수형자의 선거권보장에 관한 연구

장진숙(Jang, Jin-Sook) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學論文集 Vol.35 No.1

Election is the core of democracy. Election is an act of electing national institutions to represent people as a sovereign to implement representative democracy based on national consensus. But once the final decision is made, prisoners lose the right to vote or the suffrage would be limited within the certain period of time according to the law. Prisoners file lawsuit against violation of the constitution on deprived voting rights and the pros and cons about suffrage of prisoners are going higher in various areas. In this study, to seek ways to give suffrage to prisoners, first, other countries’ systems, history, precedent cases and the transition of precedent cases about restrictions on voting rights of prisoners are investigated. In this study, legislation system and way of restriction appear differently in each country. However, the changes of precedent cases and European Court of civil rights have concluded that suffrage should be granted to prisoners. Second, the pros and the cons about the legal status of prisoners and restrictions on suffrage are summarized. A group declared that Criminal Article 43 or Article 44 limiting suffrage of prisoners and Officials election Article 18 Paragraph 1, subparagraph 1 violated the Constitution and should be deleted. The other group declared that the legislative purpose should be acknowledged and the suffrage of prisoners should be limited at this moment. Third, problems and improvements of laws related to suffrage of prisoners are reviewed. Here, I would like to investigate the problems of provisions of natural suspension according to the current criminal laws, to investigate the legitimacy on provisions of natural suspension about the scope of limited suffrage of prisoners according to official election laws, to determine if it violates the principles of excessive regulation and to study the improvements on problems.

직계존속 고소금지조항과 효사상

장진숙(Jang Jin-Sook) 한국헌법학회 2012 憲法學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

Koreans have regarded the virtue of filial piety as the most important ethical virtue and fine custom that everyone should follow. Parental love to offspring and filial respect and love to parents are looked upon as Nature Law rather than human morality. The root of filial piety stems from the love between parents and offspring. No matter how beautiful the thought of filial piety may be, it cannot be fulfilled by forced means of punishment. A forcible demand for love and filial duty, with parent-offspring love and trust collapsed, is difficult to secure effectiveness. Furthermore, crime toward lineal ascendants is subjected to aggravated punishment without querying the motive, and immoral crime to lineal descendants by their lineal ascendants is subjected to limitations on lineal descendant’s right of complaint. This leads to the violation of the right of equality and the right of access to courts for lineal descendants. Criminal act between lineal ascendants and descendants is rooted in the collapse of family love and trust. In most cases, accumulated rage or hatred of lineal descendant, who has been exposed to and inflicted with domestic violence by lineal ascendant for a long time, broke out in an instant, when crime toward lineal ascendant is committed. So, the victim who suffers most by domestic violence is the lineal descendant who commits the crime in an uncontrollable resentment. Where crime toward lineal ascendant occurs, he or she (lineal descendant committing it) is severely accused by ethical standards, whether or not there is any motive of it, and is sentenced to punishment. This notion shows indistinctiveness between morals and punishment. Of course, it cannot be said that morals and law are distinctively separated. But morals and punishment should be clearly distinguishable and the duty of morals should be used just as the yardstick of blame. The kinds, substance and degree of punishment are accompanied with very severe, compulsory means, which shall not be directly transmitted from tradition or custom. So, the duty of penal law shall be clearly distinguished from morals and be limited to complementary legal benefit and protection for individuals. Furthermore, exerting the nation’s punishment right, based on one-sided standard of morals and status discrimination of family members, lays excessive emphasis on the moral nature of penal law, by which may lead to risk of inclination from individualism to nationalism, and from rationalism to authoritarianism, and to the revival of feudal(conservative) traditionalism.

