변호사시험과 상법 교육방법론

전형배(Jun Hyoungbae) 한국법학원 2010 저스티스 Vol.- No.118

2009년 법학전문대학원이 설치되면서 법학전문대학원의 법학교육이 기존 학부과정과 어떤 차이가 있고 이에 따라 어떤 교수법을 시행하여야 하는가에 관하여 적지 않은 논의가 있었다. 그러던 중 2009. 5. 경 변호사시험법을 제정하였고 2010. 1.에는 모의 변호사시험을 시행하였고 그 결과를 바탕으로 법무부는 변호사시험의 출제기준 및 출제유형에 관한 내용을 관련 홈페이지에 공고하였다. 법학전문대학원 시스템 아래에서 법률가 양성을 어떻게 할 것인가에 관하여 많은 논의가 있었지만 결국 지금까지의 결론은 법률가 선발의 기조는 시험을 통한 선발이며 합격정원의 제한 때문에 법학전문대학원의 교육을 받은 모든 학생이 변호사가 될 수 없다는 점이다. 이런 상황에서 법학전문대학원에서의 교육은 실무능력의 배양이라는 과제와 아울러 2012년에 시행될 변호사시험에 적합한 내용을 전달하여야 한다는 이중 부담을 안게 되었다. 이글은 새롭게 도입되는 변호사시험의 출제기준과 유형을 분석하고 이에 따라 법학전문대학원에서 이뤄지는 교육에 어떤 점이 강조되어야 하는 지를 검토한 것이다. 현재 공고된 출제기준에 관해서는 많은 이견이 있을 수 있다고 생각하지만 적어도 실무와 법률분쟁의 중요테마를 다룬다는 출제의 큰 흐름은 앞으로도 유지될 것 같다. 이에 따라 이글은 실체법과 절차법, 각 실체법 전공과목들의 융합을 강의의 주된 기조로 삼는 통합형 케이스 메서드를 법학전문대학원의 교육방법의 하나로 검토하고 이를 적용한 상법강의안을 제시하는 방식으로 상법교육방법론의 일례를 소개하였다. There has been a lot of discussion on what kind of difference school of law has concerning legal education comparing with that of undergraduate study of law, which leads to the question of the teaching method at law school. Meanwhile, Bar Examination Act was established in May 2009 and a trial examination was conducted in January 2010, and the Ministry of Justice announced the model exam questions on its website. Under school of law system, there have been various controversies on how to foster and educate law experts, but the conclusion so far is that the restricted number of graduate students are to be selected through bar exam. This equivocal and undesirable situation requests each law school to cover the double heavy burdens - to foster students to be competent at leal practices and to prepare students for bar exam satisfactorily. This article is a trial of analyzing the model bar exam questions and mentioning the emphasis on the effective teaching method. Even though there may be different view points on the model bar exam questions, bar exam's main trend of dealing with important theme in the legal practices and real disputes is not to be changed easily for the present. Therefore, this paper presents a converged case method as one of the teaching methods at law school which combines a substantial law with a procedure law as well as each different law subject and also shows an example of model converged lecture.

중대재해처벌법의 해석상 쟁점

전형배(Jun, Hyoungbae) 노동법이론실무학회 2021 노동법포럼 Vol.- No.34

도급과 근로자의 안전

전형배(Jun, HyoungBae) 한국비교노동법학회 2014 노동법논총 Vol.31 No.-

This article is aimed at situation where contractors use sub-contractors and their employees. It tries to analyze the general health and safety responsibilities of contracting company to protect sub-contractors’ employees. These responsibilities, if not properly managed, can lead to events that could prove costly to all parties. This article mainly focuses on the Korean health and safety legislations and case studies showing what can happen when things go wrong. As well as the immediate effects, further consequences can arise from delays to the work itself and claims for damages. Even though there are a few protective clauses for employees working in the contractors’ premises in legislations, some desirable suggestions may be presented to conduct safety and health policies more effectively mentioned below; First, the health and safety duties of contracting company should be strengthened more wider than the status quo through the wider definition of employer to regulate contracting out reasonably. Second, courts should not broaden immunity of corporations when they interpret and apply the Penalty Provisions in Health and Safety at Work Act. Last, contracting company’s duty of care for the contractors’ employees in damage claims should be constructed based on the contractual liability as well as torts.

