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하수처리장 방류수에 존재하는 항생제 내성인자가 하천에 미치는 영향
장예진,유용재,설우준,차창준,이옥재,채종찬,Jang, Yejin,Yoo, Yong-Jae,Sul, Woo Jun,Cha, Chang-Jun,Rhee, Ok-Jae,Chae, Jong-Chan 한국미생물학회 2017 미생물학회지 Vol.53 No.4
하수처리장 방류수와 하천 중의 항생제 내성인자 분포에 대한 상관성을 분석하기 위해 방류수와 상류 하천수, 하류 하천수를 대상으로 항생제 내성유전자와 전파 관련 유전자를 조사하였다. 3개 지점에서 134~183개의 항생제 내성유전자(ARG) 및 전파 관련 유전자(MGE)가 검출되었으며, 1개의 16S rRNA 유전자에 대한 ARG 및 MGE 유전자의 상대적인 총 합이 0.063~0.422 copy로 분석되었다. ARG와 MGE의 수와 존재량은 방류수에서 가장 높게 검출된 반면, 총 세균 수는 가장 적게 검출됨으로서 하수처리 과정에서 사멸된 세균에 포함된 유전자들이 검출된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 MGE의 존재량 양상이 ARG의 존재량과 상관관계를 보임으로서 항생제 내성균들의 내성기작이 자연내성보다는 획득내성일 가능성을 제시하였다. The antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) and mobile genetic elements (MGE) were investigated with the effluent of waste-water treatment plant (WWTP), and river waters of upstream and downstream in order to elucidate the effect of effluent on antibiotic resistance in a natural river. Total numbers of 134~183 of ARG and MGE were detected and the abundance of ARG and MGE was 0.063~0.422 copies per one of 16S rRNA gene in three water samples. Effluent sample contained the highest amount of the total number and abundance of ARG and MGE whereas total viable cells were observed in the lowest amount among the three samples. This indicated that the genes were originated from cells died during the wastewater treatment process. In addition, the co-relationship of abundance between ARG and MGE suggested that acquired resistance was a prevalent mechanism among the antibiotic-resistant bacteria existing in WWTP.
장미란(Mi-Ran Jang),이창희(Chang-Hee Lee),최인선(In-Sun Choi),신춘식(Choon-Shik Shin),김진희(Jin-Hee Kim),장영미(Young-mi Jang),김동술(Dong Sul Kim),안동현(Dong-Hyun Ahn) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.2
시중 유통 중인 과자류, 빵, 떡류, 면류 및 선식 등 432건을 immunoaffinity column으로 정제하여 HPLC-FLD로 제랄레논에 대한 오염실태를 조사하였다. 제랄레논의 검량선은 결정계수(R<SUP>2</SUP>)가 0.999 이상으로 양호한 직선성을 보였고 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 2.0, 6.0 μg/kg, 회수율 80.2-98.4%이었으며 RSD가 0.82-6.40%로 양호한 재현성을 나타내었다. 제랄레논 모니터링 결과, 과자류 중 스낵과자류 66건 중 3건에서 6.02-11.82 μg/kg 검출되었고 비스킷 71건 중 2건에서는 14.78-17.83 μg/kg 검출되었다. 면류, 빵류 및 떡류에서는 제랄레논이 검출되지 않았으며 침출차 14건에서 최고 53.76 μg/kg 검출, 선식 24건 중 16건에서 가장 높은 검출율(66.7%)을 나타내었다. 전분 2건, 시리얼두유 1건에서 제랄레논이 각각 5.55-8.56, 10.26 μg/kg 검출되었다. 제랄레논 모니터링 결과는 기준이 설정되어 있는 유럽연합(곡류분말: 75 μg/kg, 빵, 비스킷, 스낵, 아침식사대용 시리얼류: 50 μg/kg, 영아 및 유아용 시리얼류: 20 μg/kg) 기준이하의 수준이었으며 국내외 연구보고와 비교한 결과 낮거나 비슷한 수준으로 검토되었다. 연구결과 곡류가공품에 대한 제랄레논 오염수준은 높지 않았으나 지구 온난화로 기후변화에 민감한 곰팡이독소와 같은 자연 독소의 발생 증가가 우려되므로 선제적으로 대응하는 안전관리가 요구된다. Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminerum, a species which colonizes a wide variety of cereals, including wheat, barley and processed products. A survey of ZEA contamination was conducted on 141 dried confectioneries, 59 breads and rice cakes, 135 noodles and 101 other products, for a total of 432 commercial samples. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after immunoaffinity clean-up and was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The limits of detection and quantification were 2.0 and 6.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 80.2% to 98.4% in the cereal based product. ZEA was detected in 38 samples (8.8% incidence), including 3 snack, 2 biscuit and 33 other cereal products. The ZEA contamination levels were in the range of 5.38-53.76 μg/kg. Finally, LC-MS/MS analysis of the contaminated samples was conducted to confirm the detected ZEA, and all 38 samples showing ZEA by HPLC-FLD were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
창상훈(Sang-Hoon Chang),이기원(Ki-Won Lee),장사술(Sa-Sul Jang),이태권(Tae-Kwon Lee) 한국철도학회 2011 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
This study presents a development of DeCatS(Detail Design of High Speed Catenary System) which is a software to design high speed catenary system automatically. The program is developed by Korea Railroad Research Institute with the support of KHSR. A process of developing it and a comparison with LEXCAT, in order to demonstrate a preciseness of that, were performed. In the program, decision of H-beam, cantilever fitting, management of materials, automatic drawing and etc. according to input conditions can be accomplished. In this study, especially the program algorithm for the decision of mast was introduced.
