한국산 냉수성 어류 새미 (잉어목, 잉어과)의 분포현황 및 멸종위협평가

최광식 ( Kwang-seek Choi ),배양섭 ( Yang-seop Bae ),고명훈 ( Myeong-hun Ko ) 한국어류학회 2022 한국어류학회지 Vol.34 No.1

A distribution survey was conducted from March to August 2021 to evaluate the distribution status, habitat characteristics, and threat of extinction of the Korean cold-water fish Ladislabia taczanowskii Dybowski (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Historical distribution reports were divided into 1997~2005, 2006~2012, 2013~2019, and distribution surveyed 169 sampling sites, and 1,040 individuals were collected from 72 sites. Areas where the habitat was confirmed were Namhan River (27 stations), Han River (17 stations), Bukhan River (16 stations), Samcheok Osipcheon (4 stations), Yeongokcheon (3 stations), Gangneung Namdaecheon (2 stations), Jeoncheon (1 station), Chucheon (2 stations). The main habitat of L. taczanowskii was upstream of the river with a high altitude of more than 300 m, 2~30 m water flow width, 0.3~1.5 m water depth, and high ratio (50~90%) boulder bottoms. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed as river works, construction of reservoirs and bridges, discharge of contaminated water into the river, the inflow of summer vacationers, and weir. Compared to our results there exists evidence that states a 36.1% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, in a small appearance range (7,820 ㎢) and occupancy area (288 ㎢), number of disconnected locations (19 locations), and a decline in habitat quality. Therefore, L. taczanowskii is now considered as Vulnerable (VU) based on the results (VU A2ac, Near meets B1b (i, ii, iii)+B2b (i, ii, iii)) of IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Lastly, the conservation plan of Ladislabia taczanowskii was discussed.

멸종위기어류 버들가지 Rhynchocypris semotilus(Pisces: Cyprinidae)의 분포양상과 멸종위협 평가

최광식 ( Kwang-seek Choi ),김덕기 ( Deokki Kim ),고명훈 ( Myeong-hun Ko ) 한국어류학회 2021 한국어류학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Distribution aspects and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Rhynchocypris semotilus were investigated in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, June 2020. Among the 12 sampling sites investigated during the study period, samples of R. semotilus were collected 268 individuals at 6 sites. The streams inhabited of R. semotilus were Songhyeoncheon (3 stations), Gojindong (2 stations) and Osodong (1 station). The main habitats of R. semotilus were uppermost and upper stream (Aa type) with 3~15 m water flow width, 0.3~1.3 m depth and high ratio boulder and cobble bottoms. The estimated age of the R. semotilus (June) based on their total length distribution indicated that 0-, 1-, 2-, 3- and more than 4-year-old were 6~27 mm, 38~59 mm, 60~75 mm, 78~93 mm and 96~125 mm, respectively, and their has matured reproductive organs over two years old. R. semotilus investigation results of the threat of extinction showed no tendency to decrease in population size, but estimated to be less than 1,000 mature individuals, with a small range of extend of occurrence (39.668 ㎢), area of occupancy (16 ㎢), and number of disconnected locations (3 locations). Therefore, R. semotilus is now considered vulnerable (VU D2) based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

신갈호의 어류군집 특징 및 어구별 채집 효과 분석

고명훈,한미숙,최광식,곽인실,박영석,Myeong-Hun Ko,Mee-Sook Han,Kwang-Seek Choi,Ihn-Sil Kwak,Young-Seuk Park 한국환경생태학회 2024 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.38 No.3