산업안전보건법상 징벌적 손해배상제도 도입안 소고

전형배(Jun Hyoungbae) 한국비교노동법학회 2020 노동법논총 Vol.50 No.-

기업범죄와 징벌적 손해배상에 관한 논의는 꽤 오래전부터 시작되었다. 노동법 분야에서는 이미 2002년에 시론이 제시된 바 있다. 국회는 2011년 하도급거래 공정화에 관한 법률에 징벌적 손해배상 제도를 도입하였다. 이후 그 적용범위가 점차 확대되었다. 이 글은 산업안전보건법의 의무이행확보수단 중 하나로 징벌적 손해배상제도의 도입을 주장하고 있다. 사업주에 대하여 전보배상을 초과하는 금전적 압박을 통하여 의무이행확보를 주장하는 이유는 이미 금전적 제재수단으로 도입된 기존 제도의 효과가 미미하다고 평가하기 때문이다. 제도의 설계를 위하여 기존 여러 법률에 도입된 징벌적 손해배상 제도를 비교 분석하여 제도 도입에 필요한 요소를 검토하고 이것을 종합하여 입법안을 제시하였다. 아울러, 이미 입법이 되어 시행되고 있는 타법의 징벌적 손해배상 제도의 현황을 일부 제시하여 제도 운영에 사법부의 관심과 적극적인 태도가 필요하다는 점을 지적하였다. The discussion of corporate crime and exemplary damages began quite a long time ago. In the field of labor law, the discussion was already presented in 2002. The National Assembly introduced exemplary damages system in the Act on Fair Transactions in 2011 and its scope of application gradually has been expanded. This article suggests the introduction of exemplary damages system as one of the meaningful measures for securing the obligation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The reason why this article presents the financial pressure exceeding the compensatory damage is that the existing monetary sanctions in the law do not function properly. It is due to the original flaw of the system and courts’ judicial passivity. This article reviews the elements necessary for the introduction of the system and shows a model legislation analyzing the exemplary damages system introduced in various existing laws. In addition, it pointed out that the active attitude of the judiciary matters in operating the system effectively by presenting some other law cases.

대법원 판례의 위장도급 유형 판단기준

전형배(Jun Hyoungbae) 한국노동법학회 2010 노동법학 Vol.0 No.36

The regulation of agency labor is currently high on the legal and political agenda both as a result of the status report on its extreme insecurity and also due to the Supreme Court's recent decisions concerned. Specially, the Supreme Court's decisions became a catalyst for the various and useful discussions and also showed two directions to find the right course for improving the fascinating poor status of temporary agency workers. One is that the decisions presented a practical criteria for judging between genuine subcontract and sham subcontract, the other is that the decisions brought forward a helpful criteria for distinguishing the implied contract of employment from the illegal dispatch employment. The criteria is composed of four tests which are ① subcontractor's right to implement personnel, ② subcontractor's right to control personnel, ③ subcontractor's right to decide working conditions, ④ subcontractor's management independence. If a subcontractor lacks all of the four elements above, it has no legal entity which leads to the conclusion that there is a implied contract of employment between the contractor and the subcontractor's employees. If a subcontractor satisfies just a part of the four elements, it is considered as a illegal dispatch enterprise regardless of its sham contract for work. But a question remains whether this criteria will manage to solve every kinds of cases with a more sophisticated arranging system, which is an urgent problem for all of us.

산재보상에서 업무와 자살의 인과관계와 추정규정의 도입

전형배(Jun, Hyoungbae) 한국노동법학회 2020 노동법학 Vol.0 No.76

Causal link has been a big issue for a long time in workers’ compensation. In order to recognize the suicide of workers as an occupational accident, a causal relationship between work and suicide must be proved. However, it is not easy to prove an abnormal state of mental illness or mind that does not involve external changes such as physical damages while the law requires an abnormal state of mental illness or mind of the workers conducting suicide. For this reason, there have been not many cases where suicides are recognized as occupational accidents. This paper analyzes the issue of proof of causal relationship between work and suicide with Supreme Court decisions considering the revision of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in 2007. By this analysis, it reveals why the bereaved families have hard time to prove the causal link, and the precedent theory is not a stable criteria for them. Therefore, It suggests the introduction of the legal presumption and the amendment of the law and regulation concerned.

산업안전보건상 도급인 사업주의 책임구조

전형배(HyoungBae, Jun) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2016 江原法學 Vol.48 No.-

기업 업무의 외주화가 빠른 속도로 진행되면서 산업안전사고 또한 외주기업의 근로자에게 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이에 따라 도급인의 책임을 강화하여야 한다는 주장이 제기되고 있고, 정부도 2010년 이후 산업안전보건법을 개정하여 도급인의 책임을 강화하는 법 개정을 수회에 걸쳐 한 바 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 도급관계에서 수급인의 근로자가 사망하는 사고는 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이 글은 현행 산업안전보건법의 사업주 책임구조에 문제가 있다고 판단하고 그 해법을 찾기 위한 하나의 시도로 서구에서 각광을 받고 있는 영국의 산업안전보건법령 체계를 분석하였다. 분석에 있어서 산업안전보건법상 도급인의 책임을 직접 규정한 조항인 제29조에 관해서는 기존에 여러 연구가 있으므로 여기에서는 제29조에 대한 논의는 제외하고 현행 산업안전보건법이 도급관계에서 도급인을 제대로 규율할 수 없는 법령 구조상의 문제점과 수사 및 재판 실무상의 문제점을 분석하였다. 그 내용을 영국의 제도 및 집행 실무와 비교한 결과, 영국은 산업안전보건 영역에서 민법상의 도급법리를 그대로 적용하지 아니하여 도급인 사업주의 안전조치의무를 넓게 인정하고, 아울러 산안사고에 관하여 법인의 1차적 책임을 긍정하고, 나아가 법인의 형사책임으로서 고의책임과 과실책임을 모두 긍정하는 제도적, 법리적 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. Korean Occupational Health and Safety Act applies only to people who are employees, so there should be an employment between the parties to get some protections of the law. Furthermore, the Korean Supreme Court Decisions have been saying that basically contractor is not liable for the damage of sub-contractors’ employees. This judicial precedent is based on the contract law and the legal structure of Occupational Health and Safety Act. But the current legal status is little help to prevent occupational death accident. Comparing United Kingdom’s system with that of Korea, UK legislation emphasizes the employers’ responsibilities as the first duty holder whose duty owed to non-employees as well as to employees. UK’s system is effectively enforced on two principles: ① duty of care on occupational health and safety has a wider range of applications than that of contract theory, ② corporate has also corporate criminal accountability as a natural person.

