스피박과 여성

정혜욱 ( Hae Ook Jeong ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2008 여성학연구 Vol.18 No.1

Gayatri Spivak has discussed a wide range of theories including feminism, deconstruction, Marxism, and postcolonialism in radical ways. In this essay, I try to read Spivak`s critical position, focusing on her view of women. After looking at the strategic essentialism in the center of Spivak`s aphoristic style of writing, which Spivak proposes as `strategic use of essentialism in a scrupulously visible political interest` for minority groups to present themselves, I examine the influence of Derrida`s deconstruction on Spivak`s theory, to understand her more flexible and nuanced use of the subaltern and women. Then my focus moves to Spivak`s creative reading of the later writings of Karl Marx, in which she tries to discover the possibility of women`s labor through a more rigorous philosophical and deconstructive approach, opposing dogmatic interpretations of Marxism. Finally, I review the recent works of Spivak focusing on human rights and education of subaltern groups.

주디스 버틀러와 문화번역의 과제

정혜욱(Hae ook Jeong) 한국비평이론학회 2015 비평과이론 Vol.20 No.1

This paper aims to explore the significance of cultural translation in Judith Butler's theoretical frameworks. Butler's influence on gender and queer theories has been widely acknowledged since the publication of her book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Although she confessed that her work in Gender Trouble turned out to be one of cultural translation in 1999, the significance of her thought for the field of cultural translation has yet to be fully explored. This article, thus, explores the task of cultural translation through a critical engagement of the recent works of Judith Butler from Contingency, Hegemony, Universality to Parting Ways: Jewishness and the Critique of Zionism. First, this paper explicates why translation plays an important role in challenging normalized meanings of the universal and how to translate the universal across boundaries. Second, this paper tries to show hows that cultural translation is not a mere transmission of information and that Butler's conceptual understanding of translation cannot be discussed without considering how ethics, politics and law closely relate to each other by examining the way she reads Walter Benjamin's essays including The Task of the Translator and Critique of Violence. Finally, this paper deals with how Butler's traversing of Hegel's concept of recognition leads to the ground of anti-fundamentalist ethics which retains uncalculative difference, and that cultural translation might be useful for finding a way to think about cohabitation understood as coarticulation with alterity.

외상의 물질성과 이창래의 『제스처 인생』

정혜욱 ( Hae Ook Jeong ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2007 현대영어영문학 Vol.51 No.1

여성주의적 관점에서 본 『 49 호 품목의 경매 』

정혜욱(Hae Ook Jeong) 한국현대영미소설학회 1998 현대영미소설 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the manner in which Thomas Pynchon portrayed a woman in The Crying of Lot 49. Unlike V. in which the author seems to posit women as a metaphor for many of the frustrations and ills that plague twentieth century America, The Crying of Lot 49 reverses some conventional conviction toward women, Oedipa Maas assumes the traditional male tasks of executer of a will, interpreter of literature The Courier`s Tragedy, and quester. Pynchon gives Oedipa, the feminized name of Sophoclean Oedipus, such sexualized weapons as gut fear and female cunning. With female cunning Oedipa tries to decipher codes about the Tristero system which is, or is imagined to be, an underground communications network. But her gut fear does not allow her to ensure its existence. She encounters a lot of men who are aware of communication beyond the surface noises of life, but loses contact with them. She cannot stand her isolation, waiting for a male agent who ensures her the Tristero. Therefore as a woman, she cannot find the way inside, remaining as only observer and other both in official and underground cultures. Even if Pynchon`s experimental impulse has challenged the hegemony of conventional discourse, his viewpoint of women has not much changed.

후기산업사회의 저항담론의 양상 : 토머스 핀천을 중심으로

정혜욱(Hae Ook Jeong) 한국현대영미소설학회 2000 현대영미소설 Vol.7 No.1

All ideas are ordered through some material medium. This ordering pattern imposes a pattern on them which Foucault calls discourse, Then how might one recover voices called counter-discourse that have been considered not worthy of social circulation? Thomas Pynchon, among postmodernist writers, examines cultural marginality as counter-discourse as Foucault did. The novels of Thomas Pynchon can be considered as thematizing the political implications of language, and the political and ideological implications of the fictionality of meaning in its late-capitalist forms. The radical reflexivity of his texts and their disruptions of linguistic and narrative norms are grasped as the tactics of writing which exposes and struggles against the ideologies and conceptual limits of language in its contemporary modes. Pynchon`s critique of racism, sexism, and other divisive ideologies is conveyed through his literary discourse, and the way his characters deal with difference between self and other, white and black, male and female, oppressor and oppressed. He shows a radical critique of Western meaning-systems, which are identified as white or patriarchal, and so on. But Pynchon`s own perspective represented in his novels is of limited use in understanding race and gender difference. His discourse of race conceptualized groups rather than individuals, who were said to possess distinctive psychologies and bodies. In his view of gender, sexuality is inseparable from powerlessness, even if he does not entirely exclude the possibility of female resistance, especially in the case of Vineland.

