한국사회의 사회적 소수자에 대한 인식 및 태도 유형

정현일 동양사회사상학회 2023 사회사상과 문화 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify ‘types of perception’ and ‘types of attitudes’ toward social minorities in Korea. The research method adopted statistical analysis, and the research data used questions on minority inclusion and values in the 2022 Social Integration Survey. The research process is as follows. First, factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted on questions about inclusion of the disabled, children of broken families, foreign immigrants and workers, ex-convicts, sexual minorities, and North Korean defectors. Through this, it was analyzed what groups each minority is grouped into and distinguished to confirm how minorities are recognized and categorized in Korean society. Next, through cluster analysis and discriminant analysis of the ‘type of perception’ of minorities, the ‘type of attitude’ toward minorities was identified, and the proportion of each "type of attitude" in Korean society was identified. Finally, chi-square analysis and ANOVA were performed to analyze the characteristics of each type of attitude toward minorities to confirm differences in demographic characteristics, social status and economic satisfaction, policy orientation on welfare and immigration, and values. First, as a result of analyzing the type of perception of minorities, the disabled and children of broken families were grouped into the same factors, ex-convicts and sexual minorities were grouped into the same factors, and foreign immigrants, workers, and North Korean defectors were grouped into the same factors. The reliability of the questions constituting each factor was also statistically significant. Through this, it was confirmed that there are three types of minority perceptions in Korean society: the vulnerable(the disabled, children of broken families), the norm violators(ex-convicts, sexual minorities), and the strangers(foreign immigrants and workers, North Korean defectors). Second, a total of three clusters were identified: “exclusion attitude” for all minorities, “norm-compliant attitude” that shows an exclusionary attitude only toward norm violators, and “inclusive attitude” for all minorities, and the validity of cluster analysis was also confirmed through discriminant analysis. Among the total respondents, 39.1% of the respondents were exclusion attitude, 42.7% were norm-compliant attitude, and 18.2% were inclusive attitude, confirming that exclusion of norm violators was severe in Korean society. Third, as a result of analyzing the characteristics of each "type of attitude" toward minorities, differences in gender, occupation, age, education, and household income were identified, but differences according to residential areas (urban, rural areas) were not identified. and differences were not identified by residential area (urban, rural). On