헌법불합치결정의 소급효와 그 적용범위 : 형벌조항을 중심으로

장진숙(JANG, JIN-SOOK) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2014 성균관법학 Vol.26 No.3

헌법불합치결정은 명문상 근거는 없으나 이러한 결정을 하여서는 안 된다는 주장은 제기되고 있지 않다. 다만 형벌조항에 대해서도 헌법불합치결정이 가능한지, 헌법재판소에 의해 위헌성이 확인된 형벌조항을 잠정적으로 적용할 수 있는지, 적용한다면 그 효력의 상실시점, 즉 소급효가 발생하는 시점 및 소급효의 적용범위는 어디까지로 볼 것인가가 논란이 되고 있다. 헌법재판소는 당해 조항에 위헌인 부분과 합헌인 부분이 혼재할 경우, 부진정입법부작위에 관한 경우, 평등위반의 경우 등에 있어서 단순위헌을 내릴 경우 법적 안정성의 문제, 입법권 존중의 이유 등을 들어 헌법불합치결정을 내릴 수 있으며, 아울러 적용중지 또는 잠정적용 명령을 내리기도 한다. 이때는 명시적인 입법 개선시한의 정함이 없이 입법자가 개선입법을 할 때까지 중지한다는 결정을 하기도 하지만, 어떤 경우는 입법개선시한을 명령함과 아울러 잠정적용을 명하고, 입법 개선시한까지 개선입법이 이루어지지 않은 경우 다음날부터 당해 조항의 효력이 상실된다고 하는 명령을 함께 내리는 경우도 있다. 헌법재판소법 제47조 제2항에 따르면 비형벌조항의 경우는 위헌결정이 있은 날로부터 장래를 향하여 효력이 상실되지만, 형벌조항의 경우는 소급하여 그 효력을 상실한다고 규정하고 있다. 그런데 헌법불합치결정의 경우는 그 소급효의 시점, 즉 위헌성이 확인된 법률조항의 효력 상실시점이 언제인가가 문제이다. 효력의 상실시점에 따라 소급효가 발생하고 재심청구도 가능하기 때문이다. 위헌법률조항의 상실시점에 따라 소급효가 발생하고 재심청구도 가능하기 때문이다. 이에 대하여 학설과 판례는 헌법불합치결정은 위헌결정이기 때문에 불합치결정이 있은 날로부터 즉시 효력상실 = 소급효발생 = 재심청구가 가능하다고 보는가 하면, 헌법재판소의 결정에 입법개선시한이 명시된 경우 입법개선시한이 도과한 다음날부터 소급효가 발생한다는 견해도 있다. 하지만 헌법불합치결정을 부인하지 않는 이상 헌법재판소법 제47조의 규정에 따라 기속력과 소급효가 발생한다고 본다면, 헌법재판소의 결정에 따르는 것이 타당 하다고 본다. 다만 헌법재판소는 형벌조항의 잠정적용형 헌법불합치결정에 있어서는 법적 안정성을 위해 위헌성이 확인된 법률을 계속해서 적용해야 할 만한 절대적인 이유를 제시를 하여야만 한다. 위헌성이 확인된 법률조항을 계속 적용하는 것은 법적 안정성의 확보를 위해 정의에 양보를 구하는 것이다. 위헌성이 확인된 법률을 계속해서 적용해야 할 만한 절대적인 이유를 제시를 하지 못하는 상황에서는 어떻게 법적 안정성과 정의를 형량해서 조화를 이루어내고 실질적 법치주의를 실현할 수 있겠는가 하는 것이다. No one raised an objection to unconstitutional decision, even though it is stipulated in the law that it should not be made. It has become an object of controversy whether it is possible to temorarily make an unconstitutional decsion in the case of item of punishment even though it is verified to be in violation of the constitution of The Constitutional Court, When is the time that the item of punishment will lose its effect, in the case that the item of punishment is temorarily applied? In other words, when is the time for the effect of retroactivity to happen? What is the applicaton scope of retroactivity? The Constitutional Court may decide that the case is unconstitutional on the ground that it lacks legal stability and respect for legislative rights when the case is simplistically found unconstitutional. In cases which the relevant article has two sides with some parts being constitutional and others being unconstitutional, the law does not have enough force in case there is a breach of equality. The Constitutional Court will also sometimes order to stop applying the decision or will order to temporarily apply the decision without deciding the time limit of improving the legislation. At this time The Constitutional Court sometimes decides that it should be stopped until the legislative person or body does better legislation. In the case that better legislation is not made until the time limit of legislation betterment, the Court sometimes orders that the relevant article loses effect the next day. Under Article 47,Section 2 of The Constitutional Court law,it loses effect in the future the day when the decision of constitutionality is made in case of a non punishment item. However, it loses effect retroactively in the case of a punishment item. It is the problem that the time when the effect of retroactivity will come into force- when the law article will lose its effect whose constitutionality is confirmed in case of the unconstitutional decsion. It is because the effect of retroactivity happens depending on the time when the effect of retroactivity will come into force that it is possible to apply for a retrial. There have been a precedent that it is possible to apply for a retrial immediately on the date that the decision of unconstitutionality is made, based on the fact that its loss of effect equates with the occurrence of the effect of retroactivity. The other is that the effect of retroactivity will come into force the following day that time limit of legislation betterment is passed, in case that time limit of legislation betterment by The Constitutional Court is stipulated in the decision. However the decision by The Constitutional Court is considered reasonable when the obedience of law and the effect of retroactivity will come into force in case that the unconstitutional decsion is admitted under Article 47 of law of The Constitutional Court To apply legal item continuously is to betray justice for the securement of legal stability. How can we be in harmony and realize actual constitutionalism by weighing legal stability and justice in a situation which is impossible to give the absolute reason why the law whose constitutionality is confirmed applies continuously for the legal stability?

