Comparison of Measurements from Pressure-recording Inverted Echo Sounders and Satellite Altimetry in the North Equatorial Current Region of the Western Pacific

전찬형,박재훈,김동국,김응,전동철 한국해양과학기술원 2018 Ocean science journal Vol.53 No.2

An array of 5 pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs) was deployed along the Jason-2 214 ground track in the North Equatorial Current (NEC) region of the western Pacific Ocean for about 2 years from June 2012. Round-trip acoustic travel time from the bottom to the sea surface and bottom pressure measurements from PIES were converted to sea level anomaly (SLA). AVISO along-track mono-mission SLA (Mono-SLA), reference mapped SLA (Ref-MSLA), and up-to-date mapped SLA (Upd-MSLA) products were used for comparison with PIES-derived SLA (ηtot). Comparisons of ηtot with Mono-SLA revealed that hump artifact errors significantly contaminate the Mono-SLA. Differences of ηtot from both Ref-MSLA and Upd-MSLA decreased as the hump errors were reduced in mapped SLA products. Comparisons of Mono-SLA measurements at crossover points of ground tracks near the observation sites revealed large differences though the time differences of their measurements were only 1.53 and 4.58 days. Comparisons between Mono-SLA and mapped SLA suggested that mapped SLA smooths out the hump artifact errors by taking values between the two discrepant Mono-SLA measurements at the crossover points. Consequently, mapped SLA showed better agreement with ηtot at our observation sites. AVISO mapped sea surface height (SSH) products are the preferable dataset for studying SSH variability in the NEC region of the western Pacific, though some portions of hump artifact errors seem to still remain in them.

압력측정 전도음향측심기(PIES)를 활용한 해양관측의 현재와 전망

전찬형,이강녕,송하진,채정엽,박재훈 한국해양학회 2023 바다 Vol.28 No.1

Sound can travel a long distance in the ocean; hence, acoustic instruments have been widely used for ocean observations in various fields such as bathymetric survey, object detection, underwater communication, and current measurements. Herein we introduce a pressure-recording inverted echo sounder (PIES) which is one of the most powerful instruments, moored at seafloor for ocean observation in physical oceanography. The PIES can measure various kinds of oceanic phenomena (currents, mesoscale eddies, internal waves, and sea surface height variabilities) and support acoustic telemetry and pop-up data shuttle (PDS) system for remote data acquisition. In this paper, we review uses of PIES and describe present and prospective system of PIES including remote data acquisition toward (quasi) real-time data recovery. 음향은 수중에서 원거리 전파가 가능하여 수심 측량, 수중 물체 탐지, 수중 통신, 유속 측정 등 다방면에서 해양관측에 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해저면 계류형태의 압력측정 전도음향측심기(Pressure-recording Inverted Echo Sounder, PIES)를 활용하여 관측 가능한 해양물리현상(해류, 중규모 소용돌이, 내부파, 해면고도변화 등)에 대해 서술한다. 이어서 PIES장비 회수 없이 음향을 활용한 원격 자료획득법, 자동 자료전송 팝업 부표(Pop-up Data Shuttle, PDS)를 활용한 최신의 원격 자동자료획득법을 소개하고, 향후 실현 가능한 (준)실시간 원격 자동자료획득법을 덧붙인다.

동해에서 태풍과 중규모 소용돌이가 준관성주기파 에너지 생성과 분포에 미치는 영향

송하진,전찬형,채정엽,이은주,이강녕,최영석,박재훈,SONG, HAJIN,JEON, CHANHYUNG,CHAE, JEONG-YEOB,LEE, EUN-JOO,LEE, KANG-NYEONG,TAKAYAMA, KATSUMI,CHOI, YOUNGSEOK,PARK, JAE-HUN 한국해양학회 2020 바다 Vol.25 No.3