the other hand, statistically significant differences were also found in questions about social status, satisfaction with economic conditions, policy orientation, and values. Those who showed an inclusive attitude were generally close to low-age, high-educated, and high-income people and remained optimistic about their social status and economic conditions. In terms of policy orientation and values, they agreed to increase taxes for low-income people, emphasizing distribution rather than growth, and being open to foreigners, and thinking that individual interests are more important than communities. Those who showed such an inclusive attitude showed a new image of individualists, distinguished from traditional communitarian and collectivists in that they valued welfare and human rights and valued individual interests more than communities. In other words, they were aiming for 'solidarity of free individuals'. Lastly, this study proposed 'improvement of social capital and social trust' and 'promotion of information accessibility' for minorities as ways to increase inclusive attitudes. 이 연구의 목적은 한국사회에서 소수자가 어떤 유형으로 인식되고 있는지, 그리고 소수자에 대한 태도 유형이 어떠한지를 확인하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 통계분석을 채택했으며, 연구자료는 2022년 사회통합실태조사의 소수자 포용에 관한 문항, 가치관에 관한 문항 등을 활용했다. 연구과정은 다음과 같다. 먼저 소수자 인식 유형을 확인하기 위해 장애인, 결손 가정 자녀, 외국인 이민자⋅노동자, 전과자, 성적 소수자, 북한이탈주민을 포용할지에 관한 문항에 대해 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 수행했다. 이를 통해 각 소수자가 어떤 집단으로 묶이고 구별되는지를 분석하여 한국사회에서 소수자들이 어떻게 인식되고 유형화되는지를 확인했다. 다음으로 소수자 인식 유형에 대한 군집분석, 판별분석을 통해 소수자에 대한 태도 유형을 확인하고, 한국사회에서 이들 태도 유형이 차지하는 비중을 확인했다. 마지막으로 소수자에 대한 태도 유형별 특성을 분석하기 위해 교차분석, 일원배치분산분석을 수행하여 인구학적 특성, 사회적 지위 및 경제상황 만족도, 복지 및 이민에 관한 정책 지향, 가치관의 차이를 확인했다. 먼저 소수자에 대한 인식 유형을 분석한 결과, 장애인과 결손 가정 자녀가 같은 요인으로 묶였으며, 전과자와 성적 소수자가 같은 요인으로 묶였고, 외국인 이민자ㆍ노동자와 북한이탈주민이 같은 요인으로 묶였다. 각 요인을 구성하는 문항의 신뢰도도 통계적으로 유의미했다. 이를 통해 한국사회에서는 ‘취약자(장애인, 결손 가정 자녀)’, ‘규범위반자(전과자, 성적 소수자)’, ‘이방인(외국인 이민자ㆍ노동자, 북한이탈주민)’이라는 3가지 소수자 인식 유형이 존재하고 있음을 확인했다. 둘째, 소수자에 대한 태도 유형을 확인한 결과, 모든 소수자에 대해 배제적인 태도를 보이는 ‘배제형 태도’, 규범위반자에 대해서만 배제적인 태도를 보이는 ‘규범준수형 태도’, 모든 소수자에게 포용적인 태도를 보이는 ‘포용형 태도’라는 총 3개 군집이 도출되었으며, 판별분석을 통해 군집분석의 타당성도 확인했다. 전체 응답자 중에서 배제형 태도가39.1%, 규범준수형 태도가 42.7%, 포용형 태도가 18.2%를 차지하고 있어서 한국사회에서 규범위반자에 대한 배제가 심각하다는 점을 확인했다. 셋째, 소수자 태도 유형별로 어떤 특성을 보이는지를 분석한 결과, 성별, 직업, 연령, 학력, 가구소득의 차이는 확인되었지만 거주지역(도시, 농어촌)에 따른 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 한편 사회적 지위, 경제상황 만족도, 정책 지향, 가치관을 묻는 문항에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 포용형 태도를 보이는 사람들은 대체로 낮은 연령, 고학력, 고소득자였고 자신의 사회적 지위나 경제 상황에 낙관적인 입장을 견지했다. 정책 지향 및 가치관에서는 저소득층을 위한 증세에 동의하고 성장보다는 분배를 중시했다. 또한 외국인에게 개방적이면서 공동체보다는 개인의 이익이 더 중요하다고 생각하고 있었다. 이처럼 포용형 태도를 보이는 이들은 복지와 인권을 중시하면서 공동체보다 개인의 이익을 중요하게 생각한다는 점에서 전통적인 공동체주의자, 박애주의자, 집단주의자와 구별되는 새로운 개인주의자의 상을 보여주고, 자유로운 개인들이 연대하는 사회를 지향하고 있었다. 끝으로 이 연구는 포용형 태도를 늘리는 방안으로 사회적 자본 및 사회적 신뢰의 개선, 소수자에 ...