『부휴자담론(浮休子談論)』에 나타난 성현(成俔)의 정치적(政治的) 지향(志向)과 우언(寓言)의 화법

장진숙 ( Jang Jin-sook ) 한국어문교육연구회 2007 어문연구 Vol.35 No.4

This study approaches the Seong Hyeon's fables in the viewpoint of ‘the political writing’. His many fables are collected in his works Buhyujadamron(Buhyuja's discussion). U-un, the oriental fable, was used to express safely the writer's consciousness about policy, government and people. Seong Hyeon's fables also contained his consciousness about his times. They concealed the political conflict of confucian scholars and statesmen of merit. And they secreted in metaphor the troubles connecting to the expelled queen Yun. We could also certify Seong Hyeon's political intention in the theme of his fables. He used the political narration to express his political conflict and intention. First, the narration to open the conversation using a story made higher the persuasive power. Secondary, the narration using question and answer could pull out the mutual agreement. Lately, the narration borrowing the authentic precedent helped to enhance the confident feeling.

다산(茶山) 증언(贈言)산문의 특징과 그 교육적 의미

장진숙 ( Jang Jin Sook ) 한국고전문학교육학회 2009 고전문학과 교육 Vol.18 No.-

Dasan Jeong Yakyong wrote 17 pieces of Jeungeon. Jeungeon is the advice letter which the teacher give his student or his younger man. Many teachers gave the advice letters to his students but they didn't the term; Jeungeon. But Dasan used the term Jeungeon. Therefore I payed attention to the Dasan's 17 pieces of Jeungeon. Dasan gave his students or his younger men his Jeungeon which contained his thought about scholarship, writing, economy, politics and practical science. Therefore I could arrange the features of Jeungeon. First, Dasan incorporated his thoughts and scholarship in Jeungeon. Secondary, Dasan presented the practical method which his students could apply to their life. Lately, Dasan sincerely understood the situation and condition around his younger men and advised adequately.

