Bee Venom Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Mouse BV2 Microglial Cells

장미현,이명화,김창주,신혜숙,박세근,김정선,김이화,Jang, Mi-Hyeon,Lee, Myoung-Hwa,Kim, Chang-Ju,Shin, Hye-Sook,Park, Se-Keun,Kim, Jeong-Seon,Kim, Ee-Hwa Society for Meridian and Acupoint 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 봉독 약침액이 BV2 microglial cell에서 LPS로 유발된 염증반응에 대한 억제효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법 : 봉독 약침액의 항염증작용을 관찰하기 위하여 BV2 microglial cell에 봉독약침액을 1시간전에 농도별$(0.1,\;1,\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$로 전처치한 후 LPS $(5\;{\mu}g/ml)$로 24시간 동안 처리하여 RT-PCR, western blot, $PGE_2$, assay, NO synthesis assay등의 방법으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : LPS 염증유발에 의해서 BV2 microglial cell에서 COX-2 및 NOS 발현이 증가하였고, 이 러한 증가는 prostaglandin E2 및 NO 합성을 증가시켰다. 이에 반하여 봉독약침액으로 전처치한 군에서는 COX-2 및 NOS 발현을 억제시켜 결과적으로 prostaglandin 합성 및 NO 합성을 억제시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 LPS 염증유발에 의해서 활성화된 NF-kB의 발현을 억제 시켰다. 결론 : 봉독약침 액은 LPS 염증유발에 의해서 증가된 prostaglandin E2 및 NO 합성을 억제시킴으로써 여러 가지 염종질환의 치료에 유효한 효과가 있을 것으로 사려 된다.

1960년대 일본조선연구소의 `식민사상` 제기와 `고도성장체제` 비판

장미현 ( Jang Mi-hyun ) 역사문제연구소 2012 역사문제연구 Vol.16 No.1

The Japanese Joseon Research Institute was a research facility established in 1961, during the time of the Korea-Japan talks and also the `Return project,` the time when the Japanese researchers` interest in Korean studies was growing higher than ever. Through the 1960s and `70s, the Japanese Joseon Research Institute pursued both academic studies and reform activities, and with their activities either in the form of publications or seminars, members of the institute argued that in order to truly reform Japan, the “Colonial thinking(the Colonial philosophy)” of the Japanese public should be erased from the minds of the Japanese people. The Japanese Joseon Research Institute was a place where not only researchers studying the history of Joseon, but also researchers studying the history of entire Asia, all gathered together and analyzed (while also displaying themselves) all the changes that were occurring throughout the Japanese society, as well as the academic community, in the 1960s. The primary focus of the studies and activities of the Japanese Joseon Research Institute was no other than the Korean peninsula, the country which had been invaded by the Japanese imperialism in the early half of the 20th century, and the country the Japanese people was once again about to infiltrate with their economic advances enabled by the Korea-Japan talks in 1965. They argued that the activities of the Institute should concentrate upon eliminating the above-mentioned “Colonial thinking(the Colonial philosophy),” which was turning out to be a constant dilemma which Japan had to face all the time when it negotiated with the Joseon people. The Institute members` intentions were not to merely assess how much of a responsibility the Japanese would have to bear for their invasion of the Joseon peninsula in the past, but to determine the process in which `Colonial thinking` was reinforcing the structure of (Japanese) ruling (of Korea) in the present. It was truly a huge departure from the Japanese `Colonial attitude,` and surprisingly it came from no other than the researchers of Japan, which had been the Imperial motherland in the first place. The concentrated high development in the Japanese society during the late 1960s was also considered to have been a result of Japan`s `invasion` of the Korean economy which was made possible after the signing of the Korea-Japan talks. The Institute argued that because the Colonial thinking was never successfully eliminated or sufficiently suppressed, the Japanese people were not regarding such offenses as invasive ones. They passionately argued that in order to go beyond all the `high developments,` the Colonial `philosophy` should be resolved and be done with more thoroughly. The Japanese Joseon Research Institute`s argument that criticised the Japanese authorities for `forgetting the responsibility for colonizing a country and ruling it,` and that the colonial philosophy was still continuing to exist, was something that was hard to swallow for their contemporary Japanese brethren, who considered the post-war era to be an entirely different time period from the pre-war period, as seen from a `Post-war Democracy` perspective. Even the Japanese Communists blamed the Japanese Joseon Research Institute for defining the victims(the people) as offenders. `Colonial philosophy` was all about Japan`s responsibility for its own past deeds, colonizing a country and ruling it with a fist. Yet the Japanese Joseon Research Institute did not use the word only to analyze the past. The institute members wanted to change the world, and the future of Japan. It was a cause to reconfigure the Japanese consciousness, and the very topic the institute utilized in doing so was the history of Joseon. The Japanese Joseon Research Institute defined the `researchers` as `research activists,` and established the elimination of Colonial thinking(philosophy) as their top-priority action. Their such stance was well reflecting the nature of the Japanese intellectuals of the time, who were more than ready to delve into the real world. They raised some issues regarding the `fashion` of the Japan society`s high development, when economic developments were in high-gear and especially based upon no other than the `colonial thinking`. They urged the Japanese people to think about the role the “Imperialist Americans(or the `Americans fighting the Cold war`)” urged them to play in the first place.

