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鄭賢?(정현아) 한국일본어학회 2016 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.48
본고는 한일남녀대학생을 대상으로 사죄담화를 구성하는 구조와 전개 및 상호작용의 특징을 담화레벨에서 분석고찰하였다. 조건을 통제(친구사이인 한일남녀대학생)하여 롤 플레이 조사방법으로 수집한 장면은 “제3자와도 관련이 있는 앞으로 불쾌한 상황이 발생하는 사죄장면”이다. 사죄담화를 전치(前置)담화, 교섭(交渉)담화, 핵(核)담화, 후속(後続)관련담화, 삽입(挿入)담화로 하위분류하여 분석고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 한일남녀대학생 모두 전치담화, 교섭담화, 핵담화, 후속관련담화, 삽입담화로 구성된 사죄담화가 나타났으며, 특히 핵담화와 교섭담화가 많이 사용되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 사죄담화의 상호작용에 따라 사죄내용을 받아들이는 경우와 받아들이지 않는 경우가 나타났다(사죄내용을 받아들이는 대화: 한국남학생은 16대화 중 10대화, 한국여학생은 16대화 중 14대화, 일본남학생은 16대화 중 11대화, 일본여학생은 16대화 중 8대화). 또한 사죄정형표현을 사용하는 “핵담화”가 사죄장면임에도 불구하고 나타나지 않는 현상이 일어나는 등의 유사점이 나타났으며, 전반적으로 복잡하고 다양한 전개와 구조를 보였다. 하지만 사죄내용이 상대적으로 간단하게 받아들여지는 구조는 한국남녀대학생, 특히 여성 쪽에서 많이 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 반대로 교섭담화를 많이 사용하여 사죄내용이 받아들여지도록 하는 구조는 여성보다는 남성에게서 많이 나타나는 특징을 보였다. 다음으로, 한일남녀대학생별 특징을 보면, 한국남학생은 사죄내용이 받아들여지도록 “핵담화” 와 “교섭담화” 를 반복해서 적극적으로 사용하는데 반해, 한국여학생은 자신이 일으킨 잘못을 해결하기 위해 대안을 제시하는 등의 담화를 사용하는 특징이 나타났다. 또한 일본남학생은 사죄내용이 받아들여지도록 “핵담화” 와 “교섭담화” 를 반복해서 적극적으로 사용하는데 반해, 일본여학생은 상대방이 사죄내용을 받아들이지 않고 질책을 하면 자신의 의도를 변경하는 경향을 보였다. In a heavily imposing scene of apology, it turned out that both Korean and Japanese male and female university students tend to use more ‘prepositional discourse’ and ‘negotiating discourse’. Especially, the apologetic process under this condition turned out to be quite complex; apology could or could not be accepted according to the interaction of ‘core discourse’ and ‘negotiating discourse’. 10 apologetic conversations of Korean males (total 16) and 14 apologetic conversations of Korean females (total 16) were accepted by the party who was in a position of receiving the apology, while 11 apologetic conversations of Japanese males (total 16) and 8 apologetic conversations of Japanese females (total 16) were accepted by the party who was in a position of receiving the apology. In short, it turned out that in a heavily imposing situation, ‘core discourse’ decreases while ‘negotiating discourse’-a focus on reactions to solve a problem—increases. However, both Korean and Japanese male university students tended to repeat ‘core discourse’ and ‘negotiating discourse’ in order to have their apology accepted. On the other hand, Japanese females had a strong tendency to change their intention when the party receiving the apology directly expresses rejection to the apology. Korean females showed an active tendency to propose solutions such as laying down an alternative.