준관성주기파(NIW)는 주로 바람에 의해 생성되며, 해양 연직혼합에 중요한 요소이다. 태풍의 빠른 풍속과 이동경로에 따른 풍향변화는 NIW 생성에 충분한 조건을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 동해 실시간 해황예보모형 출력자료를 이용하여 태풍의 영향으로 인한 NIW의 생성과 분포 그리고 동해 중규모 소용돌이가 NIW의 심층 전파에 주는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 이용한 출력자료 기간은 2013년부터 2017년까지 총 5개년이며, 이 기간 중 동해에 강한 NIW에너지를 만든 3개 태풍(할롱, 고니, 차바)에 초점을 맞추었다. 태풍에 의한 NIW 변동을 검토하기 위하여 강제력으로 작용하는 태풍의 바람에너지유입(${\bar{W}}_I$)과 함께 NIW 에너지의 지표인 혼합층 및 심층 수평운동에너지(${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$, ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$)를 계산하였다. ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$는 ${\bar{W}}_I$와 밀접한 관련을 보였으며 태풍 경로의 오른편에서 강하게 나타났다. ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$는 주로 동해 남부에서 패치형태로 강하게 나타났으며, 음의 상대 소용돌이도를 가지는 난수성 소용돌이와의 상관성이 확인되었다. NIW에너지에 태풍이 주는 영향을 확인하기 위해, 태풍이 없는 여름철과 12월의 에너지와 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과, 태풍에 의한 ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$는 태풍이 없는 여름에 비해 2.5~5.7배, NIW가 가장 큰 12월 평균대비 0.4~1.0배였고, 태풍에 의한 ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$는 태풍이 없는 여름대비 1.2~1.6배, 12월 평균대비 0.8~1.0배로 태풍에 의한 NIW가 혼합층과 심층의 해양 연직혼합 모두에 상당한 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. Near-inertial waves (NIW) which are primarily generated by wind can contribute to vertical mixing in the ocean. The energetic NIW can be generated by typhoon due to its strong wind and preferable wind direction changes especially on the right-hand side of the typhoon. Here we investigate the generation and distribution of NIW using the output of a real-time ocean forecasting system. Five-year model outputs during 2013-2017 are analyzed with a focus on cases of energetic NIW generation by the passage of three typhoons (Halong, Goni, and Chaba) over the East Sea. Calculations of wind energy input (${\bar{W}}_I$), and horizontal kinetic energy in the mixed layer (${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$) reveal that the spatial distribution of ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$, which is strengthened at the right-hand side of typhoon tracks, is closely related with ${\bar{W}}_I$. Horizontal kinetic energy in the deep layer (${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$) shows patch-shaped distribution mainly located at the southern side of the East Sea. Spatial distribution of ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$ shows a close relationship with negative relative vorticity regions caused by warm eddies in the upper layer. Monthly-mean ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$ and ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$ during a typhoon passing over the East Sea shows about 2.5-5.7 times and 1.2-1.6 times larger values than those during summer with no typhoons, respectively. In addition, their magnitudes are respectively about 0.4-1.0 and 0.8-1.0 times from those during winter, suggesting that the typhoon-induced NIW can provide a significant energy to enhance vertical mixing at both the mixed and deep layers during summer.

민다나오 해류 해역에서 PIES 자료를 이용한 해수면 산출

황초롱,민홍식,전찬형,김동국,박재훈 한국해양과학기술원 2021 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.43 No.4

Sea surface height (SSH) anomalies were estimated from data recorded by four pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs) in the Mindanao Current region over a duration of 2 years from December 2017 to November 2019. The steric components of SSH anomalies were derived from round-trip acoustic travel times from the sea floor to the sea surface, whereas mass-loading components were derived from bottom pressures. Temporal variabilities in the total (steric and mass-loading) SSH anomalies and the steric component are extremely similar; this result implies that the steric component plays a major role in SSH anomalies in this region. Comparisons of the PIES-derived SSH anomalies with satellite-measured SSH anomalies reveal that the former has less temporal variability. Correlation coefficients between the total SSH anomalies and satellite-measured SSH anomalies are less than 0.85, which is lower than the correlation coefficient between the steric components and satellite-measured SSH anomalies.

HYCOM 재분석 자료가 재현한 동해 수온 및 염분 평가

홍진실,서성봉,전찬형,박재훈,박영규,민홍식 한국해양과학기술원 2016 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.38 No.4

We evaluate the temperature and salinity fields in the East Sea reproduced by the global ocean reanalysis data using HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM for short). Temporal correlation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) change between HYCOM and the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) are higher in summer than winter. Though distributions of temperature and salinity in the HYCOM are similar to those from historical data (World Ocean Atlas 2013 V2), salinity in the HYCOM is lower (highter) in the region where the salinity is high (low). Temperature fields in the Ulleung basin of HYCOM are quite similar to those derived from Pressure-recording Inverted Echo Sounder (PIES), such as the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.7. This indicates that the HYCOM represents well the circulation and meso-scale phenomena in the Ulleung basin.

GAIA 과제 : 적도태평양 수온약층 미세구조 관측

이재학,홍창수,민홍식,장찬주,이하웅,김영준,전찬형,백규남,Kelvin Richards 대한조선학회 2012 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2012 No.5