남북국시대에 관한 중화인민공화국의 반론에 대한 비판

정진현(JUNG Jin-hun) 고구려발해학회 2007 고구려발해연구 Vol.29 No.-

The aims of the project of Dongbuk is to research that the history of Manchuria has not relationship with korean history but has much relationship with chinese history. Therefore the researchers of China proper who have taken pan in the projects of Dongbuk proclaimed that Balhae and Koguryo had much relationship not to Korea but to China. The most important problem on the Balhae history is that it was belong to korean history and succeeded the kingdom of Koguryo has been attacked by them furiously. Looking into their papers on them, I have found that their target is to denied the Yu Duk Gong's theory. So thus I have studied and arranged all about Nambukguk theory from it's origin to it's conclusion, the Nambukguk times theory. And after this, I arranged the principals and paradigms of the Nambukguk times theory. Nambukguk theory had been expressed in the preface of the Balhaego written by Yu Duk Gong(l748-1807). In this, he had asserted that 3 kingdoms age succeeded by Nambukguk which was consisted by the enlarged Silla in the southern part and the kingdom of Balhae which succeded the kingdom of Koguryo in the northern part. Of course, I think that Yu had no notion of the historical word, times. But his notion of Nambukguk had given strong impact to Han Chi Yun, Chung Yak Yong, Hong Suk Joo, Kim Jung Ho and Sin chae Ho. So they had adopted Yu's idea and had studied the history of Balhae kingdom. In the imperial Japan colonial times, the korean people encountered the crisis to be perished away. So they studied their ancient history focusing at the spirit of nation and reached to the Nambukguk times theory. I can introduce the scholars. They are Jang Do Bin, Son Jin Tae, and so on. After liberating from imperial Japan, Pak Si Hyung and Yi Woo Sung presented the very same idea of Yu Duk Gong. Otherwise, in the past the respecters of China proper studied the history of Manchuria what they occupied in order to obtain historical evidences about it. in the first step they encountered one of the most important thing that where Balhae history belongs to. But at last they founded that there is no clue that Balhae history belonged to chinese history, and became to know the existence of Nambukguk theory in Korea. So they showed their nervous attitude and attacked Yu and Yu's work, Balhaego They are Sun Wei Ryang, WangJin Kun and Sun Jin Ji. In these years, Quo S00 Mei, Woo Wei Hwan, Wang Cung Quo, Chang Bee Puo and Chao Hong who took part in the project of Dongbuk argued that the history of Balhae belongs to chinese history without reason. Reading their papers on this carefully, I find out that they perhaps wrote the papers following some directions which ordered by someone. So the papers of their look like same one written by one people. Conclusionally speaking, I can declare that they commit following 3 points that were very important and became the basic conditions to study ancient history. 1. They selected and analyzed historical matters in such a very simple way. 2. They misunderstand the ancient history by their wrong view of the world, so called Cheonhagwan. 3. They have no notion of the change in community in ancient society. In these 3 facts, I determined that they who took part in the project of Dongbuk had made no development in studying Balhae history. They only followed the bad points of the principals of the historical view, Manseon historical view in imperial Japan times.

애기똥풀 추출액으로 염색한 견직물의 항균성

정진순 ( Jin Soun Jung ) 한국의류산업학회 2009 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.11 No.5

하절기 천안 제 2산업단지의 대기오염확산 및 악취물질에 관한 연구

정진도(Jin Do Chung),홍정희(Jeng Hee Hong),김수영(Su Young Kim),김정태(Jung Tae Kim),최소진(So Jin Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2006 대한환경공학회지 Vol.28 No.12

