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최기준 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2022 한국문화연구 Vol.43 No.-
King Hyojong(孝宗, r.1649~1659) ascended the throne with the task of rebuilding the collapsed national order after the Manchu War of 1636. However, the situation facing King Hyojong meant it would be difficult to carry out the task of rebuilding the nation. As soon as King Hyojong ascended the throne, public opinion of impeachment against Kim Ja-jeom (金自點) was aroused, which was the result of calls to liquidate the political legacy of King Injo (r.1623-1649). Kim Ja-jeom symbolized Injo’s negative political legacy, he was no different from the public enemy of Saryu(士類). If Hyojong had eliminated Kim Ja-jeom at the beginning of his reign, he could have received the support of a Saryu. However, the problem was that Hyojong ascended to the throne because of the political upheaval that occurred under the leadership of Injo. Kim Ja-jeom was at the center of the “Crown-princess Kang(姜嬪)’s Oksa," which was directly or indirectly connected to Hyojong's legitimacy problem. For that reason Hyojong had to remove Kim Ja-jeom in preparation for the number of various cases in consideration of political repercussions. Hyojong ousted Kim Ja-jeom under the pretext of 'acceptance of public opinion(公論)'. but nominally left him as a contributor to the late Injo. This act prevented the discussions about impeaching Kim Ja-jeom from turning into a political issue during Injo’s reign. However, in the early 1650s, the rumor that Kim Ja-jeom attracted the Qing Dynasty and put Joseon at risk changed Hyojong's perception of Kim Ja-jeom. With the majority of public opinion branding Kim Ja-jeom as a rebel, Hyojong also appeared to be aiding and abetting the groundless criticisms and demands for punishment against Kim Ja-jeom. Eventually, in December 1651, Kim Ja-jeom was executed for plotting to commit treason. While dealing with “Kim Ja-jeom‘s Oksa(獄事)”, Hyojong accused the Kim Ja-jeom of being a heinous rebel but revealed that he was a contributor to the Injo. The reason was that Hyojong did not want the “Rebel Kim Ja-jeom” frame to be traced back to Injo’s reign and reexamine the political turmoil. But, contrary to Hyojong’s wishes, there was a possibility that the “Crown-princess Kang‘s Oksa” was manipulated based on the “Rebel Kim Ja-jeom” frame, and further discussions arose about how the grudge of “Crown-princess Kang” should be resolved. Hyojong needed a contingency in case the “Oksa of Crown-princesses Kang,” intertwined with his legitimacy issue, was revealed again. In 1654, the “Kim Hong-wook(金弘 郁)’s Oksa” was an event that officially declared that he could be punished for treason when revisiting future discussions on the “Crown-princess Kang’s Oksa” Through this, discussions that could threaten Hyojong’s legitimacy appeared to have subsided for a while, but Hyojong’s “press view(言論觀)” would be criticized inevitably. Thus, discussions over the legitimacy of Hyojong could be raised at any time.