김빛나래 ( Bitnarae Kim ),남명진 ( Myung Jin Nam ),장한누리 ( Hannuree Jang ),장한길로 ( Hangilro Jang ),손정술 ( Jeong-sul Son ),김희준 ( Hee Jun Kim ) 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 2017 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.20 No.2
Induced polarization (IP) method is based on the measurement of a polarization effect known as overvoltage of the ground. IP techniques have been usually used to find mineral deposits, however, nowadays widely applied to hydrogeological investigations, surveys of groundwater pollution and foundation studies on construction sites. IP surveys can be classified by its source type, i.e., time-domain IP estimating chargeability, frequency-domain IP measuring frequency effect (FE), and complex resistivity (CR) and spectral IP (SIP) measuring complex resistivity. Recently, electromagnetic-based IP has been studied to avoid the requirement for spike electrodes to be placed in the ground. In order to understand IP methods in this study, we: 1) classify IP surveys by source type and measured data and illustrate their basic theories, 2) describe historical development of each IP forward modeling and inversion algorithm, and finally 3) introduce various case studies of IP measurements.
우동희 ( Dong Hee Woo ),김상호 ( Sang Ho Kim ),장설 ( Sul Jang ),최병문 ( Byung Moon Choi ),구민석 ( Min Seok Koo ),이명애 ( Myung Ae Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.56 No.3
The incidence of post-dural puncture meningitis is very low. A 44-year-old patient developed a fever (38℃, headache, neck stiffness, nausea, and vomiting after combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia and surgery for closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with intramedullary (IM) nailing, tibia, Rt. With a preliminary diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment was immediately started after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. The CSF was clear and revealed a white blood cell count, protein, glucose, and pressure of 146/μl, 225 mg/dl, 48 mg/dl (serum 151 mg/dl), and 26 cmH2O, respectively. The CSF stain and culture were negative. Considering the injection of preventive antibiotics before CSE anesthesia, partially treated bacterial meningitis was suspected. Four weeks later, clinical symptoms had improved before the patient was discharged. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56: 337~40)
윤학선(Hak-Sun Yun),김대원(Dae-Won Kim),장사술(Sa-Sul Jang),최진식(Jin-Sig Choi) 한국철도학회 2011 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
For "Standardization and Performance Evaluation of the Korea Radio Train Control System(KRTCS) for Urban railway" being driven as a national R&D project this paper presents the requirements for the performance evaluation of the construction of the demonstration line for the driverless train control system based on radio train control for the urban railways system which will be installed along the 11.7 km section between the Illo Station Muan-gun and Daebul Station(Daebul Line) in Yeongam-gun Jeollanam-do.
사전-정합 로드-풀 측정을 통한 X-대역 40 W급 펄스 구동 GaN HEMT 전력증폭기 설계
정해창(Hae-Chang Jeong),오현석(Hyun-Seok Oh),염경환(Kyung-Whan Yeom),진형석(Hyeong-Seok Jin),박종설(Jong-Sul Park),장호기(Ho-Ki Jang),김보균(Bo-Kyun Kim) 한국전자파학회 2011 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11
본 논문에서는 X-대역에서 GaN HEMT 소자의 로드-풀 측정을 통한 40 W급 전력증폭기 모듈의 설계, 제작을 보였다. 전력증폭기의 설계에 적용하기 위한 능동 소자로, 최근 발표된 TriQuint사의 GaN HEMT 소자를 선정하였다. 로드-풀 측정 시스템의 임피던스 튜너의 임피던스 범위 제한으로 인하여, 시험치구 내에 사전-정합 회로를 구성하였다. 사전-정합 회로가 포함된 로드-풀 측정을 통해 최적 입·출력 임피던스를 도출하기 위하여, 사전-정합 회로의 2-포트 S-파라미터가 필요하며, 이의 새로운 추출 방법을 제안하였다. 이와 같이 결정된 사전-정합 회로의 S-파라미터를 반영한 로드-풀 측정을 통해 도출된 최적 입·출력 임피던스는 데이터 시트와 근접한 결과를 주며, 이를 통해 측정의 타당성을 확인하였다. 전력증폭기의 정합 회로는 도출된 최적 임피던스로부터 EM co-simulation을 이용하여 설계하였다. 제작된 전력증폭기는 15×17.8 mm²으로 소형의 크기를 가지며, 10 usec의 펄스 폭, 10 % duty의 펄스 입력 및 드레인 스위칭 상태에서, 9~9.5 GHz 대역 내 출력은 46.7~46.3 dBm, 전력 이득은 8.7~8.3 dB, 효율은 약 35 %의 특성을 보인다. In this paper, a design and fabrication of 40 W power amplifier for the X-band using load-pull measurement of GaN HEMT chip are presented.The adopted active device for power amplifier is GaN HEMT chip of TriQuint company, which is recently released. Pre-matched fixtures are designed in test jig, because the impedance range of load-pull tuner is limited at measuring frequency. Essentially required 2-port S-parameters of the fixtures for extraction optimal input and output impedances is obtained by the presented newly method. The method is verified in comparison of the extracted optimal impedances with data sheet. The impedance matching circuit for power amplifier is designed based on EM co-simulation using the optimal impedances. The fabricated power amplifier with 15×17.8 mm2 shows the efficiency above 35 %, the power gain of 8.7~8.3 dB and the output power of 46.7~46.3 dBm at 9~9.5 GHz with pulsed-driving width of 10 usec and duty of 10 %.