박정희 정부 시기 기능경기대회의 도입과 ‘엘리트’ 기능공들의 임계

장미현(Jang, Mi-Hyun) 역사학연구소 2017 역사연구 Vol.- No.32

1964년 이후 박정희 정부는 기능인력 증대와 공업선진국 한국의 이미지 창출을 위해 국제기능올림픽 참가를 결정했다. 초기에는 국위선양과 한국 상품의 이미지 제고를 통한 수출증대라는 경제적 목적이 강했지만 대회를 직접 주관하고 있던 제 단체들과 이 단체들을 감독한 노동청은 청소년 기능공들의 기능 측정, 기능향상, 그리고 청소년 기능공에 대한 사회적 인식 변화와 기능이 우대받는 사회를 만든다는 사회적 목표를 표방했다. 주최 측의 우려와는 달리 목표는 성공적으로 수행되었다. 무엇보다 청소년 기능공들의 호응이 컸다. 청소년 기능공들의 참여와 경쟁이 심화된 배경에는 학교와 기업 간 경쟁이 있었다. 기업의 경우, 소속 선수가 우수한 성적을 거둘 경우 기업의 기술력이 뛰어나다는 이미지 제고뿐만 아니라 정부가 지원하는 사업 선정에도 유리했다. 국가와 학교, 기업, 개인의 이해가 맞아 비교적 단기간에 기능경기 대회는 정착했다. 이 대회로 인해 부의 축적과 고시 합격, 항력 상승과 같은 요인 외에 기능, 나아가 기술이 성공 요인으로 인정받는 시대로 접어들었다. 일부의 엘리트 기능공들은 이런 시대적 변화를 타고 개인적 계층 상승을 이뤘다. 그러나 기능우대사회를 형성하기 위해 도입된 기능경기대회는 기능공들 내부의 치열한 경쟁의 장이었다. 박정희 정권이 만든 기능우대사회는 기능을 가진 모든 기능공들이 자신의 기술력으로 인정받는 사회가 아닌, 경쟁에서 승리한 기능공들을 선별해 혜택을 부여하는 방식을 취하고 있었다. 청소년 기능공들에게 주어진 가장 큰 혜택은 대학진학의 기회 부여였다. 역설적으로 가장 우수한 기능공들부터 탈기능공화를 시도했다. 그 결과 기능우대사회를 만들기 위해 도입된 기능경기대회의 수상 특혜가 학벌과 학력 중심을 강화하는 효과를 창출했다. 이 과정에서 최고의 기능을 가진 일부 ‘엘리트’ 기능공들마저도 학력과 학벌 중심의 사회로부터 소외를 느꼈다. 사실 ‘기능공존중사회’는 생산직 노동자의 사회적 지위 자체를 높여야 가능한 것이었다. 기능공의 지위 향상이나 학력중심사회의 타파는 결국 생산 자체에 종사하고 있던 노동자들의 사회적 지위가 그 외 직업 종사자들과 비슷해져야 이룰 수 있다. 그리고 1980년대 이후 기능우대, 노동존중의 사회를 만들어 간 것은 국가가 아닌 노동자들 자신이었다. Since 1964, Park Chung Hee government has decided to participate in the International Vocational Training Competition to increase the number of skilled workers and to create an image of a developed industrial country in Korea. In the early years, the economic purpose of increasing exports by enhancing the image of Korean products and strengthening national prestige was strong. However, the organizations that directly supervised the conventions and Office of Labor Affairs that supervised these organizations were responsible for measuring the skills of youth workers, And the social goal of creating a society in which changes in social perceptions and skills are favorable. Unlike the organizer"s concerns, the goal was accomplished successfully. First of all, the response of youth workers was great. There was competition between the school and the company in the backdrop of the participation and competition among the youth workers. In the case of companies, if the participants perform well, it is advantageous to enhance the image that the company has superior technology, and it was also advantageous to select a business supported by the government. have settled in a relatively short period of time because the interests of the state, schools, corporations and individuals are same. This competition has brought us to the era when skills and technologies are recognized as success factors in addition to factors such as accumulation of wealth, acceptance of examination, increase in academic ability. Some of the ‘elite’ craftsmen have achieved this level of personal change by taking advantage of these changes. However, This competition which was introduced to form a society that treats skills was a field of fierce competition within them. The society that treats skills created by Park Jung-hee regime took the way of selecting beneficiaries of the competitors who won the competition rather than a society in which all the skilled workers with the skills were recognized by their own skills. The greatest benefit to award-winning practitioners was the opportunity to advance to college, and paradoxically, the most talented practitioners attempted to seek escape from their existing status. As a result, the award privilege of the competition which was introduced to create a preferential society created the effect of strengthening the academic center. Even some "elite" technicians who have the best function in this process felt alienated from the academic and academic centered society. In fact, "Respectful workers" society was able to raise through the improvement of the status of skilled workers or the breakdown of academic-centered society can only be achieved if the social status of the workers engaged in production itself is similar to those of other occupations. And since the 1980s, it was the workers themselves, not the state, who created a society of skill preference and respect for labor.

