코로나19 상황에서 간호대학생의 대인관계능력, 전공만족도, 회복탄력성이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

최신애(Shinae Choi),유미현(Mihyun Ryu),유지혜(Jihye Yoo),박수현(Soohyun Park) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 코로나19 상황에서 간호대학생의 대인관계능력, 전공만족도, 회복탄력성 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하기 위해 수행된 서술적 조사연구이다. S시에 위치한 E대학교 1, 2학년 간호학과 재학생 156명을 편의 표집하여 2021년 4월 19일부터 2021년 4월 21일까지 설문조사 하였다. 대인관계 척도, 전공만족도 도구, 회복탄력성 도구, 대학생활적응 척도가 담긴 종이 설문지를 이용하여 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 28.0 Program, independent t-test와 ANOVA, scheffe's test, Pearson 상관계수 값, 위계적 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대학생활적응은 회복탄력성(r=.70, p<.001), 전공만족도(r=.58, p<.001), 대인관계능력(r=.51, p<.001)과 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과 전공만족도(β=.27, p<.001), 회복탄력성(β=.54, p<.001)이 대학생활적응에 유의한 예측변수임을 확인하였고 총 설명력은 52% 였다. 간호대학생의 코로나19 상황에서 대학생활적응 능력을 향상시키기 위해 회복탄력성을 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발할 것을 제안한다. This study aims to identify the influence of interpersonal relationships, satisfaction in major, and resilience on nursing students' adaptation to college in COVID-19 crisis situation. This study is a descriptive study with convenience sampling on 156 first-year and second-year nursing students of E university in S city. The survey was conducted from April 19, 2021 to April 21, 2021 using a paper questionnaire including relationship change scale, satisfaction in major, resilience, and student adaptation to college Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 28.0 Program, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Student adaptation to college is positively correlated with resilience (r=.70, p<<.001), satisfaction in major (r=.58, p<.001), interpersonal relationship (r=.51, p<<.001). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that satisfaction in major (β=.27, p<.001) and resilience(β=.54, p<<.001) were significant predictors of student adaptation to college. The total explanation power was 52%. It is recommended to develop a program that can enhance resilience to improve the ability to adapt to college life in the COVID-19 crisis situation.

