지반 보강과 배수를 위한 이중기능 록볼트 성능 검증에 관한 연구

정영훈,김두래,김경철,신종호,Jung, Young-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Rae,Kim, Kyeong-Cheol,Shin, Jong-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2018 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

록볼트는 지하굴착 중 불연속 암반을 보강하기 위하여 흔히 사용하는 대표적인 지보재 중의 하나이다. 용수가 많은 현장에서는 굴착 시공성을 개선하고 록볼트의 정착효과를 증진하기 위하여 별도의 Drain pipe 설치하게 된다. Drain pipe는 배수경로를 제공하여 작업성 개선에 효과적이지만 지반보강효과를 기대하기 어렵고, 다수 설치 시 불연속 암반의 교란을 증가시키며, 공사비 증가 요인이 된다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 암반의 보강과 배수를 겸한 Dual purpose rockbolt (DPR)를 개발하였다. DPR은 신속하고, 경제적으로 암반의 역학적 수리적 안정성을 개선할 수 있었다. FRP (유리섬유 보강 플라스틱)와 steel을 이용한 2가지 DPR을 개발하여 역학적 수리적 성능을 검토하였고, 시공성과 안정성을 분석하였다. Rockbolt is one of the most common supports used to reinforce discontinuous rock during underground excavation. Extra drain pipes are installed to improve excavation workability and the anchorage of rockbolts in water bearing ground. The drain pipe is effective in improving the workability by providing drainage path, but it is difficult to expect the reinforcement effect, increasing disturbance of the discontinuous rock mass and the construction cost. To solve this problem, dual purpose rockbolt (DPR) has been developed for the reinforcement of rock and the drainage of ground water. DPR was able to improve the mechanical and hydraulic stability of the rocks quickly and economically. Two kinds of DPRs using FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and steel were investigated for the mechanical and hydraulic performance. Also, the workability and stability of DPR were analyzed.

마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스를 이용한 바이오산업의 동향

정영훈 ( Young Hoon Jung ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 논문에서는 나노셀룰로오스의 일종으로 최근 가장 주목을 받고 있는 소재인 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스에 대하여 살펴보았다. 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 리그노셀룰로오스계 바이오매스의 셀룰로오스에서 유래한 섬유로 풍부하고, 재생가능하며, 지속 가능한 천연 소재의 일종이다. 주로 물리적 전처리에 의해 생성되며, 나노미터에서 마이크로미터에 이르는 다양한 소섬유들의 결합으로 이루어져 있다. 이로 인해 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 높은 표면적과, 높은 aspect ratio, 그리고 특이적인 용해성을 가지게 되고, 이는 전통적인 목재 산업 뿐만 아니라, 최신식의 식품/바이오/화학/의료 산업에 이르는 다양한 영역에의 적용 가능성을 보여주는 주요한 원인이 된다. 한편 이러한 응용력에도 불구하고, 아직 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 제조 시 필요한 높은 에너지량과 반응성 조절의 어려움 때문에 상업적으로 많은 주목을 받지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스의 기질에 대한 특성을 이해 및 구체화하고, 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스의 피브릴화도를 선택하며, 표면의 개량을 선택적으로 조절할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하는 연구가 필요할 것이다. 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스가 향후 우리나라의 산업 전반에 걸쳐 활용될 수 있기를 기대해 본다. In this review, we focus on one of the most attractive biomaterials, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). MFC, a type of nanocellulose, mainly originates from cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. MFC represents one of incredible important natural resources due to its abundancy, renewability, and sustainability. MFC is produced through mechanical pretreatment, and it is composed of various sizes of microfibers, ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. Because of the heterogenetic compositions of MFC, it possesses superior properties as a material, such as high surface area, high aspect ratio, and peculiar insolubility as a biomaterial. These properties allow MFC to be used in various bio-industries, from the traditional pulp industry to the high-tech food/bio/chemical/medical industries. However, it is difficult to use MFC on a commercial scale owing to the high energy input required during its production and the challenge of controlling its reactivity. Therefore, future studies should be focused on accurately characterizing MFC`s surface morphologies, regulating its characteristics in a desirable direction, and standardizing proper guidelines for the analysis of surface morphologies its analysis.

CEL 기법을 활용한 사질토 지반의 콘관입시험 유한요소해석

정영훈(Jung, Young-Hoon),우상인(Woo, Sang-Inn),김성민(Kim, Seongmin) 한국지반신소재학회 2019 한국토목섬유학회 학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.3

출력밀도 향상을 위한 매입형 영구자석 동기전동기의 회전자 형상 변화

정영훈(Young-Hoon Jung),채승희(Seung-Hee Chai),윤명환(Myung-Hwan Yoon),홍정표(Jung-Pyo Hong) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

This paper presents power density improvement in accordance with rotor shape change. Prototype has design specifications which are 8 pole/48 slot, 143Nm. Prototype’s permanent magnet is buried with single layer in rotor. Proposed double layer model is changed in rotor shape for improvement of reluctance torque. Double layer model is characterized by buried double layer permanent magnet in rotor. Armature current is decreased in same torque by increase of reluctance torque. Stack length is decreased as much as a reduction ratio of armature current. Therefore, motor weight is come down and efficiency is increased as compared with prototype because of reduction of coil resistance.

