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Telomere Dysfunction and Cancer
최영석,이현지,허지회,이옥희 대한암예방학회 2010 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Unlike the circular structure of prokaryotic chromosome, the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes is linear. To prevent the ends of linear chromosomes from being recognized as double-stranded DNA breaks by DNA damage, chromosome end is capped by the special chromatin structure, telomere. Telomere in vertebrate consists of TTAGGG tandem repeats and telosome/shelterin complex including TRF1, TRF2,RAP1, TIN2, TPP1, and POT1. The average length of human telomere is 10∼15 kb at birth, and several rounds of cell division lead to telomere shortening in somatic cells due to the absence of telomerase,a reverse transcriptase, adding TTAGGG repeats at chromosome ends. The uncapping telomere by telomere attrition causes genomic instability activating cell cycle checkpoints and inducing cell cycle arrest,senescence, or apoptosis. Highly-proliferative tumor cells that have the impaired checkpoints and short telomeres can escape normal limits on cell proliferation, resulting in massive genome instability and malignancy of tumor cells. In this review, we provide an overview of telomere structure and function,and the relationship between telomere dysfunction and the initiation of human cancer. (Cancer Prev Res 15, 28-33, 2010)
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최근 ASEAN 국가들의 서비스무역 결정요인에 대한 연구 - 재화무역과의 비교를 통한 동태적 분석을 중심으로 -
최영석 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2022 東南亞硏究 Vol.32 No.2
Trade in services and trade in goods generally increase as the GDP of a trading partner increases. However, trade-increasing effect of GDP is generally smaller in services trade than in goods trade. The effect of GDP per capita is relatively smaller compared to the case of GDP. Distance is inversely related to trade in services and goods. However, services are less affected by distance than goods. If the trading partner is an ASEAN country, it has the effect of increasing trade. Even if the trading partner is an East Asian country, there is usually a trade increase effect, but there is also a large variation between countries. Looking at the changes in the determinants, the overall GDP effect and the ASEAN effect increased. In particular, the ASEAN effect is showing a rapidly increasing trend. On the other hand, the effect of the distance variable had a decreasing change. However, the changes in the per capita GDP effect and the East Asian effect are varied. 이 연구는 ASEAN 주요 6개 국가들의 서비스무역 결정요인과 최근 10년 사이의 변화를 재화무역의 경우와 대비하며 여러 논점에 대해 중력모형을 사용하여 비교분석을 하였다. 그 결과 발견한 점들은 다음과 같다. 먼저 무역상대국의 GDP가 클수록 서비스와 재화의 무역은 일반적으로 증가한다. 그런데 이 GDP의 무역증대 효과는 일반적으로 서비스무역이 재화무역보다 작다. 일인당 GDP의 효과는 GDP의 경우와 비교하면 상대적으로 작다. 거리는 서비스나 재화의 무역과 반비례관계가 있다. 그런데 서비스가 재화보다 거리의 영향을 상대적으로 작게 받는다. 무역상대국이 ASEAN 국가일 경우 무역을 증대하는 효과가 있다. 무역상대국이 동아시아 국가일 경우도 대체로 무역증대 효과가 있는데 역시 국가 간 편차가 크게 나타난다. 결정요인 변화를 볼 때 전반적으로 GDP효과와 ASEAN효과는 증가하였다. 특히 ASEAN효과는 급증하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 반면, 거리변수의 효과는 감소하는 변화를 하였다. 그러나 일인당 GDP효과와 동아시아효과의 변화는 다양하게 나타나고 있다.
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국제적 생산분할에 따른 ASEAN 국가들의 중간재무역 비교연구
최영석 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2019 東南亞硏究 Vol.29 No.2
The analysis of the intermediate goods trade of ASEAN countries was carried out. The findings ar as follows: First, among the ASEAN countries to be analyzed, Vietnam has been increasing its imports of intermediate goods from Korea in recent years. However, intermediate goods imports from Korea are still smaller than those of China or Japan in ASEAN countries except Vietnam. Second, intermediate goods imports from China in six ASEAN countries have increased significantly in recent years. Third, imports from Japan from six ASEAN countries were most active and large in six ASEAN countries ten years ago. Although it still remains, it has been in decline recently. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the determinants of intermediate goods import, six ASEAN countries showed that the higher the GDP of the trading partner, the higher the intermediate goods import and the smaller the distance. Fifth, as a proxy variable to gauge the gap in technology level with trading partners, the larger the difference in GDP per capita, the greater the intermediate goods import. Sixth, the flow of intermediate goods in six ASEAN countries does not occur in one direction between countries. Seventh, with the exception of Singapore's intermediary trade structure, it does not import more from countries with FTAs. Eighth, the same ASEAN member countries may have different effects, depending on the country. Finally, they import relatively much from the East Asian countries of Korea, China and Japan.
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