신갈호의 어류군집 특징 및 어구별 채집 효과를 밝히기 위해 2020년 8월부터 2021년 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 채집 어구는 호소에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 족대와 투망, 자망, 정치망을 사용하였다. 조사결과, 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 7과 18종 3,501개체, 생체량 117,670g이었다. 개체수비 우점종은 참붕어(Pseudorasbora parva, 29.9%), 아우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus, 25.1%), 다음으로 배스(Micropterus salmoides, 19.3%), 붕어(Carassius auratus, 9.1%), 밀어(Rhinogobius brunneus, 6.1%), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus, 4.2%) 등의 순으로 우세하였으며, 생체량비 우점종은 붕어(45.1%), 아우점종은 잉어(Cyprinus carpio, 17.4%), 그 다음으로 배스(14.3%), 피라미(7.7%), 떡붕어(C. cuvieri, 7.4%), 참붕어(3.9%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 출현종 중 한국고유종은 몰개(Squalidus japonicus coreanus), 점줄종개(Cobitis nalbanti), 얼록동사리(Odontobutis interrupta) 3종이었으며, 외래어종은 배스, 블루길, 떡붕어, 향어(Cyprinus carpio nudus type) 4종으로 이중 배스와 블루길은 생태계교란 생물로 지정된 종이다. 주요종의 평균 체장과 체중을 조사한 결과, 우점종인 참붕어는 체장 60±24.1mm, 체중 4.4±3.42g이었고, 아우점종인 피라미는 체장 82±17.6mm, 체중 10.4±7.27g, 우세종 배스는 체장 96±25.1mm, 체중 24.9±96.02g, 붕어는 체장 125±77.3mm, 체중 168±336.5g이었다. 어구별 조사결과, 족대로 채집된 어류는 3과 8종 302개체 생체량 1,269g, 투망으로 채집된 어류는 4과 11종 948개체 생체량 31,343g, 자망으로 채집된 어류는 4과 13종 682개체 생체량 69,695g, 정치망으로 채집된 어류는 7과 15종 1,569개체, 생체량 15,362g으로 나타났다. 어구별 조사결과를 요약하면, 정치망은 종수와 개체수가, 삼중자망은 생체량이 가장 많았으며, 투망은 연안지대의 종수와 개체수를 채집하는데 강점이 있었으며, 족대는 종수와 개체수, 생체량 모두 가장 적었으나 연안지대의 저서성 소형어류를 채집하는데 강점을 보였다. Fish community characteristics and the influence of sampling gear were investigated in Lake Singal, South Korea, from August 2020 to October 2021. The employed sampling gears included a kick net, cast net, gill net, and fyke net, which are commonly utilized within the lake. Across three survey stations, a total of 18 fish species from seven families, comprising 3,501 individuals and contributing to a total biomass of 117,670 grams, were identified. Dominance among species was assessed based on individual count and biomass. Pseudorasbora parva was the most abundant, constituting 29.9% of the total catch, followed by Zacco platypus (25.1%) and Micropterus salmoides (19.3%). In terms of biomass, Carassius auratus was predominant, accounting for 45.1%, followed by Cyprinus carpio (17.4%) and M. salmoides (14.3%). Among the sampled species, three were identified as endemic to Korea: Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Cobitis nalbanti, and Odontobutis interrupta. Additionally, four exotic species were recorded, including M. salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, both classified as invasive alien species, along with C. cuvieri and a variant of Cyprinus carpio (nudus type). Analysis of the average standard length (SL) and body weight (BW) revealed significant size variations among species. P. parva, the dominant species, measured 60 ± 24.1 mm (SL) and weighed 4.4 ± 3.42 g (BW). The subdominant species, Z. platypus, exhibited an SL of 82 ± 17.6 mm and a BW of 10.4 ± 7.27 g. M. salmoides, another dominant species, registered 96 ± 25.1 mm (SL) and 24.9 ± 96.02 g (BW), while C. auratus measured 125 ± 77.3 mm (SL) and weighed 168 ± 336.5 g (BW). In terms of gear-specific performance, the kick net captured eight species from three families, totaling 302 individuals with a biomass of 1,269 g. The cast net was more effective in coastal zones, collecting 11 species from four families, amounting to 948 individuals and 31,343 g of biomass. The gill net yielded the highest biomass, capturing 13 species from four families with 682 individuals weighing 69,695 g. The fyke net recorded the highest species diversity and number of individuals, capturing 15 species from seven families, totaling 1,569 individuals and 15,362 g of biomass. The fyke net proved most efficient in species and individual counts, whereas the gill net was superior for biomass collection. Conversely, the kick net demonstrated effectiveness in collecting small benthic species in coastal areas.