경영상 이유에 의한 해고 대상자의 선정기준에 관한 헌법적 검토

정영훈(Jung Young-hoon) 한국비교노동법학회 2014 노동법논총 Vol.30 No.-

This article focuses on drawing the legally restrictive standard of designating the workers who are to be laid off from the constitution, when the employer decides the dismissal of the workers for the administrative necessity based on the Constitution. Of which the part of consolidating the foundation of the law are to prevent the court from incoherently adjusting the factors to be considered as well as to define the standard drawn from the constitutional norms that legally constricts all the administrative institutions including the court itself. And these would be the most effective methodology for the decision of workers to be laid off though it is originally limited to some extent. In this regard, some points are examined to reach this conclusion, such as following: First, it is primarily regulated on Article 32 of the Constitution that workers should have the subjective rights to be protected from any dismissal including the redundancy. Accordingly, workers may require the legislation against arbitrary dismissal from the employer. It would account for the violation of the dismissal protective principle in either the case that the nation did not legislate the law regarding the prohibition of arbitrary dismissal or it was clear that the regulation was not effective enough. Second, the standards should always be fair and reasonable when to redundant the workers for managerial reasons based on the right to be protected against dismissal of the workers’ which is also drawn from Article 32 of the Constitution. Unless the decision was made through fair and reasonable procedure, the protection would be invalid. Third, fair and reasonable standard to decide the soon to be laid-off workers should be both in the employer’s and the workers’ interests. If the interest is biased with the employer’s, the decision would never be ‘fair and reasonable’ Fourth, one of the factors between workers’ livelihood protection and business interests could be considered as higher priority when to decide the dismissal in each practical situation whereas those factors should impartially considered from the first place in principle. Lastly, applying the objective standard to discern such factors is always difficult to manage in the legal field and accordingly this is always untenable. Yet, the essential factors regarding about the principle on the right to be protected against dismissal, as The Constitutional Federal Court as well as The Federal Labour Court in German acknowledges, should be the protective factors considering workers’ livelihood such as their age, period of their successive service or whether there is any dependant living with them.

취업규칙의 불이익변경에 관한 일고찰

정영훈(Jung young hoon) 한국노동법학회 2009 노동법학 Vol.0 No.31

The proviso of Paragraph 1 of Article 94 the Labor Standards Act in effect provides that modification the Rules of Employment unfavorably shall require the consent of a majority of the union members if the place of business has a trade union consisting of a majority of its workers, and the consent of a majority of its workers if the place of business does not have a trade union consisting of a majority of its workers, and that unfavorable modifications made to the Rules of Employment in violation of such provision shall be null and void and shall not be binding on the workers. Even though such methods for modifying the Rules of Employment unfavorably may represent an improvement, if looked at from the perspective of the principle of even decision on the working conditions, such methods harbor a controversial point wherein the interests of the minority of the workers opposed to such modification are not taken into consideration by ascribing the validity of the unfavorable modification to the rule of the consent of the majority. The purpose of this study is to argue that it is essential to supplement the procedural requirements under the provision of Article 94 of the Labor Standards Act with an examination of the procedures and contents with the foregoing controversial point in mind. Above all, with respect to the examination of the procedures, I, at the suggestion of the relevant arguments in Japan, have indicated that the labor union consisting of a majority of the workers shall have the duty of fair representation and the duty of integration of opinions, and the employer shall have the duty to listen to the opinions and the duty to integrate the opinions. Next, with respect to the examination of the contents, I, at the suggestion of the relevant arguments in Germany, have presented the justification and feasibility of the examination of the contents, observing that disadvantageous amendment to the Rules of employment under the Labor Standards Act in effect is dependent on the decision of others. This study is of the trial theory nature arguing that the conflicts of interest between the majority and minority of the workers involved in unfavorable modification to the rules of employment shall be solved by supplementing it with the examination of the procedures and contents other than by meeting the requirements under the proviso of Article 94 of the Labor Standards Act in effect, and is limited in that it has failed to deal with specifically how the procedures and contents shall be examined. However, given that the rules of employment under the Labor Standards Act stipulate almost all of the working conditions of the workers, is approved by the majority of the workers and thus can hardly secure the propriety of the procedures and contents, the issues presented in this study may be worthy of serious review until the time when the legislative perfection of the legislative system of the rules of employment is attained.