한국어판 음성장애 대처 설문지(VDCQ)의 임상 적용

장미현(Mi Hyeon Jang),김효정(Hyo Jung Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2022 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

산업화 시기 여성 노동자들의 숙련과 `작업장 질서`의 전복

장미현 ( Jang Mi Hyun ) 역사문제연구소 2016 역사문제연구 Vol.20 No.2

1960s and 1970s was a period was the introduction of new industries and development. Previously, many products were not created so, this was the time when the formation of skilled workers was key national projects. For the promotion of the heavy industries, Park Chung-hee government has devoted especially to the previous emphasis on human resource development needed in this area. However, investment in human resource were made strictly intended only for men. Women workers have stayed in the female jobs because they were not given the opportunity of a wide range of vocational education and training male workers received. The best place for many women to get a vocational training was private institution. However women workers entered the industry have disparaged women and their labor was not only to get away from work. Women workers did not disparage their work and did not try to escape from their own work. Women workers have formed the pride as workers through skills and technology. The recognition of others was the `social recognition` that had not been obtained at school and home. However, such recognition and pride of the women workers was difficult to last. Such women workers with skills and influence in the paradoxical situation have turned to a democratic trade union activists. Skilled female workers have led the democratic trade union movement. Previously They were able to control the workplace through technology. They have tried to overthrew the workshop order. Ironically, they used the ability to control the workplace through technology for the younger women workers to take part in trade union activities. In the process, they were able to regain the pride and recognition of others, the social impact that `initial labor` granted to them but could never persist.

