구치부 반대교합을 동반한 제Ⅲ급 부정교합의 치험예

장지철,손병화 연세대학교 치과대학 두개안면기형연구소 1991 연세임상교정 Vol.1 No.-

통영 연안 해역에서의 미생물 분포

장지철,김말남,이진환,김종만 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Surface and bottom water samples were collected from 10 stations located in the coastal area of Tongyong in April, August and October 2000. Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria and fungi in the sea water samples was investigated by measuring the comrresponding viable cell number according to the plate counting method. Heterotrophic bacteria in the surface water counted 3.1×10 exp∼4.0×10 exp (3) cfu ml^1, 2.7×10 exp∼1.2×10 exp (5) cfu ml^-1 and 1.3×10 exp (2)∼7.2×10 exp (2) cfu ml^1 in April, August and October, respectively. The cell number of coliform bacteria in the surface water amounted to 0∼15×10 exp (1) cfu ml^-1, 3.5×10 exp (1)∼5.2×10 exp (3) cfu ml^-1 and 0∼1.8×10 exp (2) cfu ml^-1 in April, August and October, respectively. As for fungi, the cell number in the surface water was 0∼3.0×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1, 3.0×10 exp (1)∼8.0×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1 and 0∼2.2×10 exp (1) propagules ml^-1 in April, August and October respectively. The surface water samples from the station 3 in August were added with feed staffs for fish as much as 0.01gl^-1, 0.1gl^-1 and 1gl^-1 and cultured at 5℃, 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃. Microbial cells were not isolated at all when the culturing temperature was 5℃. However, the microbial cell number increased significantly in all the surface water samples containing 1gl^-1 of the feed stuffs when cultured at 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃.

전치부 crowding을 동반한 치조성 양악 전돌증의 치험예

장지철,박영철 연세대학교 치과대학 두개안면기형연구소 1991 연세임상교정 Vol.1 No.-

『 신어(新語)』 의 황노사상(黃老思想)

장지철,권덕주 한국도교학회 1993 道敎學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The thought of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu belongs to one of the Taoist schools. It came into existence in the middle period of Warring States and was quite popular in the States of Han(). Zhao Qi and reached its peak at the beginning of the Han Dynasty. The first work on the thought of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu at the beginning of the Han Dynasty is Hsin-Yu by Lu Jia. However, for a long time, Hsin-yu has been listed as a work of Confucianism, this,of course, is a mistake. My argument bases on the two points 1. The basic spirit of Lu-Jia's statements to Liu-Bang is about the exploitation of civilian and military measures, this is the traditional thought of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu. 2. Hs'n-Yu advocates nonaction policy, actually, nonaction is no action at all, that is to say, nonaction is only a form, getting everything done is the purpose. This is the very core of nonaction and tranquility of the Huang-ti and Lao-tzu thought. Hsin-yu was produced at the time between Chu and Han, it did not just copy the original thought of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu, it had its own charcteristics of the new era. This essay deals with the three aspects of the development of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu thought in Hsin-Yu. First, the strong condemnation of the "action" policy of Punishment in the Qin Dynasty. Hsin-Yu based on the nonaction policy of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu Thought, analyed the defeat of Qin Dynasty, held that "the Qin kingdom adopted the policy of punishment, therefore, set in the result of the "overturn of the nest and break of the eggs" ; the appointment of Zhao-Gao and Li-Si brought the disaster and overthrow of the empire. Why? In appropriate person appointed (Reflection on the Administration, Hsin-Yu). In the thought of Huang-ti and Lao-tzu, nonaction is directed agains action, this action refersto the ruling ways of too many governmental decrees, abuse of punishment and tor-ture, haavy taxes and recruits, and so on. This viewpoint has been expressed in Laozi more generally ad briefly. In the light of the collapse of Qin Empire, the New Talk states it comparatively in detail. Second, the benevolence and righteousness are introduced into the thought of Yellow Emperor and Li Dan. For instance, "the consideration of the administration without benevolence, the ruling will certainly fail."Foundations of the Way, New Talk Though Li ,Dan did not take a negative view towards benevolence and righteousness, they certainly are not important in his thought, Whereas in New Talk, benevolence and righteousness are much emphasized, this is a development of Li-Dan's thought. Third, a positive and progressive outlook on life and negation of escapism and reclusive life. The nonaction in the thought of Yellow Emperor and Li Dan aims at the action of all. This positive idea is not expressed in his life outlook, while the New Talk develops it into an active and progressive one: "Shun and Yu once ruled in the prosperity of their kingdams and Confucius took an active social work at the time of declination of the kingdom. The saints were not born useless, and the men of virtue would not live in vain."(Reflection on the Administration, Hsin-Yu). This esaay has also analyzed the cause of the production of the New Talk. The writer holds that since the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods, war and turmoil brought tremendous damage and disasters to the country's economy. Till the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the economy was in the depression, poverty struck the whole country. Therefore, it formed a social mood and social tendency of a strong wish to have well administered, settled and peaceful life. The New 'x'alk propagandizes the nonaction ruling of the Yellow Emperor and Li Dan, it is the product of the social tendency and the mood of those in and out of power. But Lu Jia was in power position at this time, and he represented the rulingclass to write this book for the purpose of summing up the ruling experience and expressed the hope and the faith in the future, it inheried and developed the thought of Yellow Emperor and Lao tzu.