국가유공자에 대한 보상·지원의 헌법적 근거에 관한 검토

정영훈 ( Young Hoon Jung ) 한국법정책학회 2016 법과 정책연구 Vol.16 No.3

국가유공자와 같이 국가 또는 국민을 위하여 매우 가치가 높은 희생이나 공헌을 한 사람에 대해서 국가가 보상을 하는 것이 헌법이념적으로나 국가윤리적으로 지극히 타당한 것이고, 이것이 법률에 규정되어 있다고 하더라도 헌법적으로 국가가 이러한 보상에 대해서 어떠한 의무를 지고 있는가는 심도 있는 검토를 필요한다. 본 연구의 목적은 국가유공자에 대한 보상과 지원이 헌법적 의무인지를 밝히는 것에 있다. 헌법상 국가유공자에 대한 지원 및 보상에 대한 국가의 의무는 헌법 전문의 연혁적·이념적 기초로부터, 그리고 헌법 제34조 제1항 및 제2항으로부터 도출된다고 이해하는 것이 타당할 것이다. 헌법 전문의 연혁적·이념적 기초로부터 도출되는 보상·지원 의무는 매우 포괄적인 성격을 지난다. 이에 비하여 헌법 제34조 제1항 및 제2항으로부터 도출되는 의무는 신체적 완전성의 훼손이나 기회비용과 같은 희생이 있는 국가유공자에 대한 보상·지원만을 내용으로 한다. 신체적 완전성의 훼손이나 기회비용과 같은 희생이 있는 국가유공자에 대한 보상·지원만 헌법 제34조 제2항에서 규정하고 있는 사회보장 및 사회보상에 포함될 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 헌법 제34조 제1항 및 제2항의 사회보상의무로는 포섭될 수 없는 국가유공자에 대한 보상과 지원은 헌법 전문의 연혁적·이념적 기초로부터 도출되는 포괄적 성격의 의무에 의해서 포섭될 것이다. 이 경우 헌법 제34조 제1항 및 제2항의 사회보상의무에 의해서 포섭되지 못하는 국가유공자에 대한 보상 및 지원은 사회보장제도와 단절된 독자적인 보상 및 지원 체계로 될 것이다. Based on the two theoretical grounds proposed by the decision of the Constitutional Court, which are comprehensive obligations to honorably treat persons of distinguished services to the state and social security obligations under the Article 34 Section 1&2 of the Constitution, this study reviews whether the compensation and support for persons of distinguished services to the state, persons on special duties, and persons who participated in the May 18 Democratization Movement, which are provided as prescribed by positive laws, are the Constitutional obligations or not. The result of the review is summarized as below. It is reasonable to understand that the state`s obligations to support and compensate for persons of distinguished services to the state come from the historical and ideological foundation of the Preamble to the Constitution and the Article 34 Section 1&2 of the Constitution. The obligations to support and compensate emanating from the historical and ideological foundation of the Preamble to the Constitution are so comprehensive that it is inevitable to leave decisions of how and how much each benefit should be distributed to legislators` broad discretion. The positive view on the Constitutional obligations has significances in the following two aspects. First, it can secure a substantive basis on which legislators` discretion in establishing legal grounds for compensation and support not embraced by the social security obligations under the Article 34 Section 1&2 of the Constitution can be controlled. Second, it can form strong grounds that enable the compensation and support for persons of distinguished services to the state who suffered from the injury to their physical integrity or lost opportunity costs to be interpreted as falling under the scope of the social security obligations prescribed by the Article 34 Section 1&2 of the Constitution. It is because the state is held more accountable for social security obligations if the obligations are imputed to the state based on the historical and ideological foundation of the Preamble to the Constitution and the principle of law-governed state, on the other hand, legislators may have a broad discretion in deciding whether to impute social compensation responsibilities for persons of distinguished services to the state who suffered from the injury to their physical integrity or lost opportunity costs to the state merely on the basis of the principle of social state. Especially, it can be used as a powerful argumentation by which compensation and support for persons of distinguished services to the state whose sacrifices are difficult to be concretely defined can be brought within the purview of social compensation responsibilities under the Article 34 Section 1&2 of the Constitution.