임상 연구 : 복막투석 환자에서 복막염으로 인한 투석도관 제거와 관련된 위험인자

장미현 ( Mi Hyun Jang ),황은아 ( Eun Ah Hwang ),김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),최고 ( Go Choi ),한승엽 ( Seung Yeup Han ),박성배 ( Sung Bae Park ),홍윤수 ( Yoon Soo Hong ),이금희 ( Keum Hee Lee ),김현철 ( Hyun Chul Kim ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.3

목적: 복막투석액 교환방법의 개선을 포함한 복막투석 수기의 발전으로 최근 복막염의 빈도가 현저히 감소하였으나 복막염은 여전히 복막투석환자의 사망과 복막투석도관 제거의 가장 중요한 원인으로 남아 있다. 저자들은 계명대학교 동산병원에서 복막투석치료를 받고 있는 환자들 중 복막염으로 도관을 제거한 환자들을 대상으로 도관 제거와 관련된 위험인자를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2009년 2월까지 계명대학교 동산병원에서 새로 복막투석치료를 시작한 환자들 중 6개월 이상 추적이 가능하였던 환자들을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 총 8년간의 연구기간 동안 복막투석치료를 새로이 시작한 621명의 환자 중 378명 (60.9%)이 복막염을 경험하였고, 이들 환자에게서 총 917회의 복막염이 발생하였으며 80회 (8.7%)에서 복막염으로 복막투석도관을 제거하였다. 도관제거 환자군 (n=80)과 도관유지 환자군 (n=298) 사이의 연령, 남녀비, 원인 신 질환에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 복막염 횟수는 도관 유지군에서 0.67 회/환자-연, 도관 제거군에서 1.11 회/환자-연으로 도관 제거군에서 유의하게 복막염의 빈도가 높았다 (p=0.029). 도관제거 복막염군 (n=80)은 도관유지 복막염군 (n=837)에 비해 복막염 발생시까지의 기간이 유의하게 길었으며 (30.4±21.5개월 vs. 20.6±18.4개월, p<0.000), 복막염 발생 당시 혈청 알부민치가 유의하게 낮았고 (2.9±0.5 vs. 3.0±0.5 g/dL, p=0.009), CRP는 유의하게 높았다 (11.9±9.9 vs. 6.2±6.3 mg/dL, p<0.000). 또한 배액 내의 백혈구수가 100/mm3개 이상 지속되었던 날이 유의하게 길었다 (8.5±5.2 vs. 3.5±2.7일, p<0.000). 복막염이 발생된 원인별로는 도관제거 복막염군에서 출구감염의 동반율이 높았으며 (5.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.043), 복강내 질환의 동반율 또한 유의하게 높았다 (6.3% vs 0.2%, p<0.000). 도관제거 복막염군에서 진균에 의한 복막염의 비율은 도관유지 복막염군에 비해 유의하게 높았고 (26.4% vs. 0%, p<0.000), 2종류 이상의 균이 배양된 환자 비율도 유의하게 높았다 (12.6% vs 3.2%, p=0.002). 도관제거와 관련된 위험인자의 다변량 분석에서는 배액 내의 백혈구수가 100 개/mm3 이상 지속된 기간, 배양된 균수가 2개 이상일 경우가 도관제거의 독립적인 위험인자였다. 결론: 복막투석환자에서 복막염이 발생할 경우 도관제거의 독립적인 위험인자로는 배액 내의 백혈구수가 100 개/mm3 이상 지속된 기간 및 복합 균주감염일 경우가 유의한 위험인자였다. Purpose: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter removal is regarded as an important index of patient morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing catheter loss following peritonitis in PD patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 917 episodes of peritonitis in 621 new CAPD patients from Jan 2001 to Feb. 2009 in Dongsan Medical center. Episodes requiring PD catheter removal were compared by both univariate and multivariate analyses with those in which PD catheters were preserved. Results: When peritonitis episodes requiring PD catheter removal (n=80) were compared to catheter preserved peritonitis episodes (n=837), the incidence of PD catheter loss increased as the duration on PD preceding the peritonitis were longer (p<0.000). Also, PD catheter removal was more likely to occur after peritonitis episodes with low serum albumin level (p=0.009) and high serum CRP level (p< 0.000), those with long duration of PD effluent leukocyte count remaining above 100/mm3 (p<0.000), those with concomitant exit site/tunnel infection (p=0.043), and those with presence of abdominal pathology (p<0.000). The microbiological determinants of PD catheter loss included two or more bacteria cultured (p=0.002) and fungi (p<0.000). In multivariate analysis, the duration of PD effluent leukocyte count remaining above 100/mL and the number of organism cultured were independent risk factors of PD catheter removal in peritonitis episodes. Conclusion: Duration of PD effluent leukocyte count remaining above 100/mm3, and the number of organisms cultured were independent risk factors for catheter removal following peritonitis.

