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임철현 경북대학교 법학연구원 2019 법학논고 Vol.0 No.65
With the development of electronic financial transactions such as Fintech, the utility and benefits of financial consumers have improved to a remarkable level. However, the development of these electronic financial transactions does not only benefit financial consumers, and the profits that financial firms take by their electronic financial businesses are also enormous. If financial consumers are exposed to the dangers of IT crimes without any legal protection, however, they will end up only increasing the profits of financial companies at the expense of financial consumers. In the light of risk-allocation, it seems that the Korean courts, mired in the principle of liability with fault, ignored Article 9 of the Electronic Financial Transactions Act, which would be the shield for financial consumers, even though financial firms should be responsible for losses from the the electronic financial fraud. In other words, unlike the purpose of Electronic Financial Transactions Act that the financial company should bear the risk of the electronic financial fraud, Korean courts’ stance give the impression that the loss due to electronic financial fraud is transferred to financial consumers by allowing the financial company exempted from the damage. The purpose of this article is to argue that there should be a change in the proactive attitude of our courts for the relief of victims of electronic financial fraud by studying the principle of damages and the theory of risk-allocation. 핀테크 등 전자금융거래의 발달로 말미암아 금융소비자의 효용과 편익이 괄목할 만한 수준으로 향상되었다. 그러나 이러한 전자금융거래의 발전으로 인해 금융소비자들만이 혜택을 입는 것은 아니며, 금융회사들이 전자금융사업을 통해 가져가는 금융수익도 실로 엄청나다고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 이러한 기술 발전 이면에 있는 IT 범죄의 위험에 대해 금융소비자들이 무한정 노출된 채 방치된다면 결국 소비자의 위험을 담보로 금융회사들의 수익만 늘리는 결과가 될 것이다. 이처럼 위험분담의 관점에서 보면 금융회사 측에서도 전자금융사기로 인한 손실을 분담해야 할 당위성이 있음에도, 우리 법원은 전통적인 과실책임주의 관념에 젖어 금융소비자의 최후의 방패가 될 전자금융거래법 제9조를 경원시 하지 않았나 생각된다. 즉, 전자금융사기의 피해를 금융회사에 부담시키는 것을 원칙으로 하고, 이용자의 고의, 중과실이 있는 경우에만 특별히 금융소비자에게 위험분담을 시키겠다는 위 법의 근본취지와는 달리, 우리 법원은 금융회사의 면책사유인 이용자의 중과실을 다른 사안과 달리 너무 안이하게 인정함으로써 전자금융사기로 인한 손실을 금융소비자에게 전가시키는 듯한 인상을 주고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 진정한 손해배상의 이념과 위험책임 이론, 그리고 민법상 위험부담 법리를 논리적 기초로 삼아 전자금융사기 피해자들의 적극적인 구제를 위해 우리 법원의 전향적인 태도 변화가 있어야 함을 논증하고자 한다.
임철현,최명규,Won Chul Kim,Jin Soo Kim,조유경,박재명,이인석,김상우,최규용,정인식 대한소화기내시경학회 2012 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.45 No.1
Background/Aims: It is believed that disposable biopsy forceps are more costly than reusable biopsy forceps. In this study, we evaluated performance and cost of disposable forceps versus reusable forceps in esophagogastroduodenoscopic biopsy. Methods: Between October 2009 and July 2010, we enrolled 200 patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopic biopsy at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. Biopsies were performed with 100 disposable or 5 reusable forceps by random assignment. Seventy-five additional patients were studied to estimate durability of reusable forceps. The assisting nurses estimated the performance of the forceps. The evaluation of costs included purchase prices and reprocessing costs. The adequacy of the sample was estimated according to the diameter of the obtained tissue. Results: Performance of disposable forceps was estimated as excellent in 97.0%, good in 2.0% and adequate in 1.0%. Reusable forceps were estimated as excellent in 36.0%, good in 36.0%, adequate in 25.1% and inadequate in 2.9%. The performance of reusable forceps declined with the number of uses. The reprocessing cost of reusable forceps for one biopsy session was calculated as \8,021. The adequacy of the sample was excellent for both forceps. Conclusions: Disposable forceps showed excellent performance. Considering the reprocessing costs of reusable forceps, usage of disposable forceps with a low price should be considered.
만성 신부전 환자에서 위와 직장의 Dieulafoy양병변에 의한 위장관 출혈 1예
임철현,조영석,김현진,문성진,이승우,노치호,신동일,박종현,김창환,김성수,김영옥,윤선애,채현석,이창돈,최규용,정인식 대한소화기내시경학회 2004 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.28 No.3
Dieulafoy's lesion is a very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding that occurs after rupture of an exposed submucosal artery. The majority of lesions are found in the stomach, but rarely it has also been identified in the duodenum, small bowel, colon and rectum. We describe a 78-year-old female with chronic renal failure who presented with melena and was subsequently found to have a Dieufaloy-like lesion in the stomach. The bleeding was successfully managed by endoscopic hemoclipping. During the follow-up, massive gastrointestinal bleeding was developed by a Dieulafoy-like lesion in the rectum. This lesion was managed by endoscopic band ligation, but there was recurrent bleeding from the ulcer site. The ulcer site was locally excised and primary closure was carried out. Dieulafoy 궤양은 작은 점막 병변 내로 노출된 혈관으로부터 심한 위장관 출혈을 일으키는 질환으로 대부분의 병변은 위의 상부에서 발견되지만 드물게 같은 병변이 십이지장, 소장, 대장에서도 관찰된다. 저자들은 흑색변을 주소로 내원한 만성 신부전을 동반한 78세 여자 환자에서 위에 Dieulafoy양 병변을 관찰하고 내시경적 hemoclipping을 시행하여 성공적으로 지혈하였다. 경과 관찰 중 직장에 발생한 Dieulafoy양 병변에서 대량의 위장관 출혈이 발생하여 내시경적 밴드결찰술로 초기 지혈에 성공하였으나 밴드가 탈락된 후 생긴 궤양에서 재출혈하여 궤양부위를 국소절제하고 일차봉합하여 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.