<옥소선 이야기>의 전변양상(轉變樣相)과 그 서사적 의미

장진숙 ( Jang Jin-sook ) 한국고전문학교육학회 2008 고전문학과 교육 Vol.16 No.-

I started this study to solve the doubt about actual condition of Oksosun stories. < SoseolingyuOksosun(掃雪因窺玉簫仙) > which was recorded in Cheonyerok(天倪錄) is the first form of Oksosun stories. But this story seems a very outstanding work. < SoseolingyuOksosun(掃雪因窺玉簫仙) > had a structure of romance. The hero's character was a romantic figure but Oksosun's character was a figure of Yadam. Afterward < Goyuiljae(古有一宰) > recorded in Gyeseoyadam(溪西野譚) and < Cheonggieopaejadeunggwa(聽妓語悖子登科) > recorded in Cheongguyadam(靑邱野談) took place changes in the structure of the story. A lot of narrative paragraphs were removed in these stories. So < Goyuiljae(古有一宰) > and < Cheonggieopaejadeunggwa (聽妓語悖子登科) > achieved the typical structure of Yadam. In < Soseoljeonghoekgyugojeong(掃雪庭獲窺故情) > recorded in Dongyahwijip(東野彙輯), the change of style was caused once more. So we can see the transmitting and changing flow of Yadam by this study; Romantic Yadam < SoseolingyuOksosun(掃雪因窺玉簫仙) >→Typical Yadam < Goyuiljae(古有一宰) >, < Cheonggieopaeja deunggwa(聽妓語悖子登科) >→Noverized Yadam < Soseoljeonghoek gyugojeong(掃雪庭獲窺故情) >.

다문화주의와 국민국가 통합정책 비교고찰 : 캐나다와 일본사례를 중심으로

장진숙(Jang Jin-Sook) 한국비교공법학회 2010 공법학연구 Vol.11 No.3

다문화주의는 이제 지구촌 시대의 새로운 물결이다. 외국인 노동자의 유입과 국제결혼의 증가 등으로 우리 사회도 점차 다문화사회로 진입하게 되었다. 2010년 6월 말 현재 우리나라에 거주 목적으로 정주하는 외국인이 전 국민의 2%를 넘게 차지하고 있다. 이 글에서는 다문화주의가 좋든 싫든 받아들이지 않을 수 없고, 또 받아들이는 것이 바람직하다는 전제에서 출발한다. 하지만 선진 각국의 다문화주의를 무차별적으로 도입하기보다는 다문화주의 자체에 대한 보다 냉정한 분석과 판단이 요구된다는 점에서 출발한다. 먼저 다문화주의의 전 단계인 국민국가의 형성과 다문화주의의 진행과정을 고찰하고 다문화주의의 유형과 구분을 통해서 다문화주의 원리 또는 정책지향의 차이를 정립하고자 한다. 그리고 다문화주의의 대표 국가인 캐나다의 다문화주의의와 일본에서의 다문화주의 정책과 수용과 시행을 둘러싼 논란을 살펴본다. 캐나다는 다양성 보호와 문화적 차이만 강조하기 보다는 그들의 핵심규범에 모순되지 않은 범위 내에서 인종문화를 보호하고 자유주의적 전통 하에서 이민의 정치참여나 정치대표를 인정하는 실질적인 다문화주의라고 할 수 있다. 이에 반해 일본은 우리나라보다 자의든 타의든 이민의 역사가 오래되었다. 하지만 다문화주의 정책수준은 그다지 높지 않다. 한국의 현실이 다문화사회를 인정하고 관용하는 차원을 넘어 다문화주의 정책을 시행함에 있어 다문화주의의 원리와 대한민국 국민 전체의 정체성에 영향을 미치는 이론적, 실천적 논의를 거쳐 다문화주의의 정책방향이 결정되어야 할 것이다. As ‘Multiculturalism’ emerges as a new wage in this global village age, Korea is also gradually entering a multicultural society due to the increase of foreign workers and international marriage. As the end of June 2010, immigrant workers who want to settle down in Korea accounts for 2% of the population of Korea. This thesis deals with the general trend of multiculturalsim in Korea on the premise that we have to accept it, whether we like or not, and it is advisable to accept it. However, it is necessary to make an objective analysis and decision on the multiculturalism rather than accepting it indiscriminately. First of all, this thesis deals with (Ⅰ) pre-stage of the multiculturalism, that is, formation of nation state and process of multiculturalism; (Ⅱ) the principle of multiculturalism, and difference between the principle and national policy thereof by classifying multicultural types of other countries; (Ⅲ) arguments arising from the policy, acceptance, and implementation of multiculturalim in Canada and Japan. Canada has adopted a substantial multicultural policy in which immigrants are entitled to participate in political campaigns and stand as a candidate for national elections under its liberal tradition. In this way, Canadian multiculturalism has protected different ethnic cultures within the extent of not being contradictory to the core of national regulations, not just laying stress on the protection of diversity and cultural difference. On the contrary, Japan's multicultural policy s not so advanced, even though Japan has a longer history of immigration than Korea. To ensure that multicultural policy can be effectively implemented in Korea, beyond the level of overlooking a multicultural society, it is pre-requisite to have theoretical and practical discussions about the multicultural principle and national identity as a whole that the policy can affect actually, after which the direction of multicultural policy should be decided.