1970년대 초반 재계의 외국인 투자 유치 활동과 그 `결과` ―기술도입과 저임금 생산 기반 형성의 `이중주`

장미현 ( Jang Mi-hyeon ) 역사문제연구소 2013 역사문제연구 Vol.17 No.2

Examined in this article are the business circle`s efforts to invite direct foreign investment, around the time of the Free Export area`s installation. They were no longer simply playing their supposed roles, as instructed by the government. They themselves were instrumental in inviting large scale investments, and as a result of their actions a 1970s` version of a Korean economy, which was based upon the acquirement of technology and the establishment of a low-wage production system, was formed. In order to create an adequate environment that would invite direct investment from foreign sources, the business circle proposed the installation of the “Im`hae Free Export Business Area.” Primary businesses to be invited there were suggested as electronics and precision instruments. This shows that the business sector was gearing up for developing the electronics industry and was in dire need of acquiring necessary technology that could be established through joint-venture investment corporations in these areas. The proposal was accepted, and the development plan for the Masan Free Export Area was approved. With the installation of a Free Export area, the business circle reinforced their efforts of advertising. And the major selling point in advertising the area was the fact that the wage of the Korean workers were generally low. The business circle also put efforts into keeping the wage of the workers (at companies which either received or would receive foreign investments) low as they promised. Before the establishment of the Free Export area the business circle had already proposed the enactment of a Special law which would restrict the labor-related rights of the workers at companies that received foreign investments. The government approved that as well. As a result, the amount of the foreigners` direct investment in Korean companies increased in the 1970s. The electronics industry also witnessed investment increase through joint-venture companies, which were accompanied by technology acquirements. Samsung and Kumsung established join-venture investment companies and acquired necessary technology that would considerably enhance their products. But the workers at those companies had to endure low wage and restriction of their rights. The wage of the workers at the companies inside the Masan Free Export area were also lower than those of the laborers working at other companies outside the free zone. The acquirement of technology, and the establishment of a low-wage production system inside the companies that had investments from the foreigners in the early 1970s, was a direct result of the business circle`s efforts to invite foreign investment. Their such initiative also demanded the workers at those companies be forced to accept a considerably low wage, which had different results for the management and the workers. Thriving company leadership and the staggering status of the workers were all results of the business circle`s policy to invite foreign investment.