시멘트중 최적 석고량에 관한 연구

정현일,차완호,김철민 한국시멘트협회 2004 시멘트 심포지움 Vol.31 No.-

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Mediated Anti-proliferation by the Extract of Fungus Chaetomium sp. in SK-Hep1 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

정현일,김군도,손병화 대한암예방학회 2012 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

The marine environment has immeasurable diversity of the chemical and the biological compounds and is an extraordinary resource for the discovery of new anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of the extract of marine algae-derived symbiotic fungus Chaetomium sp. on SK-Hep1human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The extract exhibited inhibition of cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and autophagic cell death. The results showed that apoptosis resulted from the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (tBid, Bad, PUMA) and caspases (-3 and -8). We identified that the extract arrested cell cycle at sub-G1 phase and increased expression of p21CIP1/WAF1while reduced expression of cdc25A and E2F-1. The extract also inhibited the activation of PI3K regulatory subunit (PI3K p110α) and downstream targets such as Akt, mTOR and p70S6K. The cells treated with the extract finally showed autophagy by the up-regulation of Atg5, 7, 12 and LC3B. The results suggested that the extract of fungus Chaetomium sp. has a potential anti-cancer effect on SK-Hep1cells.

물질적인 피해상황에서의 사죄행동의 한일대조 - 상호작용의 특징을 중심으로 -

정현아(鄭賢兒) 한국일본어학회 2019 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.62

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyze, on the basis of actual conversational data, the kinds of language strategies Korean and Japanese male and female university students use in order to interact with each other when restoring their relationships. When Korean and male and female students had positive and smooth conversations, apologizers uttered expressions of apology (미안하다), acceptance of responsibility, and damage reimbursement in order to actively solve the problem. The opponent of the apologizer also utilized utterances of acceptance and accepted the apologizer’s apologetic behavior when there was the possibility of problem-solving. However, when Korean male students faced negative and unsmooth conversations, the opponent of the apologizer continuously and directly blamed the apologizer, and the apologizer tended to show avoidance of responsibility and utterances of complaint expressions to reject the apologizer’s apologetic behavior. Korean female students utilized words showing friendliness such as ‘friend’ to alleviate damage somewhat when blame between friends or other situations of losing face occurred. When Japanese and male and female students had positive and smooth conversations, the apologizer continuously used expressions of apology (ごめん、すまない、申し訳ない) and uttered acceptance of responsibility and damage reimbursement to solve a problem. The opponent of the apologizer also tended to use concession and utterances of acceptance, rather than utterances of the clear demand for damage reimbursement. In negative and unsmooth conversations, Japanese male student apologizers tended to politely express ending words when the willingness for damage reimbursement was uttered even between friends. When opponents of apologizers are Japanese female students, they tended to use indirect blame more frequently compare to other groups, to avoid linguistic behaviors that could cause the other to lose face.

A therapeutic equivalence study of biologic agent and biosimilar in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

정현일 한국실험동물학회 2015 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.2

부산 연구의 동향과 특성 : 언어 네트워크 분석과 토픽 모델링 분석을 중심으로

정현일,김소현,이상보,야마다 마린,주멍휘,현민 국립부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2024 인문사회과학연구 Vol.25 No.1