유⋅초등학교 교사의 공학기술문화에 대한 교육요구도 분석

정진현(Jung Jin Hyun) 한국실과교육학회 2013 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구에서는 공학기술문화 교육 콘텐츠를 개발하는데 있어 영향을 미칠 수 있는 유⋅초등학교교사의 공학기술문화에 대한 교육요구도를 조사하여 분석하였다. 조사 내용은 공학기술의 특성, 공학기술의 내용, 공학기술의 능력, 과정 및 수준, 공학기술의 콘텐츠 교육방법이다. 설문방법은 우편조사이고, 설문지 1,055부를 통계 처리하였으며, 교육요구도는 보리치 공식을 이용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 항목에서 요구되는 능력수준과 현재 자신의 능력수준의 격차가 크다고 볼 수 있다. 2. 공학기술의 특성과 관련한 항목 중에서 ‘공학기술적 사고와 창의성’ 항목의 교육 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공학기술의 내용에서 제조 영역은 ‘간단한 도면 작성하기’ 항목이, 건설 영역은 ‘모형 다리 만들기’ 항목, 에너지⋅수송 영역은 ‘수소 자동차 이해’ 항목, 정보통신 영역은 ‘간단한 교육용 멀티미디어 자료 제작’ 항목, 생명 영역은 ‘유전공학의 이해’ 항목, 전기⋅전자와 기계영역은 ‘로봇의 이해와 간단한 로봇 조립’ 항목, 발명 영역은 ‘지식 재산과 특허 출원’ 항목이 가장 교육 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 공학기술의 콘텐츠 교육방법과 관련한 항목 중에서는 ‘공학기술 관련 견학 및 체험활동’ 항목이 가장 교육 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 분산분석 결과, 5개의 집단별로 요구되는 능력수준은 부분적으로 유의한 차이를 보이는 반면, 자신의 능력수준은 모든 항목들이 유의한 차이를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic materials for developing contents of engineering technology culture education. This study investigated about characteristics of engineering technology, contents of engineering technology, ability, process, and level of engineering technology, and education method of engineering technology contents, and analyzed an educational needs of kindergarten teachers and elementary teachers. The educational needs of teachers were calculated by using the Borich s formula. All teachers who taught students the kindergarten and elementary school in Korea were considered. The data was collected by using the mailed questionnaire developed by researcher and 1,055 cases were analyzed finally. The major finding of this study were follows; 1. All items showed high gap between required competence level and present competence level. 2. In the educational needs of characteristics of engineering technology, engineering technological thinking and creativity was high. In the engineering technology contents, the simple drawing out of manufacture area was high, and the model bridge making out of construction area, the hydrogen car understanding out of energy⋅transportation area, the simple multimedia making out of information communication area, the genetic engineering understanding out of life area, the robot understanding and simple robot assembling out of electric⋅electronic and machine area, the intellectual property and patent out of invention area. 3. In the educational needs of education method of engineering technology contents, the observation and experience action about engineering technology was high. 4. Results of variance analysis, required competence level at 5 group showed meaningful difference partly, but all items of present competence level showed meaningful difference.

초등학교 목공작 지도의 의식과 실태에 관한 연구

정진현(Jung Jin Hyun),신금옥(Shin Keum Ok) 한국실과교육학회 2000 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study obtain to the guideline for teaching wood working in the classroom. We sent a questionnaire on wood working instruction to third, fourth, fifth and sixth grade teachers who were teaching the practical arts courses in the city of Taegu and North Kyungsang Province. We received 180 valid responses. The major findings of this study were as below: 1. Children increased to be clumsy with the wood working tool. 2. It is ill equipped the wood working tool for having practice in elementary school. 3. There is insufficiently the school hour which to need the wood working instruction. 4. In the wood working instruction, 43.4% of total responser be conducted the theory centered teaching, and 56.7% of total responser be conducted the practice centered teaching.

심한 호산구증다증을 동반한 소아 Fascioliasis 간농양 1례

정진아 ( Jin A Jung ),이주석 ( Ju Suk Lee ),안강모 ( Kang Mo Ahn ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 2003 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.13 No.3

일본고대왕권과빈례(賓禮)

정진아(Jung Jin ah) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2017 일본연구 Vol.27 No.-