계룡산국립공원의 어류군집 특성 및 하천건강성 평가

고명훈(Myeong-Hun Ko),최광식(Kwang-Seek Choi),한미숙(Mee-Sook Han),박승철(Seung-chul Park) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.2

This study investigated the characteristics of fish communities and river health in the Gyeryeongsan National Park, Korea from May to September 2021. The survey collected 26 species belonging to nine families from 22 survey stations. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco platypus(26.4%) and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(26.1%), respectively. The next most abundant species were Zacco koreanus(21.1%), Squalidus gracilis majimae(11.0%), Pungtungia herzi(3.4%), Iksookimia koreensis(2.6%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (2.5%). Among the fish species collected, 12(46.2%) were Korea endemic species, including Rhodeus uyekii, Acheilognathus koreensis, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Zacco koreanus, Iksookimia koreensis, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Silurus microdorsalis, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis platycephala and Odontobutis interrupta. Additionally, one exotic species(ecosystem-disturbing species Micropterus salmoides) and one landlocked species (Rhinogobius brunneus) were collected. As a result of community indices, the dominance(0.67~1.00), diversity(0.136~1.658), evenness(0.123~1.988), and richness(0.201~2.031) differed significantly by stations. Also, river health(index of biological integrity) was assessed as very good(seven stations) and good(15 stations). Gyeryeongsan National Park had a relatively well-preserved river ecosystem, but several disturbance factors(weir was installed at nine stations, river work was underway at five stations, and ecological disturbance species, M. salmoides were introduced into the Yongdong Reservoir area. The stable populations of fish in Gyeryongsan National Park require a river ecosystem protection plan and a systematic management plan for ecological disturbance species, M. salmoides. 계룡산국립공원의 어류군집 특성 및 하천건강성을 밝히기 위해 2021년 5월부터 9월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 22개 지점을 선정하여 조사를 실시한 결과, 채집된 어류는 9과 26종 5,120개체였다. 우점종은 피라미(26.4%), 아우점종 버들치(26.1%)였으며, 그 다음으로 참갈겨니(21.1%), 긴몰개(11.0%), 돌고기(3.4%), 참종개(2.6%), 밀어(2.5%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 한국고유종은 각시붕어, 칼납자루, 긴몰개, 돌마자, 참갈겨니, 참종개, 눈동자개, 미유기, 자가사리, 꺽지, 동사리, 얼록동사리 12종(46.2%)이었고, 외래종은 생태계교란생물인 배스 1종, 육봉형 어류는 밀어 1종이었다. 군집분석 결과, 우점도(0.67~1.00), 다양도(0.136~1.658), 균등도(0.123~0.988), 풍부도(0.201~2.031)는 지점별로 차이가 컸으며, 하천건강성은 매우 좋음(7지점), 좋음(15지점)으로 비교적 양호하게 평가되었다. 계룡산국립공원은 비교적 하천생태계가 잘 보존되어 있었으나, 교란요인으로 9개 지점에 보가 설치되어 있고 5개 지점은 하천공사가 진행되고 있었으며 용동지 일대에는 생태계교란종 배스가 유입되어 서식하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 계룡산국립공원의 안정적인 어류 서식을 위해서는 하천생태계 보호 대책 및 생태계교란종 배스의 체계적 관리방안이 요구된다.

멸종위기어류 열목어 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Pisces: Salmonidae)의 분포현황과 서식지 특징, 멸종위협 평가

고명훈 ( Myeong-hun Ko ),최광식 ( Kwang-seek Choi ),한미숙 ( Mee-sook Han ) 한국어류학회 2021 한국어류학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Distribution status, habitat characteristics, and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were investigated in 2015 and 2019. Historical distribution reports of B. l. tsinlingensis were divided into before 1990, 1997~2006, 2000~2011, and 2010~2019. Among the 150 sampling sites investigated during the study period, number of individuals of B. l. tsinlingensis were collected 542 individuals from 67 sites. The streams inhabited of B. l. tsinlingensis were Naerincheon (11 stations), Odaecheon (11 stations), Bukcheon (10 stations), Bangtaecheon (8 stations), Songjeongricheon (4 stations), Suipcheon (3 stations), Inbukcheon (3 stations), Hyeondongcheon (3 stations) etc. The main habitat of B. l. tsinlingensis was upstream of the river with a high altitude of more than 400 m, 4~20 m water flow width, 1~2 m water depth, and high ratio (70~80%) boulder bottoms. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed as river works, construction of reservoirs and bridges, discharge of contaminated water into the river, the inflow of summer vacationers, and weir. Compared to our results there exists evidence that states a 20.7% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, in a small appearance range (7,732㎢) and occupancy area (268㎢), number of disconnected locations (15 locations), and a decline in habitat quality. Therefore, B. l. tsinlingensis is now considered as Near Threatened (NT) based on the results (Near meets VU A2acd, B1b(i,ii,iii)+B2b(i,ii,iii)) of IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

