Thermal Properties of Indirect Ceramic Moxibustion

임진웅,김현호,박영배,이상훈 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

목적 : 뜸 연소 실험을 통해 간접구의 일종인 온구기의 연소 특성을 조사하였다. 방법 : 온구기를 유리판 위에 놓고 연소하여 50분간 온도 데이터를 수집하였다. 총 20개의 뜸봉을 연소하여 수집된 데이터를 분석하여 평균 온도, 최고 온도, 최고 온도 도달 시간, 최고 온도 지속 시간을 계산하였다. 또 혈류량을 증가시킨다고 보고된 온도(38℃)에 도달하는 시간, 그 이상의 온도로 지속되는 시간, C-fiber의 활성화를 통해 치료효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고된 온도(42-50℃)에 도달하는 시간과 그 범위 내의 지속시간을 계산하였다. 결과 : 평균 최고온도는 50.4℃이고 평균 도달시간은 1,007초, 평균 지속시간은 27초였다. 평균최고 온도는 보고된 다른 간접구와 유사하였으나 평균 도달시간은 더 길었다. 38℃에 도달하는 평균시간은 410초이고 지속시간은 1,813초였다. 42-50℃에 도달하는 평균시간은 521초이고 지속시간은 990초였다. 결론 : 온구기는 연소 특성이 보고된 다른 종류의 뜸보다 더 오랜 시간 동안 안정적인 열자극이 가능하여, 뜸치료의 임상 활용의 폭을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Comparison of Temperature Time Characteristics of Two Indirect Moxibustion Products

임진웅,Sanghoon Lee,김현호,Kyung-Mo Park 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.6

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the thermal properties of a new indirect ceramic moxibustion (ICM) in comparison with conventional indirect stick moxibustion (ISM) and to interpret the clinical implications of the data. A thermocouple was installed underneath each moxibustion unit to record temperature, and 10 units were burned for each moxibustion trial. The procedure began when the unit temperature reached 27 ± 1˚C and finished when the temperature had returned to 27˚C. The maximum unit temperature, time to reach maximum temperature, and duration of combustion were measured for each moxibustion modality. The maximum temperatures for ISM and ICM were 62.5 ± 2.59˚C and 50.2 ± 2.53˚C, respectively. The times to reach maximumtemperature for ISM and ICM were 5.6 and 16.8 minutes, respectively. The two modalities exhibit different thermal properties as ISM showed a higher maximum temperature (p < 0.0001), which can immediately cause third-degree burns, and a steeper slope of temperature change. ICM, however, showed a lower maximum temperature, more slowly reached the maximum temperature (p < 0.0001), and had a longer and stable duration of combustion. This study suggests that ISM and ICM have statistically different thermal properties, and ICM showed safer thermal properties and a morestable heating pattern.Randomized controlled trials involving various moxibustion modalities are required for further clinical evaluation.

침자 수기법 교육 시스템 개발

임진웅,정원모,이인선,서윤정,류호선,류연희,채윤병 대한침구의학회 2014 대한침구의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : Acupuncture manipulation, a kind of sophisticated hand movements, has been considered a fundamental skill for acupuncture practice. In this study, we aimed to develop acupuncture manipulation education system(AMES) using visual feedback of acupuncture manipulation. We also investigated whether or not acupuncture practice-naïve students could enhance their acupuncture manipulation skills after AMES training. Methods : Using AMES and motion sensor, we visualized a time-series motion template(intend- ed motion) and participant's own motion(actual motion) manipulating an acupuncture needle. Ten students were trained with complex lifting/thrusting techniques for 8 training trials. We compared the motion pattern error of the students between the first and the last trials. Results : In our pilot experiment, half of the participants showed significantly improved manipulation skills in complex lifting/thrusting techniques after training with AMES which is developed in this study, while the other half of the participants did not show significant improvements. Conclusions : The AMES could be useful in acupuncture-manipulation training for students. Our findings suggest that novice can improve sophisticated hand movement for acupuncture manipulation with sensorimotor learning using visual feedback.

