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Kidney and Calcium Homeostasis
전은실 전해질고혈압연구회 2008 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.6 No.2
Plasma calcium concentration is maintained within a narrow range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL) by the coordinated action of PTH, 1,25-(OH)2D3, calcitonin, and ionized calcium (iCa) itself. The kidney plays a key role in this process by the fine regulation of calcium excretion. More than 95% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed along the renal tubules. In the proximal tubules, 60% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed by passive mechanisms. In the thick ascending limb, 15% of calcium is reabsorbed by paracellular diffusion through paracellin-1 (claudin-16). The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the basolateral membrane of the thick ascending limb senses the change in iCa2+ and inhibits calcium reabsorption independent to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-(OH)2D3. The fine regulation of calcium excretion occurs in the distal convoluted tubules and connecting tubules despite the fact that only 10-15% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed there. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) and 6 (TRPV6) in the apical membrane act as the main portal of entry, calbindin-D28K delivers Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, and then Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase in the basolateral membrane serve as an exit. In the cortical collecting duct, TRPV6 is expressed, but the role might be negligible. In addition to PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D3, acid-base disturbance, diuretics, and estrogen affect on these calcium channels. Recently, klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23) are suggested as new players in the calcium metabolism. Klotho is exclusively expressed in the kidney and co-localized with TRPV5, NCX1, and calbindin-D28K. Klotho increases calcium reabsorption through trafficking of TRPV5 to the plasma membrane, and also converts FGF receptor to the specific FGF23 receptor. FGF23:klotho complex bound to FGF receptor inhibits 1α-hydroxylase of vitamin D, and contributes to calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion in the kidney.
Korean EFL Students’ Learning Motivation in Reading and Listening
전은실 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2010 교과교육학연구 Vol.14 No.1
This study explored various aspects of English reading and listening motivation of Korean university students and how each motivation related to their English reading and listening proficiency respectively. The relationship between English reading motivation and listening motivation was also examined. The participants completed an English reading motivation questionnaire and a listening motivation questionnaire and took a TOEIC style practice test three times during a semester as measurement of their English proficiency. The students’ reading motivation and listening motivation were found to be multidimensional. The prominent factors for English reading motivation were Reading Efficacy, Enjoyment of Reading, Extrinsic Value of Reading, Interests in Reading Materials, and Reading Challenge. The factors identified for English listening motivation were Listening Challenge, Listening Involvement, Interests in Listening Materials, and Extrinsic Value of Listening. Among the reading motivation factors,Reading Efficacy predicted the students’ reading proficiency to a certain degree, and Listening Avoidance predicted the variance of listening proficiency. When the responses to the corresponding items in reading and listening questionnaires were compared, many items were correlated significantly. Based on the results, pedagogical suggestions were presented.
전은실,김하나,강나은,박수잔,조성일,황지은 대한금연학회 2024 대한금연학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Background: Our objective was to identify trends in research on electronic cigarettes and propose potential research topics for future investigations in South Korea. Methods: This study followed the systematic literature review reporting guidelines detailed in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to assess available research on the health effects of electronic cigarette use among Koreans. Five data sources were utilized to select articles published until June 30, 2023. Results: This review analyzed 32 articles, including 23 cross-sectional studies, 7 case studies, and 2 clinical trials. Of which, 8 targeted adolescents, 22 targeted adults, 1 targeted both the demographics, and 1 targeted infants. In these studies, electronic cigarette use was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and acute nicotine addiction, leading to cardiac arrest and mortality. Additionally, electronic cigarette use was linked to various health conditions, including periodontal disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia. Moreover, it was associated with an elevated risk of depression, stress, and suicidal behavior. Conclusion: To establish consistent scientific evidence for the regulation of electronic cigarettes, multidisciplinary research on usage patterns, associations with various health conditions, and intervention strategies is imperative.