국립공원 3개 저수지에 서식하는 생태계교란 어종의 서식양상과 먹이생물, 어류상에 미치는 영향

박승철 ( Seung-chul Park ),이광열 ( Kwang Yeol Lee ),최광식 ( Kwang-seek Choi ),한미숙 ( Mee-sook Han ),고명훈 ( Myeong-hun Ko ) 한국어류학회 2021 한국어류학회지 Vol.33 No.2

This study was conducted to elucidate the impact of invasive species, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus in Geumgyeji, Samgaji and Naejangji reservoirs of National Parks, Korea in 2020. In the Geumgyeji, 1,221 individuals of 11 species in 7 families were collected including M. salmoides (relative abundance, 96.3%) and L. macrochirus (0.3%), M. salmoides fed mainly on Rhinogobius brunneus (IRI, 37.2%), Odonata (25.6%), Megaloptera (11.6%), and M. salmoides (7.0%). In the results of Samgaji showed that 854 individuals of 10 species in 5 families were collected including M. salmoides (60.8%), and M. salmoides fed mainly on Decapoda (shrimp, 33.6%), Odonata (34.4%), R. brunneus (21.2%), and Zacco platypus (6.1%). In the Naejangji showed that 1,075 individuals of 13 species belonging to 7 families were collected including L. macrochirus (38.1%) and M. salmoides (9.5%), and L. macrochirus fed mainly on Branchiopoda (77.5%), Diptera (9.8%), Decapoda (4.0%) and M. salmoides fed mainly on R. brunneus (73.3%), Decapoda (21.2%). M. salmoides of Geumgyeji and Samgaji were apparently introduced more than a 10 years ago. The fish population declined rapidly since the introduction of M. salmoides. L. macrochirus of Naejangji was introduced more than 20 years ago, which increased its relative abundance to 40%. M. salmoides was introduced five to six years ago, and the fish species and population declined rapidly since the introduction of M. salmoides. Finally, we discussed the inhabitat status and management of M. salmoides and L. macrochirus in the National Park.

소백산국립공원의 어류군집 특성 및 하천건강성평가

박승철(Seung-chul Park),한미숙(Mee-Sook Han),최광식(Kwang-Seek Choi),최우정(U-Jeong Choi),고명훈(Myeong-Hun Ko) 국립공원연구원 2021 국립공원연구지 Vol.12 No.1

This study investigated the characteristics of fish communities and river health in the Sobaeksan National Park, Korea from 2018 to 2020. The survey collected 30 species belonging to 8 families from 16 survey stations. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco koreanus (46.2%) and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (39.5%), respectively. The next most abundant species were R. kumgangensis (9.9%), Liobagrus mediadiposalis (0.7%), Cottus koreanus (0.6%), Coreoperca herzi (0.6%), Silurus microdorsalis (0.6%) and L. andersoni (0.4%). Among the fish species collected, 11 (68.8%) species were Korea endomics species: Coreoleuciscus splendidus, R. kumgangensis, Z. koreanus, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Silurus microdorsalis, L. andersoni, L. mediadiposalis, Cottus koreanus, Coreoperca herzi and Odontobutis platycephala. Climate change sensitive species included R. kumgangensis and Cottus koreanus, while Oncorhynchus masou masou was introduced in Korea species. The dominance (0.77~0.93) and richness (1.52~1.80) of fish community was relatively high and the diversity (1.03~1.18) and evenness (0.40~0.46) were relatively low. Also, river health (index of biological integrity) is assessed as very good (1~2 stations), good (3~5 staions) and fair (2~3 staions). Finally, a conservation plan for fish in Sobaeksan National Park was discussed.