항소법원 설치와 법관의 구성 및 전문화

전형배(Jun Hyoungbae) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2009 江原法學 Vol.29 No.-

There have been a lot of discussions in establishing a single appellate court in each province. The core of these discussions lies at two important thoughts. One is that setting up new appellate system helps people appeal against an instant court decision freely, which means it guarantees their access rights to appeal courts. The other is that this system promotes the decentralization of judicial power, which means it guarantees judicial independence. In addition, the unification of appellate courts with abolishing the existing high courts is accompanied by the positive change of the judge personnel process. The best advantage of new personnel system followed by the new court structure is that it promotes stable judicial job performance without making unreasonable change in the customary personnel practices. By the way, there is a strong argument that the new system could impede the specialization of judges cultivated well under the old system. This assertion emphasizes that change of system should reduce the number of special cases which used to be allotted to a judge, so that new system may obstruct judges in developing special knowledge on specific cases. But this opinion is not so persuasive, because it is mainly based on an idea that specialization is built only through dealing with as many cases as possible. Specialization is gained through education basically, not just through hands-on-background. And also new system does not necessarily decrease the figure of special cases allotted to a judge, if they adjust the number of divisions in each appellate courts. Simplifying the dual appeal court system and setting up a sole appellate courts in each province will play an important role in advancing the old judicial system.

원ㆍ하청 관계와 사업주의 산업안전보건 책임

전형배(Jun, HyoungBae) 한국비교노동법학회 2011 노동법논총 Vol.23 No.-

This article is aimed at situation where clients use contractors. It tries to analyze the general health and safety responsibilities of clients and contractors to protect each other and their workforce. These responsibilities, if not properly managed, can lead to events that could prove costly to all parties. This article mainly focuses on the United Kingdom’s health and safety legislations and case studies showing what can happen when things go wrong. As well as the immediate effects, further consequences can arise from delays to the work itself and claims for damages. Even though the British occupational health and safety system is somewhat different from our country’s system, this paper sums up the United Kingdom’s laws and experiences to 3 parts. First, General Clauses at laws play important role in the British heath and safety system. Second, Throwing away common law doctrines, she introduces strict responsibilities on employers by statue laws. Last, There are special legislations on the high risk industry such as construction industry.

CMIT/MIT 함유 가습기 살균제 제품의 제조 및 판매기업 형사판결 1심 재판 판결문에 대한 과학적 고찰 (II) : 동물실험, 폐 손상 판정기준, 개인 인과

박동욱(Dong-Uk Park),조경이(Kyung Ehi Zoh),김지원(Jiwon Kim),최상준(Sangjun Choi),이소연(So-yeon Lee),전형배(Hyoungbae Jun),박태현(Taehyun Park) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.3

Objectives: In January 2021, the former heads of the manufacturer SK Chemical and the vendor Aekyung were acquitted for manufacturing and selling humidifier disinfectant (HD) containing 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol- 3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT). In this article, we analyzed the rationale used in this judgement in the light of scientific consideration. Methods: The sentencing document for the judgements was obtained from the Korea Supreme Court Service. In particular, the judgements made by the court related to the toxicological and individual association with HD perspectives were discussed based on scientific evidence. Results: The ruling stated that the necessary conditions for causality between CMIT/MIT and such diseases were not met based on the fact that asthma and lung damage were not found in the inhalation exposure animal experiments. The judgment overlooked the inevitable limitations of using animal experiments for verifying health effects in humans, which are often inconsistent with the observations in animals. Among 11 government-affirmed lung injury cases with CMIT/MIT usage, three patients’ humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) pathology proved that CMIT/MIT could cause lung injury similar to that caused by PHMG and PGH. In addition, five children showed decreased lung function related to damage caused by humidifier disinfectant exposure. Conclusions: We conclude that there is sufficient evidence supporting the assertion that HDs containing CMIT/ MIT cause lung injuries, including asthma, contrary to the court’s decision.