鄭賢?(정현아) 한국일본어학회 2015 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.44
본고는 한일남녀대학생을 대상으로 사죄담화를 구성하는 구조와 전개, 상호작용의 특징 등을 담화레벨에서 분석하여 고찰하였다. 조건을 통제(친구사이인 한일남녀대학생)하여 롤플레이 조사방법으로 수집한 사죄장면은 “불가피한 상황으로 인한 지각과 사죄 받는 쪽에도 과실이 있는 장면”으로 부담도가 적은 사죄장면이다. 사죄담화를 교섭담화, 핵담화, 후속관련담화, 삽입담화로 하위분류하여 분석, 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부담도가 적은 사죄담화이기 때문에 모든 회화가 사죄를 받아들이고 있지만, 일본인남녀모어화자와 한국인여성모어화자는 미안하다, 죄송하다 등의 “사죄정형표현”을 사용하는 “핵담화”로 사죄담화가 시작되는 반면, 한국인남성모어화자는 장면 설정으로 인하여 상황설명과 과실에 대한 언급 등을 하는 “교섭담화”가 “핵담화”보다 먼저 나타나는 회화가 50%를 차지하였다. 특히, 상대방에게도 과실이 있는 지각장면이기 때문에 서로를 비난하는 대화가 나타났지만, 한국인남성모어화자에서 이러한 경향이 많이 보였다. 둘째, “핵담화”는 일본인남녀모어화자에서 많이 나타났고, “후속관련담화” 와 “삽입담화”는 한국인남녀모어화자에서 약간 많이 나타났다. 셋째, “핵담화”를 반복적으로 사용하는 경향은 일본인남녀모어화자, 특히 여성모어화자에게서 많이 나타났다. 넷째, 사죄내용과 관련이 없는 삽입담화가 사용되는 이유는 딱딱한 상황을 부드럽게 하기 위한 배려행동으로 볼 수 있으며, 한일남녀모어 화자에게서 공통적으로 나타났다. 사죄라는 언어행동을 담화레벨에서 분석하여 전체상을 보려는 시도는, 한국과 일본의 문화를 이해하기 위한 자료를 보다 거시적으로 제공할 수 있다고 생각한다. In a lightly imposing scene of apology, it turned out that both Korean and Japanese male and female native speakers tend to use interaction of ‘core discourse’ with formulaic expressions of apology. In particular, Japanese native speakers showed a higher tendency to use it than Korean native speakers. Since it is not a highly imposition situation of apology, they often used ‘discourses related to follow-up’ and ‘parenthetical discourse’. In detail, Japanese female native speakers had a tendency to repeat ‘core discourse’ and more ‘parenthetical discourses’ while Japanese male native speakers showed a obvious tendency to terminate conversation only with ‘core discourse’. Korean male native speakers were characterized with ‘negotiating discourse’ which occurred before ‘core discourse’ began while Korean female native speakers had a strong tendency to end conversation only with ‘core discourse’.
정현아,윤지영,황재선,주나미 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.2
The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic charateristics of cauliflower picklesmade in various compounding ratio according to central conposite design for optimum organolepticcharacteristics of the cauliflower pickles.The optimum mixing condition of cauliflower pickles were optimized, using central composite designwith 3 variables and 3 levels, by response surface methodology. The various kinds of cauliflower picklewere made in various compounding ratio of vinegar, salt and sucrose - critical ingredients of picklerecipe - and were presented to reliable panels, who graded the subjects in 7 degrees for 4 items : color,flavor, hardness and overall quality.The optimum mixing conditions of cauliflower pickle were 603.50g of vinegar, 80.13g of salt and251.07g of sucrose in the maximum point of overall quality.