본 연구에서는 고려 및 일본의 조하 의식과 연회를중심으로 각각의 의례가 가지는 특이성에 대하여 고찰해보았다. 먼저일본과 달리 팔관회에 외국인을 위한 조하 의식이 별도로 규정되었는데, 이는 조공을 바치러 온 상인들을철저하게 외부인자로 파악하려는 의도라 볼 수 있으며, 고려왕과 외신 관계를 맺지 않은 점도 이를뒷받침한다고 하겠다. 일본의 경우도 외국사절들은내신과 구분되는 존재였으나 고려와 달리 일본의 귀족들과 함께 조하 의식에 참가하며 천황과의 외신 관계를염두에 둔 일련의 의식 절차가 행해졌다. 고려와 일본의 연회의 특징을 정리하면, 팔관회의 경우 참석 자격이 9품의 문무관에 이르기까지 대상 범위가 넓은 연회 의장이며, 왕이 하사하는 하방형(↓) 의례와 군신(君臣) 간의 헌상⇔하사의 쌍방형 의례가 복합적으로 이루어지면서 실제적인 상호 간의 행위성이 중요하게 작동하고 있다. 무엇보다도 왕을 중심으로 한 군신 질서의 재확인과 유대감의 극대화야말로 팔관회를 관통하는 중심 이념이었다고 말 할 수 있을 것이다. 반면 일본 의원 일체 회는 위계라는 것이의식의 흐름을 관통하는 황금률로 작동하고 있었다. 오 위 이상의 문관에게만 참가 자격이 주어진다는 점과, 위계에 바탕을 둔 상하질서에 따라 입장하며, 천황에게 술을 하사받은 것도 대표자에게 한정되었던 것처럼, 팔관회와 달리어 왕과 군신 간의 상호성이배제된 수직 하방형의 구조라고 할 수 있겠다. 민족 고유의 성격이 강한 팔관회에 외국인 조하 의식이제정된 것은, 11세기 초 귀 주대첩으로 거란과의 전쟁이종결된 후 고려의 국제적 위상이 크게 상승하면서 나타난 대외적인 정치력의 표출로 이해되기도 한다. 즉 실질적인 외교관계에 바탕으로 둔 국가적인 위상과 자의식에 연동되어 외국인 조하 의식의 설정과 같이의식 규정에도 변화를 가져왔다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 대외 질서의 역학계에 따라 참석자가유동적일 수밖에 없는 팔관회의 조하 의례에서, 외국인과 같은 외부인자들과 외신을 맺는 대신, 의식과 연회에서 고려왕의 덕화를 흠모하여 조공을 바치는고려적인 천하 관내에서 구성 분자로서의 역하라 규정으로 충분하였던 것은 아닐까 생각한다. 반면, 일본의 의례를 관통하는 중심축은바로 천황과 군신과의 인격적인 결합으로 상질되는 관료제 질서의 틀 속에서의 일체성을 강하게 내포한다. 엄격한 위계제 질서를 바탕으로 실제적인 행위성이배제된 상징적인 군신 쌍방향 간의 커뮤니케이션을 반복 확인하는 구조였다. 특히 율령제 국가의 확립과 함께‘동이의 소지에 국’이라는 폐쇄적인 화이논리를 설정하여 신라와 발해를 번국으로 설정하게 된다. 고려의 유동적인 대외환경과 달랐던 고대 일본의 대외 구도는 신라와 발해로 고정될 수밖에 없었으며 발해와 신라는 영구적인 번국으로 자리매김되었다. 따라서 외국사절들에게 상징적인 위계 하사를 통한 영구적인 외신의 설정과 함께, 연회에서도 번 객들의 참석을염두에 둔 본국 악의 연주라는 상징적인 복속 의례규정을마련하였다. 나아가조서를통한상대국왕과의커뮤니케이션 구도를 통하여 실재를 넘어선 천황 중심의 과잉이이데올로기를 대외 영역에까지 확대재생산하려고 했던 것이다. 고려와 일본 모두 외부인자들은양국의 화이 질서의 당위성을 입증하는 구성 분자로서의 역할을수행하였다. 하지만 고대 일본에서는 물리적인 영역의 확장성과 반비례하며 의식에서 권력이 표상하는 상징성은농후하게 표출되었다고 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity of each rite based on the consideration of Joha rituals and banquets in Goryeo and Japan. In both countries, foreign agents such as foreign envoys and merchants were used as devices to strengthen internal governance, but the differences were confirmed. Unlike Japan, the Joha ceremony for foreign merchants was separately defined in the Palgwanhoe. This can be seen as an intention to hold the merchants who came to the tribute to be thoroughly outsiders, and it is also supported by the fact that they did not have a relationship with the king of Goryeo. In the case of Japan, the foreign envoys were distinguished from the latter, but unlike Goryeo, they participated in the Joha ceremony with the Japanese nobles, and a series of rituals were conducted with the emperor in mind. The characteristics of Goryeo and Japan banquets are summarized as follows: In the case of Palgwanhoe, the scope of the banquet is broad, ranging to officials of the 9th rank and military courtiers, and as downward direction type royal rituals (↓) and the two?way rituals of the servants are combined, practical mutual behavior was regarded as important. Above all, reaffirming the military order and centering on the king, and maximizing the bondage, could be said to be the central idea that penetrated Palgwanhoe. On the other hand, it can be said that the Japanese one-sided society is a vertical downward structure in which the hierarchy functions as a golden rule that penetrates the flow of consciousness and excludes the reciprocity between the king and the military. Goryeo changed the consciousness regulations such as the setting of the foreigner Joha ceremony linked to the national status and self-consciousness based on actual diplomatic relations. I think that the Joha ritual, a participant in a floating relationship with the dynamics of the external order, was sufficient as a constituent molecule in a considerable underworld, instead of establishing external factors such as merchants. On the other hand, the central axis penetrating Japanese ritual strongly implies the unity in the framework of the bureaucratic order, which is symbolized by the personal combination of the Emperor and the military. In particular, the external composition of ancient Japan, which was different from the flexible external environment of Goryeo, had to be fixed by Silla and Balhae, and Balhae and Silla became permanent tributary states. Therefore, through the symbolic hierarchical setting of the foreign envoys and the communication with the king through the letter of the Emperor (Imperial message), the emperor- centered excess ideology beyond reality would be expanded to the outside world.