과두 절제술에 의한 악교정 수술을 동반한 제Ⅲ급 부정교합의 치험예

장지철,박영철 연세대학교 치과대학 두개안면기형연구소 1991 연세임상교정 Vol.1 No.-

도사 진박과 그의 도교학술

장지철 한국도교학회 1993 道敎學硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Taoist Chen Tuan in Song Period had made notable Taoistic achievement and had done many Taoistic prophecy. And he was a consultant of To Tai-zhu of Song. He was a distinguished poet as well as a Taoistic Scholar. But his Taoistic work is not transmitted nowadays in absolute forms. But we can peep his academic achievement through ' Long Turu' and `Chihhsuanpian'. He is true that His Taoistic achievement had greally contributed to the Chinese Taoistic development.

네이티브 어메리칸 인디언의 복음 수용 과정과 현장화

장지철 민중신학연구소 2000 (제2종교개혁을 지향하는) 민중과신학 Vol.3 No.3

논 << 신어 >> 적황노사상

장지철(Zhi Zhe Zhang) 숙명여자대학교 중국연구소 1994 중국학연구 Vol.8 No.-

자석의 견인력을 이용한 상악골 확대 장치의 효과

장지철,김형돈,한부석,이원유 대한치과교정학회 1991 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.21 No.3

To study the possibility of attraction magnetic forces to expand maxillary arch, we used 2 big adult dogs, 2 small puppies, 1 small adult dog as experiments, and 1 small adult dog as a control. We measured the intercanine width and intermolar width and histologically observed in the suture and cervical and apex region of teeth and took occlusal X-rays to observe separation of suture line in the maxila. The results were as follows: 1.Expansion velocities of intercanine(0.25mm/day) and intermolar widths(0.23mm/day) in puppies were faster than those(0.135mm/day, 0.09mm/day) in adults. 2.In all experiments in adults (0.135mm/day) and puppies(0.25mm/day), expansion velocity of intercanine widths were faster than those(0.09mm/day, 0.23mm/day) of intermolar width. 3.In all experiments ectatic changes were observed and cellularities of fibroblast increased in the suture line. Only in adults dogs the separations of palatal suture were observed in the occlusal X-ray view. 4.In the puppies bony deposition was particularly observed in the suture line and micro-bony fragments were often observed. 5.In the all experiments no root resorption was observed in the cervical and root area, but normal root resorption due to eruption of permanent teeth was observed in the puppies.

성견의 전치부 INTRUSION시 간헐적 교정력과 지속적 교정력의 적용에 따른 치근 흡수에 관한 실험적 연구

장지철(Ji-Chul Chang),박영철(Young-Chul Park) 대한치과교정학회 1992 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption pattern in incisors in dog under intrusive orthodontic loadings of various magnitude and duration. Intrusive forces were generated by closed coil springs. Force magnitudes were 15-30gm, 50-60gm and 80-110gm. Durations were continuous and intermittent. Intermittent duration was applied at intervals of 12 hours. The readjustment of the force was done every 4 days. The forces were maintained for 30 days. All specimens were decalfied, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Observations were made with light microscope. The following results were obtained; 1. The continuity of root surface was ceased in all, except intermittent forced teeth with 25gm. 2. The root resorptions, cementoclasts and cemental lacunae, were increased around periapical regions and the destructive scope of bone was deeply extended as the exerted orthodontic forces increased. 3. It was inspected that, under the same forces, root resorption and bone destruction were more deeply appeared in the continuously forced teeth than the intermittently forced ones. 4. All of the alveolar bone, showed direct and undermining bone resorptions.