The Romantic Sonnet Tradition and the Strategy in Keats’s Sonnet Writing

Chung, Chulmin(정철민) 새한영어영문학회 2012 새한영어영문학 Vol.54 No.4

The paper aims to demonstrate John Keats’s distinctive use of the sonnet form whereby the poet represented the conflict and reconciliation between the poetic ideal and his mortal selfhood, working within the sonnet’s predetermined bipartite structure. Keats inherited the sentimental inclinations of the late eighteenth-century sonneteers and maintained their use of the sonnet’s conventional bipartite structure. He also adopted the Romantic sonnet’s interest in the representations of the perceiving mind. In the way Keats reaches a solid re-affirmation of man’s existence, however, he established his unique sonnet model which concerns repeatedly the negatively capable existence, battling its way through the problems of self and its conflict with others; and which is not overwhelmed by melancholia or by the Romantic’s masculine austerity. Keats was concerned more with his intense and lonely personal suffering by departing from the Elizabethan sonnet’s niceties and graces of love, and from the Romantics’preoccupation with the visionary mode of imagination and self. This is the reason why one can detect in Keats’s sonnets dignity and strength, despite their apparent expression of a sentimental atmosphere.

효율적 내수면 안전관리

정철민(Chul-Min Chung),양기근(Gi-Geun Yang) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 국내 내수면 안전관리 실태를 살펴보고 그 문제점을 진단하여 내수면에서의 인명사고를 예방하고 인명피해를 최소화하기 위한 방안을 마련하기 위한 것이다. 현재 내수면 안전관리의 문제점은 크게 4가지 측면으로 분석된다. 첫째, 내수면 안전관리를 총괄하는 법령 부재와 같은 「법률적 측면」, 둘째, 내수면 안전사고 예방을 위한 교육프로그램 부재와 수난구조 전문가 부족과 같은 「학습적 측면」, 셋째, 수난사고 신고체계 분산과 사고대응에 있어서의 민관 파트너십의 부족과 같은 「협력적 측면」, 넷째, 내수면 수난사고에 대한 현장대응 능력 및 전문성 부족과 안전관리체계의 분산·중첩에 따른 「현장대응성 측면」이다. 이러한 문제점의 개선을 위해 경기도 및 강원도 수상레저 종사자 및 이용자에 대한 설문과 그 분석을 토대로 개선방안을 모색하였다. 「법률적 측면」에서는 ‘내수면 수상안전관리에 관한 특별법(가칭)’제정, 「학습적 측면」에서는 내수면 안전교육 프로그램 개발과 수난사고 전문가 양성, 「협력적 측면」에서는 내수면 안전사고 통합 상황관리 운영시스템 마련과 안전네트워크 활성화 및 민관 파트너십 재정립, 「현장대응성 측면」에서는 현장대응 능력과 전문성 확보 및 소방중심의 내수면 안전관리 통합 등을 제시하였다. This study aims to prepare countermeasures to prevent and minimize drowning accident in inland waters by examining the current status of inland water safety management in Korea and diagnosing the defects. The defects in current inland water safety management is analyzed in four aspects. First is the legal defect that includes the absence of legislation that directs the inland water safety management. Second is the instructional defect such as the absence of educational program for prevention of inland water accidents and lack of professional water rescue experts. Third is cooperation defect such as dispersed reporting system and lack of private-public partnership in accident response. Fourth is the defect of emergency response ability, professionalism and accident response skills due to the dispersion and overlaps of safety management systems. In order to improve these defects, this study finds the countermeasures based on the survey of water sports professions and users and its analysis as follows: legislation of ‘(tentatively named) special act for water safety management in inland waters’ is suggested in the legal aspects. A development of inland waters safety education program and training of water accident experts are suggested in the instructional aspects. Integrated operational system for water accident management, activation of safety network and re-establishment of private-public partnership are suggested in the cooperation aspects. Systematic and efficient inland water safety management plans such as enhancement of accident response skills and expertise and integrated inland water safety management with fire department-centered system were suggested in the aspects of emergency response ability.