1970년대 후반 기업의 직업훈련소 운영과 훈련의 효과 -금성통신 기간사원 양성과정을 중심으로-

장미현 ( Mihyun Jang ) 연세사학연구회 2022 學林 Vol.49 No.-

본 연구는 기업의 직업훈련 사례 중 하나로 1970년대 후반 금성통신의 직업훈련을 살펴본다. 금성사에서 분사한 금성통신은 전국기능경기대회와 기능올림픽 입상자들을 다수 배출하고 있었던 만큼 기능직 훈련에도 적극적이었다. 1976년부터는 사내 강사를 활용한 초급대학 수준의 훈련 과정을 개설하였다. 초급대학 수준의 기간사원 양성과정으로 개설된 이 훈련은 고졸 훈련생을 선발해 1년 간 훈련을 시킨 후 사무기술직에 입사시키는 프로그램이었다. 기간사원 양성과정을 통해 금성통신이 기대한 효과는 두 가지였다. 첫째, 고졸사원을 입사시켜 총급여액을 절약하는 것이었고 둘째, 훈련소 기숙사 입소와 단체생활을 통해 애사심을 향상시켜 이직률을 낮추는 것이었다. 구술을 통해 확인했듯이 기간사원 양성과정 훈련생들 대다수가 훈련과정에 만족하는 편이었다. 1년 간의 훈련 과정은 입사 후 이들의 회사생활에 큰 도움이 되었다. 하지만 훈련생들은 대졸사원 대우를 넘어 대학 진학을 회사가 지원할 것으로 기대했다. 기업과 훈련생들의 기대 효과가 달랐던 것이다. 한편 기업이 의도한 애사심과 단체생활을 통해 훈련생들은 자신들만의 유대감을 형성했다. 이들은 자신들의 네트워크를 형성해 사내·외에서 협력하였다. 이러한 네트워크가 훈련생들에겐 유리했지만 기업 차원에서는 인사관리 차원에서도 잠재적 위험요소가 될 수 있었다. 입사 후 훈련생들 대다수는 대졸사원 대우와 대졸은 다르다는 점을 체감했고 대다수가 야간대학 진학을 선택했다. 본 연구를 통해 확인할 수 있었듯이 금성통신의 직업훈련은 해당 기업과 산업의 인력수급을 넘어 채용, 인사, 노동과정, 복무, 사내 인간관계 등 복잡한 관계 속에서 전개되었다. 동시에 구술자들의 생애사적 차원에서 보자면 기간사원 양성과정은 이들에게 교육과 취업기회를 제공했다. 하지만 결국 대졸사원 대우였지 대졸과 동등한 사회적 존재로 인정하지는 않았다는 시대적 한계 또한 금성통신 기간사원 양성과정과 구술자들의 생애를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. This study examines the vocational training of Goldstar Telecommunication in the late 1970s as one of the cases of corporate vocational training. Goldstar Telecommunication, which was spun off from Goldstar Company was also active in training for skilled workers as it produced several winners in the National Skills Competition and Skill Olympics. Junior college-level training courses were also established in 1976 conducting in-house instructors. This training was a program, which was opened as a fundamental industry employees training course at the junior college level that trains selected high school graduates for one year, and then joins them in office technician positions, There were two effects that Goldstar Telecommunication expected through the fundamental industry employees training process: First, it was to cut down the total amount of salary by hiring high school graduates, and second, it was to lower the voluntary turnover rate by encouraging loyalty towards the company through entering a training camp dormitory and living together in a group. As confirmed through the verbal statement, most of the trainees in the fundamental industry employees training course were satisfied with the training process and the one-year training course helped them a lot in terms of adjusting to the work environment after joining the company. However, not to mention getting equal treatment as the college graduates, the trainees expected that the company would support them in entering college. There were differences in expectations of the companies and the trainees. The majority of the trainees who moved to Seoul from other provincial areas were of the same age and formed a bond of their own at the training camp as they spend time in a group. They set up their own network and collaborated both inside and outside of work. Although such a network gave the trainees an edge over the others, it could become a potential risk factor for human resource management from the corporate perspective. After joining the company, most of the trainees chose to attend night college because they realized that there was a difference between being equivalent to the college graduates and actually being a college graduates. As can be seen from this study, the vocational training of Goldstar Telecommunication was pan out in intricate relationships such as recruitment, HR, labor process, service, and interpersonal relationships within the company, beyond the supply and demand of manpower in the company and industry. Whilst, from the perspective of the interviewee’s life history, the fundamental industry employees training course provided them with education and employment opportunities. However, it was only an offering of the same treatment as college graduates. And beyond the education discrimination, the generational limitations were also confirmed through the study of the fundamental industry employees training process of Goldstar Telecommunication that they were not recognized as equal society members.

공공시설로서 주민센터 설치기준에 대한 성인지적 분석

장미현(Mi-Hyun, Jang),조연숙(Yeon-Sook, Cho),최정선(Jeong-Sun, Choi) 한국여성정책연구원 2016 여성연구 Vol.90 No.1