innocence of childhood

정진순 ( Jung Jin Soun ) 한국기초조형학회 2019 한국기초조형학회 작품집 Vol.2019 No.1

개구리밥 추출물 및 개구리밥과 곰보배추 혼합 추출물로 염색한 면직물의 염색성 및 기능성

정진순 ( Jin-soun Jung ),장현주 ( Hyun-joo Jang ) 한국의류산업학회 2016 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study looks into the dyeing properties and functionality of cotton fabrics dyed in both the Spirodela polyrhiza extract and the extract resulting from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza. Since the UVVis Spectrum of the methanol extract of Spirodela polyrhiza shows absorption peaks at 256, 268nm, and 345nm, it can be inferred that the compound that Spirodela polyrhiza contains is a flavonoid. In addition, it can also be presumed that, by analyzing the infrared absorption spectrum of Spirodela polyrhiza, the plant contains flavonoid compounds, just like Salvia plebeia R. Br.. The UV protection factors of the cotton fabrics dyed in both the Spirodela polyrhiza extract and the extract from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza were 50+, presenting outstanding UV protection factors. The deodorization rate of the cotton dyed in the Spirodela polyrhiza extract was between 30 and 120 minutes, and the rate rose from 92% to 97% as time passed. The deodorization rate of the cotton dyed in the extract from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza increased from 88% to more than 91%. The result also revealed that overall the fastness of color, including color fastness to washing related to change in color, as well as the color fastness to light of the fabric dyed in the extract from the mixture of the two plants improved, compared to the cloth dyed only in Spirodela polyrhiza extract. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was also strengthened.

백서 심근에서 plasmid 벡터를 이용한 유전자 전달 및 VEGF 유전자 발현의 특성

정진옥 ( Jin Ok Jeong ),박선진 ( Sun Jin Park ),허정은 ( Jeong Eun Huh ),정은아 ( Eun Ah Jung ),오주현 ( Ju Hyeon Oh ),권현철 ( Hyeon Cheol Gwon ),이영주 ( Young Joo Lee ),김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ),박정의 ( Jeong Euy Park ),이원로 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.60 No.1

N/A Background : The purpose of this study was to compare gene expression among newly designed eukaryotic expression vectors, and to characterize the pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression using the most potent plasmids DNA vector. Methods : After exposure of a beating rat heart (Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g), 5 different types of plasmid DNA was injected directly into the myocardium. Reporter protein was analyzed by ELISA in the extracted heart. Results : The vector harboring cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and enhancer induced the strongest expression of reporter gene (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase; CAT) compared to those of pC3.1, pEF1a, RSV, pActin in the rat heart via direct injection of plasmid DNA into the apex (p<0.001). Using pCN-CAT, gene expression showed a dose-dependent response over a range of 0.3-10 ㎍. CAT expression could be detected up to 30 days after 10 ㎍ of pCN-CAT injection with the maximal expression on day 5. In X-gal staining of injected pCN-lacZ gene, β-galactosidase was found only around the needle track in the apex. The expressed hVEGF121 had biologic activity with vascular permeability assay (Miles assay) in guinea pigs. After injection of pCN-hVEGF121 into the apex of the rat heart, the expression of VEGF protein was dose-dependent over the range of 25 and 500 ㎍. VEGF expression was detected up to 14 days with its peak on day 2 after injection of 250 ㎍ of pCN-hVEGF121. When plasmid was injected into the apex of the rat heart, the expression of VEGF in the heart showed concentration gradient from the apex to the base. However, the expression of CAT was detected only in the apex. Conclusion : Plasmids vector with hCMV IE promoter/enhancer will provide clear advantages over other previously developed plasmids and the information regarding the behaviors of VEGF expression may be useful in angiogenic gene therapy of the heart.(Korean J Med 60:3-15, 2001)