키츠의 시적 정체성 형성 전략

정철민 ( Chulmin Chung ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문은 자신의 한계를 인식하고 자아의 욕망을 비워냄으로써 불안감에 잠식당하지 않는 성숙한 시인으로서의 정체성을 정립하고자 했던 키츠의 독특한 정체성 형성 전략을 분석하고자 한다. 키츠는 시인으로서의 짧은 활동 기간 동안 위대한 시인이 되어 명성을 얻을 수 있다는 강한 자신감을 보이기도 했지만, 한편으로는 그 목표를 달성할 만큼 뛰어난 시적 능력을 갖추지 못했다는 것에 대한 인식에서 오는 불안감을 동시에 표현했던 시인이다. 본 논문은 그의 서신과 『엔디미온』에서 공통적으로 발견할 수 있는 시인의 전략, 즉 자아를 비움으로써 성숙한 시를 이해할 수 있는 시적 자아를 형성하고자 하는 그의 심적 태도를 분석하고 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 시인이 자신에 대한 기대와 실망을 반복하는 과정을 통해 오히려 자신의 정체성을 형성하며 견실한 시적 발전을 이루게 되었음을 밝히고 있다. The main concern of this paper is to examine Keats’s strategy of shaping poetic identity, insisting that the poet’s denial of the selfhood is not connected to the destructive movement; rather, it is based on the constructive sense of emptying. Keats often oscillates between confidence in becoming a great poet and having great fame, and diffidence resulting from the lack of ability as a poet. By reading his letters and Endymion, this paper suggests that Keats’s oscillating mind can be seen as not so much negative influence which makes him incompetent, as an opportunity to make progress in shaping his poetic identity.

엘긴 조각상과 키츠 그리고 소네트 화자

정철민(Chung, Chul Min) 신영어영문학회 2021 신영어영문학 Vol.78 No.-

Unlike John Keats’s earlier sonnets, which repeatedly show his faith in ideal poetry and strong self-confidence, “On Seeing the Elgin Marbles” represents a moment of weakness and despondence. For this reason, published researches on the sonnet mainly relate its gloomy mood to the poet’s state of mind, arguing that Keats is overwhelmed by the experience of the Marbles and fails to create poetry about the experience. This paper, however, suggests that the Elgin Marbles sonnet does not express the poet’s private feelings and that it purely represents Keats’s independent poetic interpretation of the Marbles, based on his free activity of imagination. The sonnet, thus, shows a new thematic complexity, which was an important step forward and paved the way for his later mature poems.

키츠의 시적 성장과 소네트

정철민(Chung, Chulmin) 새한영어영문학회 2013 새한영어영문학 Vol.55 No.4

In recent studies of the sonnet tradition in the early nineteenth century, Keats’s sonnets, which need to be understood in terms of the development of the poet’s distinctive poetic system, have been undervalued. Keats’s understanding of the new sonnet tradition offered him the poetic strength to express lyric qualities as well as the power of his integrated selfhood. His early sonnets repeatedly trace a poetic process in which a sensual experience is completed only when it ends in the composition of poetry while Keats’s latter sonnets represent his earnest and persistent inquiry into the conditions of his existence as a poet. Even, in the way the twentieth-century sonneteers represent the troubling aspect of modern times and a solid re-affirmation of man’s existence, their sonnet model finds its origin in Keats’s sonnet model which concerns the negatively capable existence, battling its way through the problems of self. The purpose of this paper is to re-evaluate Keats’s sonnets as a key place in which the poet wrestles with the conflicts between poetic ideal and his limited selfhood as a poet. This paper reveals the interrelationship between the Keats’s sonnets and his modes of perception, and emphasizes the significance of the composition of sonnets for Keats’s poetic development.