공공시설은 생활을 영위하는데 필수적인 기반시설로서 다양한 사람들이 이용할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 점에서, 성별, 연령, 신체적 상황 등의 이용 특성과 관련하여 성인지적인 관점에서 공간의 조성이 요구된다. 그러나 도시공간에 대한 성인지적 논의에 비해 건축공간으로서 공공시설 관련 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구는 공공시설 중 일상생활과 가장 밀접한 생활권 단위의 시설이며, 다중이용시설인 주민센터를 대상으로 설치 기준을 살펴보고, 주민센터의 설치 기준을 개선하기 위해 요구되는 성인지적 관점의 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 성별영향분석평가 및 여성친화도시 연구의 고찰, 공공시설의 성별 요구 조사 분석내용을 토대로 젠더 이슈를 고찰하였다. 이 중 물리적 형태와 밀접한 관련이 있는 젠더 이슈인 접근성과 편의성을 중심으로 성별 요구에 대한 조사 내용을 살펴보고, 주민센터 설치 관련 법, 시행령, 규칙을 분석하였다. 첫째, 접근성의 분석을 위해 주민센터의 입지, 다양한 교통수단과 연계, 대중교통 정거장부터 주민센터 입구까지의 보행공간과 시설의 진입부 구조 등 주민센터를 이용하는데 거치는 이동 환경에 대해 관련 설치 기준을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 편의성의 젠더 이슈에 대한 점검은 이용 특성을 고려한 공간 구조, 이용 특성을 고려한 편의 시설 설치, 돌봄 서비스 공간 및 시설의 세 가지 측면에서 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 장애인 이용과 관련한 진입부 구조, 편의시설, 복도 등 이동 공간에 대한 기준은 비교적 잘 마련되어 있지만, 성별 요구 및 특성을 반영하기에는 미흡 하였다. 접근성의 측면에서 실태 조사 및 입지 선정 시 지역의 성별 인구 구성 및 성별 요구 파악, 임산부와 돌봄 대상자 동반 이용자를 위한 배려 주차공간 마련. 보행공간 기준의 적용 범위 확대, 휠체어 및 유모차 보관소에 대한 기준 마련이 요구된다. 편의성의 측면에서는 장애인, 영유아, 고령자, 임산부 등을 위한 시설의 저층 설치, 휠체어 및 유모차가 2층 이상 접근가능한 수직이동동선 확보, 영유아 보조화장실의 남성화장실 설치 기준 마련, 남녀 화장실 모두 영유아용 기저귀교환대 설치 의무 기준에 포함, 임산부 등을 위한 휴게시설 의무 적용, 수유실 기준의 마련 등이 필요하다. 본 연구는 지역 주민의 이용 특성에 따른 공간 요구를 반영하여 주민센터가 생활에 밀착되는 공공시설이 되는데 요구되는 설치기준의 개선 방향성을 제시하였다. 기존의 연구에서 주요 변수로 고려되지 않았던 젠더의 관점에서 시설 설치 기준을 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있으며, 연구의 결과는 성인지적 관점에서 실질적인 설치 기준 마련의 토대로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Public facilities are an important infrastructure for a life and should be available to different users. There the user characteristics related to social, cultural, and physical condition should be considered in order to create public facilities. However, researches on public facilities are somewhat limited. The purpose of this study was to derive the direction to improve the installation standards of the community center as a typical public facility on gender perspective. The community center is in a living area and used by various people. The analysis on installation standards have been carried out based on accessibility and convenience. Those are the issues on the physical form of gender which were drawn from the gender impact assessment on architecture and urban space and the study on gender-equality city. The criteria for entry space, hallway and amenities which are available to the handicapped are relatively well provided. However the standards are insufficient to reflect the gender needs and characteristics. Various people; a person accompanying an infant (the high proportion of women), children, the elderly, the disabled, etc. should be considered. The installation criteria need to be complemented on the following topics: the accessible locations of public facilities, the connection with various transportations, the appropriate spatial structure of use characteristics, the care services and the convenient facilities and so on. The results of this study are significant in view of the analysis of gender perspective that was hardly considered as the main variable in previous studies. The results of the study can be utilized as a basis to provide substantial installation standards in the gender perspective.

도시 및 건축 분야의 성인지통계 현황 분석 및 개선방안

장미현(Jang, Mi-Hyun),차은아(Cha, Eun-Ah),강미선(Kang, Mi-Seon) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.11

With the institutionalization of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’ strategy, creating gender statistics is a basic requirement for the gender-sensitive policy making along with Gender Impact Assessment and Gender-sensitive Budget. In spite of its significance and urgency, Gender-sensitive Statistics has hardly been produced in the field of urban planning and architecture, since the field has not only long been regarded as gender-neutral and but also been disinterested in the gender-sensitive policy making. This study aims to examine the current situation of the gender statistics in the field of urban planning and architecture and to propose the ways of improvement for the production of gender statistics and its application. Developing Gender-sensitive Statistics enables to enlighten the different situations of men and women and to analyze the different influence of urban planning and architectural policy for creating gender-sensitive urban environment.