http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
SiO2 / Mg ( OEt ) 2 / Ethyl Benzoate / TiCl4 촉매에 의한 프로필렌 중합특성연구
정동욱,최홍기,한택규,우성일,성준용,노중석 ( Dong Wook Jeong,Hong Ki Choi,Taek Kyu Han,Seong Ihl Woo,Jun Yong Seong,Jung Seok Ro ) 한국화학공학회 1993 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.31 No.5
SiO₂/Mg(OEt)₂/ethyl benzoate/TiCl₄ catalysts need for propylene polymerization were prepared by using silica(Davison-952) as a support, which is known to produce polypropylene with spherical shape and narrow particle size distribution. Propylene polymerization was carried out with the silica supported catalyst cocatalyzed with triethylaluminum(TEA) in the presence of an external electron donor(EED), p-ethoxy ethyl benzoate(PEEB) at 8 atm. The effect of TEA, PEEB concentration and polymerization temperature on activity as well as stereospecificity was investigated. The maximum average polymerization rate during the initial first hour of polymerization was obtained at the mole ratio of [TEA]/[Ti]=200 and 70℃. The increase of TEA concentration decreased stereospecificity. As the polymerization temperature increased, the stereospecificity did not change. The polymerization activity in the absence of PEEB was 16.2 ㎏-PP/g-Ti·hr·atm and the isotactic index was 84% at the molar ratio of TEA to Ti of 200 and 70℃. However, the activity decreased to 12.4 ㎏-PP/g-Ti·hr·atm and isotactic index increased to 93% at the same polymerization condition except for the addition of PEEB of which amount is 17% of [TEA]. Further addition of PEEB([PEEB]/[Al]=0.25) decreased the activity to 5.2 ㎏-PP/g-Ti·hr·atm and increased isotactic index to 96%.
정동욱(Jeong, Dong Wook),이호준(Lee, Ho jun),조성경(Cho, Sung Kyung),이현국(Lee, Hyunkook),정승환(Jung, Seunghwan) 한국교육재정경제학회 2013 敎育財政 經濟硏究 Vol.22 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to investigate Performance Improvement Priority School(PIPS) policy, a representative educational accountability policy in Korea, whether sufficient school finance is funded to these schools to meet the target of accountability policy. Using 'School Information' 2009 data of every elementary school, junior high school, and high school in Republic of Korea, we identified policy-intended treatment group and estimated adequate cost of education at each school with education cost function(ECF) in order to measure cost of adequate education and additional cost to meet adequate education of PIPS. Furthermore, we compared and analyzed what traits are commonly shared in schools with high and low additional cost of adequate education. We found that even though PIPS secure more school funding compared to other schools, this amount is still not enough to meet the target of policy considering conditions of PIPS. These schools additionally require 54,000KRW in elementary schools, and 92,000KRW in junior high schools, and 460,000KRW in high schools on average. These figures show that extra cost is needed when students grow older, moreover, between school gap of extra cost is widening from elementary schools to high schools(91,000KRW, 171,000KRW, 586,000KRW each). Schools which were in need of high extra cost, were in low performance, small in school size, and with low school SES(socio-economic status). In conclusion, this paper suggests extra funding should be provided to PIPS to meet target of policy with considerations in actual school needs. 본 연구는 전국 초 중 일반고 전수데이터 자료인 학교알리미 2009년 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 교육책무성 정책인 학력향상중점학교 정책의 목표를 달성하는데 필요한 교육비를 학교급별로 충분히 지원받고 있는지 분석하고, 이에 따른 정책적 시사점을 찾는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 정책이 의도한 대상집단을 식별하고 교육비용함수(education cost functions)를 활용하여 적정교육비를 단위학교별로 산출함으로써, 학력향상중점학교 정책의 적정교육비 규모와 교육비 추가소요액을 추정하였다. 아울러, 교육비 추가소요액이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단의 특징을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 학력향상중점학교들은 일반학교에 비해 평균적으로 더 많은 1인당 교육비를 확보하고 있지만, 정책목표 달성에 필요한 교육비용을 충분히 지원받지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 목표달성에 추가로 소요될 것으로 예상되는 학교별 1인당 교육비 추가소요액은 초등학교 평균 5만 4천원, 중학교 평균 9만 2천원, 일반계 고등학교 평균 46만원으로, 학교급이 올라갈수록 교육비 추가소요액이 올라가고 있었다. 또한 동일 학교급내 학력향상중점학교 간 소요액 편차도 커지는 것으로 나타났다(초 9만 1천원, 중 17만 1천원, 일반고 58만 6천원). 교육비 추가소요액이 큰 학교들은 작은 학교들에 비해 기초학력이상 학생 비율이 낮고, 소규모 학교이며, 사회경제적 배경이 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 학력향상중점학교 사업의 정책목표를 달성하기 위해 현재보다 충분한 재정적 지원(추가 총 소요액: 초 88억8100만원, 중 22억 1650만원, 일반계고 102억1000만원 등 총213억 772만원)이 필요하며, 단위학교별 교육비 추가소요액을 반영한 차등적 재정배분 방식의 도입이 필요하다는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.
중소제조기업 CEO의 거래적 리더십과 변혁적 리더십의 효과성에 관한 연구
정동욱 ( Dong Wook Chung ),홍정근 ( Jung Keun Hong ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2007 유라시아연구 Vol.4 No.1
This paper shows comparative analysis on the effectiveness of entrepreneurs` transactional leadership and transformational leadership. It also investigates how the factors of each leadership influence the leadership effectiveness. Forty-four-questions were employed from Bass`` MLQ-5X on the basis of theoretical research. The survey was conducted by 270 workers from 100 Seoul and Gyeonggi-based small and medium business companies, and amony them 250 a informants were used for this study. The findings of the study show as follows : First, transformational leadership is more effective than transactional leadership when it comes to leadership effectiveness, i.e. additional working efforts of followers, satisfaction for the leader, and leader effects. As a result of analyzing factors for each leadership, both management in the area of transactional leadership and individual concerns in the part of transformational leadership are more effective than the other factors. Secondly, the factors of transactional leadership and transformational leadership and the factors of leadership effectiveness were highly correlated. Third, when the element of transformational leadership was added to the transactional leadership instantly, there was incremental change to the R2 result. In conclusion, although transformational leadership is more effective than transaction leadership, leadership effectiveness will be more distinct when both transactional and transformational leaderships are applied complimentarily than when only transformational leadership is accepted.