키츠의 ‘슬픈 지옥’과 그의 인식 태도

정철민 ( Chulmin Chung ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.4

본 논문은 키츠의 소네트, 「헤르메스가 자신의 가벼운 깃털로 도망치려 할 때」가 시인 자신의 시적 성장에 있어서 중대한 의미를 갖고 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 논문은 해당 소네트의 주제와 그의 서신에 나타난 독자적인 철학적 개념이라 할 수 있는 ‘영혼이 만들어지는 계곡’의 의미를 분석하고 있다. 그 결과로서, 본 연구는 그의 소네트가 이상과 현실의 충돌이나 시인의 현실 도피적 태도를 보여주고 있는 것으로 간주하고 있는 기존의 사회역사적 읽기 방식에 정확히 부합하기보다는, 시인의 현실에 대한 인식 태도에 중요한 변화가 발생했음을 보여주고 있음을 주장하고 있다. 즉, 그의 소네트가 고통과 즐거움이 공존하는 인간 세계에 대한 시인의 깊은 통찰력을 대변해주고 있으며, 이는 자연과 시의 즐거움을 주로 다루었던 시인의 초기 작품과 큰 대조를 이루고 있음을 밝히고 있다. This paper attempts to present the significance of Keats’s sonnet, “As Hermes once took to his feather light”, in the context of his poetic development. This study analyzes the thematic matter of the sonnet as well as the poet’s unique philosophical term, “the vale of Soul-making”, shown in his letter. As a result, this study proves that the sonnet does not quite follow a socio-historical reading that focuses on the conflict between ideal and reality, and the poet’s escapism; and that the sonnet rather reveals a significant change in the poet’s mode of perception, regarding his reality. Namely, this paper indicates Keats’s deeper understanding of the condition of the human mind in which pain and pleasure are intermingled, quite distinctive from his juvenile poetry that focuses mainly on the pleasure of nature and poetry.

20대 성인의 하지 근수축 특성이 보행에 미치는 영향

정철민(Chung, Chul-Min),신성훈(Shin, Sung-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower limb muscle contractile properties and walking ability. We measured muscle contractile properties and the walking ability using a Tensiomyography (TMG) and a 6-axis IMU sensor accelerometer (GaitUp Physiology<SUP>®</SUP> 5) of young 25 adults. The measured data were subjected to stepwise multiple regression analysis with the muscle contractile parameters as the independent variable and the gait variables as the dependent variable. The results showed that the maximal displacement (Dm) which quantified muscle stiffness, and contraction time (Tc) which magnified the muscle contraction of each muscle were significantly correlated with the general, temporal, spatial gait parameters and foot kinematics. Also the muscle contractile parameters were identified as potential factors affecting walking performance. The results of this study suggest that improving muscle strength and muscle condition through proper strength training or rest may help improve walking ability. In addition, TMG could be considered to be effective as a methodology for predicting gait performance.

9세 아동의 보행 가변성 연구

신성훈(Shin, Sung-Hoon),이윤곤(Lee, Yun-Gon),정철민(Chung, Chul-Min) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The purpose of this study is to determine how the control of covariates (height, weight, and walking speed) affects the changes in gait performance and gait variability in walking of 9-year-old children and young adults in their 20s. It is to understand how age affects actual gait performance and variability regardless of physical condition. Thirteen male 9-year-old children (9.43±0.19) and 13 young adults (21.69±1.60) living in the community, a total of 26 participants participated in this study. Participants wore 7D IMU sensors on both feet and walked for 6 minutes. From the data measured through the 6-minute walk, the gait performance variables was calculated as the average value of measured gait parameters. Gait variability was calculated by defining CV values of the measured gait parameters. As a result of performing ANCOVA controlled by a covariate in the gait performance comparison, there was no difference in performance between children and young adults, and there was a difference in gait variability in gait cycles (s), cadence (step/min), and stride length (m). This shows that children"s gait shows high variability due to lack of physical condition and gait speed as well as muscle strength and muscle nerve control ability compared to adults, and that gait regulation process is highly likely to be incomplete. This conclusion suggests that gait variability should be a factor in determining effective gait characteristics in children"s gait studies.