중학생의 인터넷 중독 정도와 식습관 및 식생활 태도와의 관계 연구
정현아,이소정,서혜전 대한아동복지학회 2017 아동복지연구 Vol.15 No.2
This study was intended to analyze the effects of internet addiction on children’s eating habits and attitudes to diet. The subjects were 190 male and female middle school students in Daegu, and the research was conducted in May 2011. The subjects completed a questionnaire that was composed of 45 questions concerning general issues, internet use, eating habits, and attitudes to diet. The results were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 18. It showed that 68.2% of the high risk user group ate only what they wanted and 50% of them skipped a meal due to internet use. It was also found that 13.6% of the high risk user group showed changes in their pace of eating due to using the internet, and 31.8% of them showed changes in the size of their meals. The results for the preference in snacks among the high risk user group showed they preferred carbonated drinks (31.8%), cups of noodles (36.4%), confectionery (54.7%), and milk products (45.5%). Overall, there was a noticeable trend among them towards having easy to buy snacks. Therefore nutrition education is needed to form and maintain sound eating habits among children, and hiring nutrition teachers for schools is a step that Offices of Education in this country should consider.
「謝罪行動」の相互作用の結果に対する韓日対照研究 -韓日男性母語話者を研究対象にして-
정현아 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.52
This paper reviewed and analyzed the similarities and differences between the acceptable and unacceptable interactions in relation to Korean society and Japanese society based on the characteristics of the results of the interaction of the apologetic behaviors of the male Korean and Japanese speakers. The collected scenes from role-play by controlling the conditions (male Japanese and Koreans who are friends)are "a mental apology scen causing future unpleasant situations related to third parties". The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in the "utterance related to apology" area of interactions in which the apology is accepted, there was a significant difference between male Korean and Japanese speakers in the utterance of "apology", "concerns for others" and "mistake reclamation", and the utterance of "problem solving" and "acceptance" in the “utterance related to response“. However, the evaluation of the "utterance of apology" and "utterance of mistake reclamation" will be different in Korean and Japanese society. There is a concern that it may be perceived as a negative action in the two countries by just apologizing without showing concrete alternatives for problem solving or by trying to solve the problem presenting alternatives instead of apologizing for the unpleasant situation caused. Next, in the "utterance related to apology" area of the interactions in which the apology is not accepted, there was a significant difference between male Japanese and Korean speakers in the utterance of "explanation of situation", and "mistake reclamation", and the utterance of ‘criticism’ in the “utterance related to response“. The previous research showed that Japanese speakers tend to not like stating only a reason without expressing apology, and Korean speakers tend to express one’s dissatisfaction directly among close friends. Based on the results of previous studies and the results of this study, it is found that attention should be paid to the "utterance of situation explanation", "utterance of mistake reclamation” and ”utterance of criticism" in apologetic contact situation between Korea and Japan, 本研究は、韓日男性母語話者の謝罪行動の相互作用による結果の特徴を中心に、そのプロセスで見られる類似点や相違点を韓国社会や日本社会と結び付け円満な対人コミュニケーション方策についての考察を試みた。 まず、受け入れる相互作用の「謝罪関連発話文」では、「謝罪」「対人配慮」「過失修復」の発話文で有意な差が認められた。しかし「謝罪発話文」や「過失修復発話文」に関する評価は、韓国社会と日本社会で異なり、具体的な代案は示さずただ謝る行動を見せることや、不愉快な状況で謝らず代案を提示しようとする行動は、両国でマイナス行動として捉えられる恐れがあると考えられた。一方、受け入れる相互作用の「応答関連発話文」では、「問題解決」「受諾」の発話文で有意な差が認められた。重い謝罪場面では、自分のフェイスや相手のフェイス両方を考慮し「問題解決発話文」を多用している傾向が見られた。 次に、受け入れない相互作用の「謝罪関連発話文」では、「状況説明」「過失修復」の発話文で有意な差が認められた。「状況説明発話文」や「過失修復発話文」は、JMNで多く現れている発話文であるが、JMNは自分の状況を相手側に詳細に説明しようとする働きかけをKMNより多く行っており、KMNと異なり、受け入れない相互作用で「過失修復発話文」が多用する傾向が見られた。一方、受け入れない相互作用の「応答関連発話文」では、「非難発話文」で有意な差が認められたが、KMNは、直接的な「非難発話文」を非常に多く用いる傾向があった。特に「状況説明発話文」「過失修復発話文」「非難発話文」で韓国社会や日本社会で相違点が多く現れるため、韓日の謝罪の接触場面ではこれらの発話文に注意が必要であると考えられた。
