가 있다. 이 연구를 토대로 향후에는 생성형 인공지능의 국어능력에 관한 종합적인 비교 검토가 수행될 필요가 있다. 더욱이 최근 기술의 발달로 국어 현상과 국어교육의 시차가 심화되는 바, 끊임없이 변화하는 문식 환경에서 문식 주체를 지원하기 위해 향후에도 생성형 인공지능과 관련된 담론이 촉발되고 논의될 필요가 있을 것이다. Using OpenAI’s ChatGPT to determine the Korean language ability of gener ative artificial intelligence, this study analyzes the results of solving items in the Korean language area of the 2024 CSAT as well as the types of errors found in the process. Therefore, the researchers designed prompts suitable for solving items and collected the basis for the noon judgment for each option based on the correct answer to the question and the content of the text from ChatGPT. Prior to the full-scale analysis, ChatGPT’s tendency toward correct answers for each items was examined, and the percentage of correct answers was confirmed to be higher in the reading area than in literature and in items requiring vocabulary, concepts, and factual understanding rather than inferential and critical understand ing. Additionally, ChatGPT’s error types for item solving were largely categorized into two types: one in which the basis for the noon judgment of the item was not found within the text, and the other in which the meaning of the text was incorrect ly constructed. Furthermore, in the latter case, ChatGPT was divided into cases in which only the accumulative meaning intervened in the process of constructing the meaning of the text to create the wrong meaning, or the wrong meaning was constructed by not connecting or incorrectly connecting the information within the text. The results of these studies are significant as they empirically analyze and exam ine the Korean language ability of generative artificial intelligence and suggest the role of readers and writers in this era of generative artificial intelligence. Based on this study, conducting a comprehensive comparative review of the Korean language capabilities of generative artificial intelligence in the future is necessary. Moreover, as the time difference between the Korean language phenomenon and Korean lan guage education has intensified owing to the recent development of technology, discourse related to generative artificial intelligence will need to be triggered and discussed in the future to support readers and writers in the ever-changing literacy environment.
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최인찬 安東大學 1984 安東大學 論文集 Vol.6 No.1
Post-war modern music is faced with the creation of new art, which expresses the rapidly changing and confused feeling of the times as an idea. Usually in peaceful times, art will go with go with the creative stream symbolizing peace. But political and social unrest brought such feelingsas unesiness and terror during the war. The irresistable convulsion of the new time made Europe and all of the world rush into times of uneasiness and terror. We are all exposed great dangers that we dare not predict if the nuclear missile explodes. The stream of the post-ware music is not the character of individuality from the usual main stream. The excessive liberalism of the post-war music was against the category of the idea in art to bring in the individualism. As the first reason of this phenomenon, an expected political agitation of postwar has an effect on building up a new environment, so liberalexpression of a private person becomes idealized. In consequence, it formed a new age to create the lord of a notion in the inner citadel of each person. In the second place, owing to the development of science, the machine age had an effect on building up industrial society as well as being considered as a new field of music creation. In the third place, having made desperate efforts in seeking a new music field as an experimental method, they were absorbed in composing cacophonic music. The 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional music space means a sort of a unity, namely musical idea must be a law of musical logic. But these experimentalists disregarded the law of musical logic and the traditional order of music and they were intoxicated with the self-idea as investigators, pioneers, cultivators of the music circle against such as the thinking, moving senitive reason. Man`s peculiarities: feeling of art, soul, world of proud, metaphysical spirit of loneliness and religious atomosphere were erased. A feature of homeeconomics exposed. By the action of pragmatism and realism, the result of the greater part of the post-war music to musicians of the Europe can not be prevented from depraving poor art work belittling the man and the atmosphere of the music-hall became violent. In this respect, we can not help pointing out the fact that tendency of the mate erialistic conception of history have a lot of effect. Man-material against mind, machine against man-can`t recover humanity with art and the inhuman music which a man makes with a machine and electricity without soul do not make a sensitivity or an impression but make deadness to sensitivity with a stimulus, resistance and injustice consciously were said to be the work in the limelight. It is the character and the reality of the post-war music that there are a lot of magalomaniac composers. In the fourth place, some of the composers remained faithful to originality of art in music serving their new creation with ardent zeal. As the way of an expression was different besides, it was difficult to keep conventional notation and express the sound of their individual character with the old method, so a new method of recording was created. There were a few composers who contributed to the outstanding creation of music in the compostion method of art, having a sound effect on music expression. I`ll treat three of them in priority as post-war music because it is too bulky to study all of composers. The summary about transition of post-war music is as follows: 1. Situation 1945 2. Nachholbedarf Bereitschaft Zum Neuen 3. Die ersten neuen Namen: Schostakowitsch, Britten, Messiaen 4. Geistige Widerkehr von Schonberg und Webern 5. Die Serielle Period, Punktuelle Musik 6. Beginn der Aleatorik: Boulez, Stockhausen 7. Die Pioniere der Elektronik 8. Produktive Kommunikationen 9. Auflockerung und Persiflage: Cage und Kagel 10. Situation Anfang der Sechziger Jahre 11. Das Musikschrifttum: Adorno, Ansermet 12. Mono und die Politische Musik 13. Kontakte mitOsteuropa 14. Nationalismus, Komponisten in Emigration Komponisten der DDR. 15. Bartok-Singulares Phanomen? 16. Neue Formen cles Musiktheaters. 17. Zur Verwendung von Sprache in der Neuen Musik 18. Situation um 1975 We may call the above the process of transition I`ll make a study of the colors and purposes, analyzing contents, and melodious order fro the above composers` work. Especially, I`ll try to lay emphasis on the new aesthetics and logical foundation from their thoughtful points of view, under the circumstances which are due to create a new music.
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수율을 고려한 다단계 생산라인의 Stochastic LP 모형
최인찬,박광태 한국경영과학회 1997 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.22 No.1
In this paper, we propose a stochastic LP model for determining an optimal input quantity in a single-product multi-stage production system with random yields. Due to the random yields in our model, each stage of the production system can result in defective items which can be re-processed or scrapped at certain costs. We assume that the random yield at each stage follows an independent discrete empirical distribution. Compared to dynamic programming models that prevail in the literature, our model can easily handle problems of larger sizes.
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