이산여성작가의 번역과 젠더: 킹스턴의 『여전사』와 에메체타의 『모성의 환희』를 중심으로

정혜욱 ( Hae Ook Jeong ) 한국영미문화학회 2006 영미문화 Vol.6 No.1

데리다의 언어의 간극과 번역

정혜욱(Hae Ook Jeong) 한국비평이론학회 2005 비평과이론 Vol.10 No.1

This essay addresses the problems of the in-betweenness of language and translation as exposited by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida in his notions of l'ecriture, proper names, the tower of Babel, relevant translation, and deconstruction. I try to receive the ethico-political message of deconstruction, rethink the difference of language and translation and ask what 'the real task of the translator' is in the essay. Levi-Strauss's anthropological translation and his apparently value-natural descriptions of non-European cultures tend to efface the brutality of a project like colonialism, and show that the tendency to valorize speech over writing goes along with a European ethnocentrism. Taking Derrida's comments on Levi-Strauss as a point of departure, I'd like to show monolingualism may involve colonial discourse. The story of Babel is the story of the multiplication of languages. The building of the tower is meant to ensure the unity and dominance of the one people and the one language. God interrupts the colonial violence or the linguistic imperialism and ruptures the rational transparency to which the tower builders, the descendants of Shem(which literally means name) wanted to bring the world. And the replacement of the single human language with multiple, mutually incomprehensible languages means that translation becomes necessary, but perfect translation is no longer possible. If translation is necessary but there is not such a thing as the original after Babel, then how translation can be relevant without being appropriated in power-related contexts? In this point, I try to develop the Derrida's argument that the elaboration of the notion of undecid ability in deconstruction addresses the relationship between the responsibility to act and the responsibility to otherness.

번역과 권력 : 포스트식민주의 번역 연구

정혜욱(Jeong Hae-ook) 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

I would like to rethink the term, 'translation' and examine it in the postcolonial context in this paper. Translation has traditionally been considered as one of the principal means by which ideas are transmitted across cultures. But from the viewpoint of postcolonial scholars on translation, translation is not necessarily to be viewed as a neutral transfer "between cultures." Focusing on the context of asymmetrical cultures, they try to give insight into power relations between the cultures involved and help to identify the interrelations between the various cultural levels in an inter-cultural and intra-cultural context. Two of the most influential postcolonial scholars, Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak are involved in the refiguration of the boundaries of culture from the point of the postcolonial and the migrant. Bhabha develops a new idea of translation in terms of cultural hybridity, To him translation can be considered from a standpoint where cultures merge and create new spaces. Spivak pays attention to translation in the cultural practices central to the production of marginal subjectivities by western translators in her essay, "The Politics of Translation." Her emphasis lies on the rhetoricity of language as a means of disruption indicating "the founding violence of the silence at work within rhetoric." Those who would be considered as postcolonial scholars on translation are mainly Eric Cheyfitz, Vincent Rafael, and Tejaswini Niranjana, They examine the relation of translation to colonialism and its participation in colonial practices of subjection and subjectification and strips it of its humanistic tradition. Their observations from the concrete history of empire show that translation has indeed been used as a tool of colonial rule. Even if postcolonial approaches to translation did nothing more than discover the sort of power use of translation yet, it is very important to understand what kind of roles translation has played through histories. Otherwise, we would never find out innovation in translation practice and research.

소외의 주체와 타자의 무대화

정혜욱(Hae-ook Jeong) 한국영미어문학회 2012 영미어문학 Vol.- No.102

The purpose of this paper is to investigate issues of subject and the other in Don DeLillo's The Body Artist. Unlike DeLillo's other novels, The Body Artist is a short novella, depicting the life of one woman over a period of a few months and seems to leave the politics out, with no bomb and no world situation. The Body Artist is, however, an important reworking of some ideas of "the alienation of subject and the staging of the other." For Lacan, the ego is just an image of the other, being constituted of misrecognition. To constitute the subject he must enter the world of language and the symbolic order, which causes barred and spilt subjects. In Lacanian ontology, we can find the barred subject first and then the barred Other. I think spiltting(/) itself would be the very possibility of subject. Following Zizek, the barred Other(A/) means precisely the constitutive impossibility of the achievement of symbolic realization, because there is a void, a lack of the signifier. When we read The Body Artist on the ground of the psychoanalytic insights, we can recognize the deliberate strategy of resistance of DeLillo and his characters who try to display the indivisible residue the dominant culture cannot absorb.

데리다의 삶과 철학의 재조명

정혜욱(Jeong, Hae Ook) 경북대학교 인문학술원 2011 人文 科學 Vol.23 No.-

In this paper, I aim to trace Derrida"s problematic of violence and ethics connected with his actual life. The emergence of an issue on terror and terrorism as a global force after 9-11 demands new thinking about the way ideological frameworks work and justify themselves. Violence is, thus, a key issue in both theoretical and practical fields. I try to analyze the sense of violence and the political in later works of Derrida, sketching Derrida"s philosophy through his life. Whether we see the set of violence and law as a historical institution or as a system of rules and decisions, it"s necessary to deconstruct daily operations of the (il)legitimate violence, discover the violence of the origins and show the way divine violence reveals itself.