드론의 상용화와 프라이버시권 침해에 대한 헌법적 고찰

장진숙(JANG, Jin Sook) 유럽헌법학회 2020 유럽헌법연구 Vol.0 No.32

본 연구에서는 드론의 상용화와 프라이버시권의 침해라는 두 가지 요소를 놓고 프라이버시권의 침해유형을 분석하고 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하려고 노력하였다. 첫째, 논의의 기초로서 드론과 프라이버시권의 침해에 대하여 드론의 프라이버시권에 대한 침해의 의의와 보호내용을 확인하고, 드론의 침해유형을 검토하였다. 드론이 프라이버시권을 침해하는데는 아직 프라이버시권을 보호하는 법적ㆍ정책적 제도의 미비와 드론 운용자의 프라이버시권 침해에 대한 인식이 부족한 것으로 나타났고, 공공기관이나 언론기관도 아직은 드론의 기능과 효용에만 집중하여 있는 것으로 보였다. 침해의 유형으로는 국가 등 공공목적에 의한 상시적 국가감시사회로 진입하지 않을까 하는 염려가 있었다. 가장 빈번하게 침해가 발생하는 것은 역시 언론기관이었는데 언론기관의 침해는 곧 언론의 우월한 인식으로부터 출발한 것임을 지적하였다. 둘째, 드론 저널리즘과 프라이버시권에 대한 검토에서 드론 저널리즘과 언론의 미래를 살펴보았는데 특히 드론 저널리즘과 취재의 자유의 포섭범위에 대하여 취재의 자유가 독립적인 기본권인가, 아니면 언론의 자유에 포섭되는 권리인지에 대한 논의에 있어 취재의 자유가 곧 언론의 자유가 아니라는 것을 지적하고, 취재의 자유의 한계는 법률상 권리에 불과하다는 것을 확인한다. 셋째, 드론의 감시사회의 위험과 위법하게 취득한 정보의 사회적 가치에 대한 논의에서 감시의 유형을 파악하고, 감시의 유형에는 보호목적의 감시와 권력유지의 수단으로서의 감시, 그리고 질서유지를 위한 상호협조적 감시도 있었다. 보호적 감시와 상호협조적 감시는 필요하지만 엄격한 법제도 하에 프라이버시권을 침해하지 않도록 주의를 게을리 하지 말아야 하고, 권력유지 수단으로서의 감시는 지양해야함을 지적한다. 또 취재과정에서 위법하게 취득한 정보의 사회적 가치와 그에 따르는 법적책임에 대하여 논하였고, 위법성 판단범위에 대해서는 미국과 우리 법원의 판례를 예로 들어 공인이론과 공적 관심사에 대한 위법성 조각사유에 대하여 논의하였다. This study tried to present potential solutions based on the situation that it is analyzing the type of privacy infringement against commercialization of drone uses. First of all, as a basis for the discussion, this study went through to verify the meaning of privacy infringement in using drone as well as rights of drone use. In addition, this has reviewed the types of privacy infringement in using drone. It was found that the use of drones were still lacking in the operator’s awareness in privacy infringement and the legal and policy systems in using drone while public and media organizations seemed to focus only on functions and effective values of drone. One of the infringement type was feared to enter a state-monitoring society on the reason of public purposes. The most frequent violation was happened in mass-media organizations, which pointed out that it has originated by the superior perception of the media. Secondly, we looked at the future of drone journalism and the media in the drone journalism and privacy rights, particularly, it is pointing out that the difference between the freedom of press and freedom of coverage over the scope of drone journalism, Thus, it is confirmed that the freedom of speech is only a legal right while ignoring the privacy rights of people who are exposed from aerial shot. Thirdly, the study needs to identify the discussion of the social value in the monitoring society of drones and the type of monitoring towards many and unspecified persons. It also needs to find the risk of monitoring society that may occurred from illegally acquired information. More deeply into the matter of social monitoring have been analyzed for a monitoring for protection purposes, monitoringas a means of maintaining political power and mutual cooperative monitoring for maintaining social order. It points out that protective and cooperative monitoring is necessary, but caution should not be neglected so as not to infringe on privacy rights under a strict legal system, and monitoring as a means of maintaining political power should be avoided. This study is discussed the legal liability and social value from illegally acquired information of using drone, in the course of the press and the scope of our court s judgment on illegality which is cited by the cases of the U.S. and Korean court, as an example of the reasons for the circumstances precluding wrongfulness in public interest.

