http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
社會保障의 確立을 위한 退職金制度의 實態調査 硏究 : 우리나라 企業의 退職金制度를 中心으로
趙旺基,尹乙順 동국대학교 대학원 1975 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.5 No.-
This study is primarily aimed at sping and examining the major problems involved in the real aspect of the employee severance payment system in private enterprises, thus providing the basic data necessary for the realization of welfare society as well as for the establishment of national social security program to be effective in the 1980s or during the period of the 4th five-year economic development plan. The employee severance payment system in private enterprises in this country was generally recognised as a mere subsidy for living until before the enactment of national social security program, which was based on compensation for the long-service employee who has done a meritorious service in the interests of society. It is a real state of affairs, however that most of these enterprises even do not hold any correct data concerning at what level the employee severance payment is made, its different features depending the reasons for retirement and the types of job, and the way it may best used, etc. But the analysis of the actual situation of the retiring allowance system led me to summarize its main problems as follows. First, the retiring allowance system speculated in Article 28 of the Labour Standard Law, was found to have become a matter of mere form, or a dead letter. Second, as there is no any concrete retirement-fund reserving system, a system differentiating the way the payment of the retiring allowance is made is urgently required. Third, it is found that owing to the diversified calculating method of the retiring allowance, the difference in its amount of payment based on the reason for retirement is becoming more remarkable. Fourth, the above study also shows that in our country there are some manufacturing companies accounting for a 13.6% of the total which ven do not apply the age-limit retirement system, and what is worse, its allowance is not yet consolidated among them. Fifth, there is no relevant regulations to the length of service, and the lack of benefits to the long-service worker seems to create another serious problem. sixth, the analysis also reveals that some enterprises even practise the subtraction of the retirement-fund reserve from their employees' salaries. As mentioned in the above, the present retiring allowance system in this country seems not only unreasonable but also contradictory to the reality. Especially, in case the payment of the retiring allowance is made, it is found that some business circles make the payment by note whose term renges from 45 to 90 days despite that the payment is naturally to be made in cash instead of draft. It is also found that it becomes a common practice among the comparatively larger enterprises that when the retirement is made at one's own request, the retiring allowance is usually paid by note, while the payment is made in cash when the retirement is made at the employer's request. Such being the case, the existing retiring allowance system needs to be improved by employing more scientific and rational means. First, in order to improve the related regulations of-the Labour Standard Law, there should be a "composite council for the retiring allowance" (tentatively called) which is composed of expert theorists, persons with direct relation with the problem, and personnel staffs from each enterprise. Second, in all enterprises the operation of the retiring allowance system should he an obligation by law, and any enterprise with more than 5 employees should hold a retirement allowance system; and its regulations, the standard of payment, the calculation of length of service, and the method of payment, etc. should be provided by law. Third, with an overall revision of the social welfare-related regulations, the betterment of employees' welfare, the regulations relative to the establishment of retiring allowance, and the regulations to unemployment insurance, etc. should be put into effect by law. Fourth, in order to establish the social welfare system, an overall research on the retiring allowance system should be closely related with the development of social welfare. And there should be "The social security research institute" (tentatively named), where an overall research on social security as well as the direction toward national welfare are considered and discussed.
Gentamicin이 白鼠 尿細管의 燐酸鹽 分解酵素 活性에 미치는 影響
申仁澈,趙旺基,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.2
Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic and an important agent for the treatment of many serious gram-negative bacillary infections. However, emergence of resistant microorganisms and development of nephrotoxicity with long-term use of the antibiotic has become a serious problem and may limit the future use of this agent. It is generally accepted that gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely related to the accumulation of the antibiotic in renal tubules. This study was made to determine the changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemically in renal tubules of male ICR mice, weighing 20-25 gm, treated with a bolus intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin, 300 mg per kg body weight at 3, 6 and 12 hours after drug administration in order to elucidate the pathogenesis underlying gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The results were as follws. 1. Phosphatase activities after gentamicin administration were decreased in renal cortex. 2. Alkaline phosphatase activity in renal cortex were slightly decreased (?) at 3 and 12 hours and moderately decreased(+) at 6 hours after administration compared to control group(?). 3. ATPase activity in renal cortex were moderately decreased (+) at 3 hours, severe decreased (±) at 6 hours and slightly decreased (?) at 12 hours after drug administration compared to control group (?). Consequently, it is suggested that gentamicin decreases in activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in the kidney by damages in renal epithelial cells and cytoplasmic organelles and thought to be that it is one of the biochemical events in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.