물질적 피해상황에서 본 사죄담화의 한일대조연구 - 한일남녀대학생의 사용경향을 중심으로-
정현아 한국일어교육학회 2019 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.49
There is a typical type of discourse development for Korean male college students, and they represent this type of discourse more frequently than other subjects in the study. The preliminary and panic discourses take place first, followed by the negotiation discourse, which is about mentioning/identifying the situation and compensation for the damage that occurred. On the other hand, in the case of Korean female students, the frequency of using ‘negotiation discourse’ and expression of apology after the preliminary discourse and panic discourse is almost equivalent to the frequency of ‘core discourse’ use. They also tend to use ‘successive core discourse’ more often than Korean male students. In the case of Japanese male/female college students, 70% of the sample uses ‘core discourse’ or ‘successive core discourse’ after the preliminary and panic discourses, repeatedly using the expression of apology while (at the same time) mentioning /identifying the situation and speaking about compensation. This was a common feature in both of male and female students in Japan. Something of note is that Japanese male college students tend to use the expression of apology a lot more frequently than students of the same gender in Korea. Also Japanese female college students’ discourse of apology acceptance appears more frequently in relation to other subjects of study due to the apologizing person acknowledging their responsibility and using repeated expressions of apology. 본 연구는, 물질적 피해상황에서 일어나는 사죄담화의 특징을 한일남녀대학생 48대화데이터를 분석하여 고찰하였다. 한국남자대학생은 전치담화, 패닉담화 다음에 상황언급, 상황확인, 피해변상 등의 ‘교섭담화’가 먼저 나타난 후에 사죄표현을 하는 ‘핵담화’로 이어지는 전개유형이 다른 연구대상자들에 비해 빈번하게 사용되는 특징을 보였다. 또한 핵담화를 사용할 때에도 사죄표현을 연속적으로 하기 보다는 사태파악을 위한 언급을 하면서 상호작용하려는 경향이나타났다. 그에 반에 한국여자대학생은 전치담화, 패닉담화 다음에 ‘교섭담화’와 사죄표현을 하면서 상황확인과 피해변상을 하는 ‘핵담화’가 거의 동일한 비율로 나타났고 ‘연속핵담화’도 한국남자대학생에 비해 많이 사용되는 경향을보였다. 일본남녀대학생은 전치담화, 패닉담화 다음에 ‘핵담화’ 또는 ‘연속핵담화’가 나타나는 대화가 거의 70%를 차지하고있으며 사죄표현을 반복적으로 사용하면서 상황언급, 상황확인, 피해변상 등의 발화가 동시에 사용되는 특징을 공통적으로 보였다. 특히 일본남자대학생은 같은 동성인 한국남자대학생에 비해 사죄표현을 매우 빈번하게 사용하는 경향이 나타났고, 일본여자대학생은 사죄하는 쪽의 책임인정과 반복적인 사죄표현으로 인해 사죄받는 쪽이 빠른 단계에서사죄를 받아들이는 발화가 다른 연구대상자들에 비해 상대적으로 많이 나타났다.
정현아,박소현,백종관,김효정,박경옥 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2022 생활과학연구논총 Vol.26 No.1
This study aims to suggest physical standards and supplementary operation data for the cooperative childcare place established to reduce the burden on parents and increase social activities for them and their children through actual space or facility condition, operation, and usage analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to (1) establish the size standard of the cooperative childcare place and establish the differentiated placement standard of the number of rooms and the facilities according to the size, (2) divide the cooperative childcare place into main, auxiliary, and other spaces, (3) make the main space a variable one, (4) assign personnel such as supervisors and paid volunteers to the cooperative childcare place, set fixed working hours, and extend the time that the children remain in the childcare.