행정정보 공동이용과 정보인권에 관한 헌법적 고찰

장진숙(Jang Jin-Sook) 한국헌법학회 2013 憲法學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

With the development of Biotechnology and Information and Communication Technology (ICT), DNA information is being widely used in the criminal justice field as well as in the medical field. Specifically, by operating a database of the DNA of convicted criminals, the police is successfully identifying offenders in violent crimes which remained unsolved. Harnessing these technologies has clearly enhanced the polices's investigation capabilities. However, at the same time, it can result in violating human dignity and the individual's right to personal information management and control, which should be protected by his or her government. Despite the controversy over infringement of basic human rights, the Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification, the so-called DNA Act, was enacted in July 2010. Now, two years and seven months have passed since then, and many lawsuits against infringement of fundamental rights, claiming that it’s against the constitutional principle, have been filed. DNA Act mainly stipulates its ground and objective, regulations in terms of responsibility, the scope of the application, warrant for DNA sample, and methods to obtain and dispose of DNA sample, as well as regulations of retrieval, circulation and deletion of the information from DNA database, and prohibition and punishment regarding its utilization for other than law enforcement purpose. Taken as a whole, however, it is fair to say this law favors effectiveness of criminal investigations over appropriate balance between personal freedom and effectiveness of criminal investigations. This has generated many problems because the law can be extensively applied to collect DNA samples from individuals without objective and empirical grounds, and can force an arrestee to produce a sample with a mere formality of agreement or issuing a search warrant in DNA collecting procedures. In addition, the identification information can be misused or abused, be retrieved and circulated unlimitedly, and be shared as administrative information without deletion until the individual's death. Based on awareness of these problems, this paper will review legislations and its utilizations in foreign countries to find rational solutions, and thereby examine throughly if Korea's current use of the act is in violations of individual's right to personal information management and control, and fundamental human right in criminal procedures, which are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. This paper aims to find a way to ensure strict observance of laws and have truly human rights-friendly legal system in order to protect the people's fundamental human right.

위헌결정 소급효제한의 범위에 관한 비판적 고찰

장진숙(JANG, JIN-SOOK) 한국비교공법학회 2013 공법학연구 Vol.14 No.1