이 연구는 부산의 연구 동향을 분석했다. 특히 언어 네트워크 분석과 토픽 모델링 분석을 활용하여 연구장에서 부산을 어떻게 인식하고 주제화하고 있는지, 그리고 부산과 관련한 연구의 지형이 어떠한지를 확인했다. 부산 관련 연구의 주요 키워드는 지역, 도시, 문화, 교육, 사회와 같은 키워드였다. 부산 관련 연구의 네트워크 구조를 분석한 결과, 주요 키워드 간의 밀도는 낮았고 지니계수에서는 키워드 간의 고른 분포가 확인되었다. 네트워크 시각화에서는 지역, 문화, 사회, 교육 등의 키워드가 네트워크의 중심부에 포진하였고 이들을 중심으로 키워드 간의 다양한 연결고리가 나타났다. 마지막으로 토픽 모델링 분석 결과, 부산에 관한 연구는 ‘주거・공간 실증연구’, ‘교육・인문예술’, ‘지역 산업・경제’, ‘공공정보관리’, ‘국제・해양관광도시’, ‘도시문화・공간 디자인’, ‘항만・물류’, ‘지역사회・지방정치’, ‘서비스・만족도’의 9개 토픽으로 구성되어 있었다. 이상의 분석 결과에 근거하여 다음과 같은 논의를 제시했다. 첫째, 부산 관련 연구는 다양한 주제, 대상, 분야에 걸쳐 고르게 진행되고 있었다. 이는 네트워크의 밀도와 지니계수가 낮게 도출된 점, 네트워크 시각화에서 다양한 주제로 뻗어가는 키워드 간의 연결고리가 나타난 점, 그리고 토픽 모델링 분석에서 각 토픽에 속한 학술논문의 수가 비교적 고르다는 점에 근거한다. 둘째, 연구 동향에서 부산의 로컬적 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. ‘지역 산업・경제’ 토픽은 부산과 경남 등 지역적 연계성을 고려한 경제산업 정책을 보여주고 있었으며, ‘지역사회・지방정치’ 토픽은 지방 자치에 관한 내용을 보여주고 있었다. 셋째, 부산 관련 연구는 관문도시 부산을 전제하고 있었다. ‘국제・해양관광도시’ 토픽, ‘항만・물류’ 토픽 등은 부산의 지리적 특수성을 고려하고 있었는데 이는 관문도시의 기능과 내용에 관한 것이다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 부산 연구 동향을 분석했으며, 도시학 연구방법의 확장을 통해 도시에 대한 인식을 심화하는 데 이바지했다. This study analyzed trends in research on Busan. In particular, it used semantic network analysis and topic modeling analysis to determine how Busan is perceived and thematized in the research field and what the topography of Busan-related research is. The main keywords of Busan-related research were region, city, culture, education, and society, and the analysis of the semantic network structure of Busan-related research showed that the density between the main keywords was low, and the Gini coefficient showed an even distribution between the keywords. In the network visualization, keywords such as region, culture, society, and education were in the center of the network, and various links between keywords were connected around them. Finally, the topic modeling analysis confirmed that the research on Busan consists of nine topics: 'Housing and spatial empirical research', 'Education and humanities', 'regional industry and economy', 'Public information management', 'International and marine tourism city', 'Urban culture and spatial design', 'Port and logistics', 'regional politics and local politics', and 'Service and satisfaction'. Based on the above analysis, the following discussion is presented. First, Busan-related research was evenly spread across various topics, subjects, and fields. This is based on the fact that the density and Gini coefficient of the network structure were low, the network visualization results showed links between keywords extending to various topics, and the number of academic articles in each topic was relatively even in the topic modeling analysis. Second, we found that the localism of Busan are considered in research trends. The 'regional industry and economy' topic shows economic and industrial policies that consider regional linkages such as Busan and Gyeongnam, and the 'regional politics and local politics' topic shows the content of local autonomy that is distinct from the center. Third, Busan-related research presupposes the character of Busan as a gateway city. The 'international and marine tourism city' topic and the 'port and logistics' topic are related to the functions and contents of a gateway city in that they consider the geographical specificity of Busan. In conclusion, this study has contributed to expanding the research on Busan, as well as the methodology for studying regional study, and expanding the horizon of perception of the city.

A Case of Double Pylorus (초)

정현일,최광준,남승우,이성은,권혁춘 대한내과학회 2008 대한내과학회지 Vol.75 No.1S

화용론적 관점에서 본 불만표명행위의 한중일 대조 - 상하 힘의 관계의 변화에 따른 특징을 중심으로 -

정현아(鄭賢兒) 한국일본어학회 2022 한국일본어학회 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.9

국내 도시 담론의 연속과 단절: 포용도시 담론을 중심으로

정현일 비판사회학회 2023 비판사회학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2023 No.4

Developing a Community-Based Art Education Curriculum

정현일 한국조형교육학회 2010 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.37

This article explores that a community-based art education program can serve an important role in embracing the community’s needs and problems and in facilitating multicultural art education. This study is qualitative, community-based action research that relies on both Stringer’s methodological research cycles: “look”, “think”, and “act”(Stringer, 1999: 17), and my own perceptions as the primary instruments. In particular, the bilateral cooperative relationships between Korean school, Korean church, and its community in the United States demonstrate that educational programs can provide useful outlets for Korean children to participate in meaningful learning activities such as sports, art, and cultural study groups. When the students are involved in meaningful activities, they find support not only to keep them away from negative peer pressure but also to reinforce their critical thinking skills. Therefore, I believe that community- based art education programs can become a way of addressing emerging problems within the community of immigrant societies in the United States. In conclusion, this study is important because it can develop a model of the community-based process used for identifying a need in the community and responding to it through collaborative behavior. The other conclusion drawn from this study is that an interdisciplinary and blended approach to education in visual arts can be responsive to diverse students’ cultural needs. To reflect the present realities of immigrant students, a blended curriculum of general contents, theological contents, and their own national contents of learning can best achieve greater social relevance. An interdisciplinary art curriculum approach will facilitate multicultural learning not only by dealing with common issues among a variety of cultures and religions, but also by responding to the various interests and motivations of the students in order to achieve a more balanced art education.