가계의 은퇴자금으로서 퇴직연금의 자산배분에 대한 한미간 비교연구: OECD 패널자료 및 근로자심층면접 분석

최신애 ( Shinae Choi ) 한국소비자학회 2014 소비자학연구 Vol.25 No.4

The shift in age structure associated with aging populations has a profound impact on a broad range of economic, political and social conditions (United Nations 2002). Specifically, increasing longevity can result in growing demands for retirement funds and rising risks for lack of money earmarked for retirement years. Longevity risk, the risk of outliving retirement savings, is a real concern for retirees. In general, social security, employer-provided pensions, and annuities purchased from personal savings are sources of income that can help retirees to manage their longevity risk (Society of Actuaries 2006) because the benefits extend until death. A key challenge for consumers is to accumulate sufficient savings to finance the kind of lifestyle that is desired in retirement (Kerr 2008). The role of private retirement funds is becoming increasingly important and consumers may underestimate the importance of decision-making regarding allocation of financial assets. The major purposes of this study were (1) to compare the trends of retirement funds asset allocation among OECD countries between 2001 and 2010, (2) to examine current retirement assets and selected national characteristics including life expectancy at birth, household net saving rates, and education attainment, and (3) to compare the perceptions and behaviors regarding asset allocation of retirement plans between South Korea and the United States. This study compared the asset allocation of retirement plans using mixed methodology approach. The study used both quantitative and qualitative analysis. First, this study was concerned with understanding the asset allocation of retirement plans in six developed countries; each representing a very different retirement allocation strategy. Comparison data were obtained from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Metadata in 2011 (http://stats.oecd.org). This study focused the analysis on comparisons of allocations to retirement plans, such as 401(k) and IRAs. Second, this study conducted one-on-one in-depth interview with 14 respondents who had retirement plans to compare the perceptions and behaviors regarding asset allocation of retirement plans between South Korea and the U.S. The 7 interviewees were the residents who were living in Iowa State and Illinois State in the U.S. The interviews were conducted between March 2, 2012 and April 6, 2012 for residents in Iowa and between May 2, 2012 and June 5, 2012 for residents in Illinois. In addition to the U.S. residents, the interviews were conducted for 7 respondents in South Korea in August 2012. The interviewees were the residents who were living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. The results of the analysis are comprehensively summarized as follows. The OECD member nations this study included were the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Korea, and the U.S. The selection criteria were as follows: first, having a three pillar retirement system; second, a geographic balance among OECD countries [America, Europe (West, North, South, and East), and Asia-Pacific]; and third, data availability. Three of the most important factors to consider for managing the portfolio of retirement funds are life expectancy, education attainment, and household net saving rates. Longer life expectancy needs more sufficient accumulation of assets. Retirement tends to be the most important saving motive, making a change in pensions and expected length of the retirement period important demographic variables in saving decisions (IMF 2010). This study examined life expectancy at birth, education attainment, and household net saving rates as social and financial factors in the description of retirement asset allocation. The descriptive analysis of life expectancy at birth shows that there were significant gender differences in the pensionable years. The average level of pensionable years for women was five years longer than men. The result implies that women need more retirement funding than men. The pensionable years of Italy, Korea, and Czech Republic were longer than average of OECD while Germany, U.S., and Denmark were shorter than the average of OECD. The countries with relatively higher educational attainment were more likely to invest in equities. German household net saving rates as a percentage of household disposable income were the highest while Danish that have the shortest pensionable years were the lowest in selected OECD countries. The household net saving rates in countries such as the U.S. have been steadily low while it has fluctuated in Korea. The existing retirement programs may need to be recalibrated because Korean household net saving rates were very low even though Korean pensionable years were long. This study compared and contrasted the trends of retirement funds’ asset allocation. Since the onset of the recent global financial crisis, the percentages for equities in total investment of retirement funds were decreased in selected OECD countries except in Germany which had the highest household net saving rate (11.1%). The results indicate that the asset allocations in the U.S. were concentrated in equities such as stocks and mutual funds. In general, the expected return of equities is higher than other asset classes but expected volatility is also highest among equities. Therefore, the assets of U.S. retirement plans have been most strongly impacted by recessionary stock market conditions. As a consequence, the global economic recession may have hurt retirement prospects for U.S. citizens more than citizens in other countries. Current U.S. retirement assets may need to be rebalanced to increase financial security of retirees. On the other hand, the Czech Republic and Denmark had retirement assets concentrated in bills and bonds, and Korea had retirement assets concentrated in cash and deposits. In good economic times, those countries did not benefit as much by investing in lower-yield funds. These countries might need to gradually rebalance the funds for long-term investment with higher returns. In addition to the results of quantitative analysis, the results of the qualitative analysis with respondents who had 401(k) or IRA in South Korea and the U.S. are comprehensively summarized as follows. First, the strategies on asset allocation of retirement plans among U.S. households were different depending on the stage of life cycle. In Korea, however, it had a very high percentage of GICs (Guaranteed Interest Contracts) regardless age, gender, job, and the number of years having retirement plans. Second, U.S. households often rebalanced asset allocation of retirement plans but most of Korean households had kept the initial asset allocation when they opened the retirement plans. Third, the investment goals of 401(k) and IRA were the same but the perceptions and behaviors of asset allocation were different in the U.S., while the IRP (Individual Retirement Pension) was the additional retirement plans and was separated from employer-provided pensions in Korea. Fourth, the decision making on asset allocation of retirement plans were highly influenced by reference groups such as work colleagues, friends, and family members among Korean but were affected by information disclosure such as flyer, reports, and websites information among U.S. households. The asset allocation of retirement plans has important implications for individual, household, and aggregate social financial welfare. Through this comparative study on the asset allocation of the retirement plans in households’ retirement funds between selected OECD countries, I hope that this contribution will have direct and indirect effects on retirement policies that could ultimately benefit individual consumers, families, and policymakers.