제체 상태 평가를 위한 동적 콘 관입시험과 평판재하시험 결과의 상관관계 분석

정영훈(Young-Hoon Jung),김성민(Seongmin Kim),임정열(Jeong-yeul Lim) 한국지반환경공학회 2018 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.19 No.4

제체 재료의 다짐 불량에 의한 내부 침식은 국내 제방의 주요 붕괴 원인으로, 제방의 안전진단에 있어서 제체의 다짐 상태평가는 매우 중요한 점검 사항이다. 본 연구에서는 제체의 다짐상태 평가 시 동적 콘 관입시험의 현장 적용성을 검증하기 위해 대표적인 다짐평가 기법인 평판재하시험에 대해 상관관계를 분석하였다. 시험 부지의 지반 특성 및 토층 심도를 파악하기 위해 표준관입시험을 6회 수행하였다. 평판재하시험 15회, 동적 콘 관입시험 47회 수행 후 크리깅(Kriging) 기법으로 공간분포를 얻었다. 평판재하시험의 공간분포와 일정 관입깊이에서의 동적 콘 관입시험 공간분포 간의 피어슨 상관 계수를 계산하였다. 평판재하시험의 지지력과 관입 깊이 5cm, 10cm, 15cm에서의 동적 콘 관입시험의 타격횟수는 약한 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. The internal erosion due to poor compaction of the material was the main cause of collapse of the embankment in Korea. The assessment of the compaction state of the dam body was a very important check in the safety diagnosis of the embankment. In this study, the correlation between dynamic cone penetration test and plate loading test which is the most typical compaction evaluation technique was analyzed to verify the applicability of the dynamic cone penetration test in evaluating the compaction state of the dam body. The standard penetration tests were carried out six times to define soil properties and depth of the test site. The spatial distributions were obtained by the Kriging method after 15 times of plate loading tests and 47 times of dynamic cone penetration tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the spatial distribution of the plate loading test and the dynamic cone penetration test spatial distribution at the constant penetration depth was calculated. The load distribution in the plate loading test and the blow counts at penetration depths of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm in the dynamic cone penetration test showed a weak positive correlation.

스마트폰으로 수집된 영상정보의 포인트 클라우드 처리와 이를 이용한 지형정보데이터 수집

정영훈(Jung, Young-Hoon),이경섭(Lee, Kyeong-Seop),김성민(Kim, Seong-Min),김태식(Kim, Taesik),정진만(Jung, Jin-Man),민홍(Min Hong) 대한토목학회 2020 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

근로관계종료후의 경업금지의무에 관한 고찰

정영훈(Jung Young Hoon) 한국노동법학회 2009 노동법학 Vol.0 No.29

In order to discuss the Duty f non-competition, it is important to consider the validity of non-competition covenants, protection of business secrets under the Prevention of Unfair Competition Act, while taking into account their functions, roles and interrelationship. From this fundamental perspective, this study aims to consider the German legal system to come up with an interpretation to solve similar problems in the Japanese legal system. The characteristics of the German legal system on the confidentiality obligations of business secrets in post- employment context are: (1) The determining principle of protecting employees’ legitimate interests in the legal system of the confidentiality obligations of business secrets in post-employment context originated from the protection of business secrets under the Prevention of Unfair Competition Act 1896 and non-competition covenants under the commercial law in 1897. (2) The insufficient protection of business secrets under the Prevention of Unfair Competition Act is complemented by other sections of the Act and the law on illegal conduct under the Civil Code (BGB). The main principle is maintained to allow employees to use knowledge and capacity legitimately obtained during the employment without restriction in post-employment context. (3) There is an ongoing debate at a theoretical level on the post-employment validity of confidentiality obligations of business secrets. However, the principle clarified above in the legislative process of the Unfair Competition Act is still maintained. Thus it is normally recognised that employees’ legitimate interests in employment as to business secrets cannot be limited. Non-competition covenants in German Commercial Code(HGB) has the following significance and characteristics. (1) The German legislature, faced with the dilemma to protect corporate competitiveness and employees’ freedom of occupation, sought to protect the business secrets through the enactment of the Prevention of Unfair Competition Act at the same time minimising the validity and scope of non-competition covenants. (2) In the process of the prolonged deliberation and drafting of the permissibility and necessity of non-competition covenants, it became clear that the purpose and justification of the restriction of non-competition covenants is to protect customers and important property values such as business secrets. (3) The reform of commercial law in 1914 finally adopted a strict regulation which required financial consideration as an essential condition. It is because the legislature recognised the financial consideration as a preferable way of regulating non-competition covenants of the reciprocal nature and the most effective way to prevent the abuse of non-competition covenants by employers in terms of legal validity. In conclusion, based on the study of the German legal system, I suggest the interpretation as below: (1) As the scope and content of Duty of non-competition are varied, even provisions which do not prohibit employment at a different company in the same industry are capable of seriously limiting employees’ legitimate interests in freedom of occupation. Therefore, all agreements which attempt to limit employees’ freedom of occupation in post- employment context should be interpreted as non-competition covenants. This is the very reason why the German Commercial Code widely defines the concept of non-competition covenants. In this respect, the validity of the confidentiality obligations of business secrets should be determined according to the standards applied to determine the validity of non-competition covenants. (2) Before discussing the validity of non-competition covenants, it is necessary to examine whether a contract restricting employees’ freedom of occupation in post-employment context is valid in terms of the constitutional values. The importance of such consideration is clearly shown by the Ge