아리스톨로크산 함유 생약제에 대한 안전성평가연구 : 생식·발생독성시험연구 Studies on the reproductive and developmental toxicity

손경희,이규식,김순선,김소희,곽승준,채수영,박철훈,김병호,최요우,이종필,제금련,강진석,장동덕,길광섭,최광식,박귀례 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

아리스톨로크산(ArA)은 Jlristolochia 속 식물에 많이 항유되어있는 성분으로 이 성분이 들어있는 약을 장기복용한 사람들에게서 신장암 등 비뇨기계 암의 발병를이 놀은 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연군에서는 아리스톨로크산 함유 생약제인 마두령의 안전성에 대한 촤학쩍 근거를 마련하기 위하여 마두령 단방과 마두령 복방에 대한 생식 ·살생독성시험을 실시하였다. 마두령 단방 건조추출물(0.j, 2, 8mg/kg; ArA 릉도) 및 복방 건조춘출물(0.05, 0.Smg/ifg; ArA 농도)을 젓드에 임신 전 14일부터 기간 항성기인 임신17일까지 경구 투여한 후 잉신 ?0일에 제왕절개하여 모체와 태자에 대한 검사를 실시하고 이를 아리스톨로크산(2, 8, 16mg/k끄 투여 실험과 비교하였다. 마두령 단방 8mg트 투여군의 체중증가량과 사접춰량이 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며, 아리스톨로르산은 8m을J'k핑 및 15m료토 투여시 임신 전 ·후의 체중증가량 및 사료섭취량이 모두 대조군에 비해 감소하옅다. 또한. 마두령 단방의 경우 8mgg으 투여시 잉신이 저해되는 것_근로 나타났으나. 아리스톨로크산은 임신율에 영향을 미치지 않았고 다민 16mgAg 투여군에서 태자 체중이 유의성있게 강소하였다. 마두령 단방 8m9,/kg 투여군곽 아리스톨크산 8mg/kg 및 16mgg 투여군에서 간장의 절대무게 강소, 진장의 장대무게 증가, 비장의 절대무게감소 등이 간찰되었으며, 조직병리학적검사에서는 마두령 단방 8m9./k9 투여관과 아리스톨로크 16mgg 투여군에서 신장의 손상이 나타났다. 전배자 배양 실험에서는, 마두령 단방은 Ir끄ml 이상에서 태자발달이 현저히 저해되었고, 마두령 복방의 겅우 0.Ofrg/ml 이상에서, 아리스톨로크산끈 경우 300r9/r리 이상의 농도에서 배자발달이 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라4i 본 연구결과로 띠루어 마두령은 임상용량인 0.03mg (.f.rA)/kg/da)-에서는 생식 · 발생득성을 일으키지 않는 것으로 사료된다. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis has recently been reported in young women who have been on a slimming regimen including chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid, suspected as the causal factor of this renal disease, is a well known carcinogen. It has been known that Madouling (Aristolochiae fructus) contains aristolochic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Madouling, Madouling-tang, and aristolochic acid on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Female rats were administered orally with the extracts of Madouling (0.5, 2, 8mg/kg;ArA dose). madouling-tang (0.05, 0.5mg/kg), and aristolochic acid(2, 8, 16mg/kg) from 14 days before mating to day 17 of gestation. Madouling(8mg/kg) decreased fertility in the 8mg/kg group, but Madouling-tang and aristolochic acids did not. Significant decrease of mean fetal body weights were observed in the 16mg/kg group of aristolochic acids. External, visceral and skeletal malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. There were decrease in the absolute liver weights and the absolute spleen weight and increase in the relative kidney weights in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 8 and 16mg/kg groups of Aristolochic acid. Histopathological examination showed the discrete damage of kidney in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 16mg/kg groups of Aristolochic acid. In whole embryo culture, Madouling and Madouling-tang caused the retardation of growth and development of embryo in the dose of 1㎍/ml and 0.02㎍/kg, respectively while Aristolochic acids showed the similar effect in the dose of 300㎍/kg. These results indicate that Madouling, up to 0.05mg/kg (prescription dose to human) has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development of Sprague-Dawley rats.