초음파 결합형 압통계를 활용한 압통시 소화불량 환자와 건강인의 복강내 조직 변화 비교: 비무작위 대조군 예비 임상시험

임진웅,정태성,정호석,강선이,최창민,김동웅 대한예방한의학회 2023 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the abdominal cavity between functional dyspepsia patients and healthy people using an algometer combined with an ultrasound device. Methods : A non-randomized, controlled, pilot trial was conducted. Thirty patients in the experimental group and fifteen participants in the control group were recruited. We collected demographical data, and measured abdominal circumference, height of the body cavity, subcutaneous fat thickness, visual analogue scale of dyspepsia symptoms in the experimental group, depth of algometer and pressure of algometer when pressure pain occurred, and the whole ultrasonic image from the beginning of pressurization to the time when pressure pain occurred. The measurements were carried out twice with the duration of 1 week. Generalized linear regression was conducted to adjust baseline characteristics. Results : A total of 45 participants (30 in experimental group, 15 in control group) were recruited and finished the trial. Females were recruited more in the experimental group than in the control group and it was statistically significant. The difference in thickness of abdominal cavity between a second before the pressure pain and at the time when pressure pain occurred was statistically significant on 1st visit, and other measurements were not statistically significant. From the results of the regression analysis, the difference between two groups was statistically significant in the differences in the thickness of stomach and up to abdominal aorta on 1st visit, and the thickness of stomach on 2nd visit, and other measurements were not statistically different. Conclusions : According to the results, there were not statistically significant differences in abdominal examination when pressure pain occurred between dyspepsia patients and healthy people. Further studies are warranted to assess the abdominal examination using devices including algometer and ultrasound devices, regarding the results of the present study.

뜸의 특성 연구 방법론에 대한 문헌고찰

임진웅,이상훈 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this review was to summarize and assess researches reporting thermal properties of moxibustion. Methods and Materials : We searched one electronic database(PubMed) and two journals(The Journal of Korean Medicine and The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society) and for the articles published until Nov. 2012. The articles reporting thermal characteristic of moxibustion were selected and reviewed. 31 articles were included and assessed in this review. The type of moxibustion, the material beneath moxbustion, main outcome and the amount of information were reviewed. The amount of information was defined as 1 for one main outcome reported in each article. Results : Direct moxibustion were used in 15 articles and indirect moxibustion were used in 19 articles. 11 researches used anti-heating plate for the material beneath moxibustion, one article used steel ring, agar with anti-heating plate, six articles used skin and another six articles used heater. Two articles used animals and another two articles used metals. The mean value of the amount of information was 4.41±2.94(SD). Conclusions : Research articles assessing properties of moxibustion have been consistently published since 1993, and employed various methodologies. The amount of information has been associated with four section analysis and is currently decreasing. Research assessing properties of moxibustion with clinical effectiveness is needed.

한방의료이용 선택 요인에 관한 연구 - 2017 한방의료이용실태조사를 중심으로

임진웅(Jinwoong Lim),이기재(Kee-Jae Lee) 대한한의학회 2021 대한한의학회지 Vol.42 No.1

침치료가 부교감신경계에 미치는 영향에 대한 문헌 고찰

이동화,임진웅,남상수,김용석,이상훈 대한침구의학회 2011 대한침구의학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Objectives : This review is to summarize and assess the effects of acupuncture on parasympathetic nervous system(PNS). Methods and Materials : We searched two electronic databases (CNKI, PubMed) for the articles published until Oct. 2010. The randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled clinical trials (UCTs) were considered to be reviewed. We selected four RCTs, seven UCTs and one article which conducted both RCT and UCT, and reviewed them. The quality of RCTs was also assessed with Cochrane criteria. Results : There were four RCTs which reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, and one RCT reported acupuncture reduced PNS. Four UCTs reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, three UCTs reported acupuncture reduced PNS and one UCT reported there was no remarkable change of PNS after acupuncture. Conclusions : Although the majority of reviewed articles showed acupuncture enhance PNS, it is hard to conclude clearly how acupuncture affects PNS due to insufficient quality of trials. Therefore, more trials with strict condition need to be conducted to obviously identify the effects of acupuncture on PNS.

침치료가 부교감신경계에 미치는 영향에 대한 문헌 고찰

이동화,임진웅,남상수,김용석,이상훈,Lee, Dong-Hua,Lim, Jin-Woong,Nam, Sang-Su,Kim, Yong-Suk,Lee, Sang-Hoon 대한침구의학회 2011 대한침구의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives : This review is to summarize and assess the effects of acupuncture on parasympathetic nervous system(PNS). Methods and Materials : We searched two electronic databases (CNKI, PubMed) for the articles published until Oct. 2010. The randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled clinical trials (UCTs) were considered to be reviewed. We selected four RCTs, seven UCTs and one article which conducted both RCT and UCT, and reviewed them. The quality of RCTs was also assessed with Cochrane criteria. Results : There were four RCTs which reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, and one RCT reported acupuncture reduced PNS. Four UCTs reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, three UCTs reported acupuncture reduced PNS and one UCT reported there was no remarkable change of PNS after acupuncture. Conclusions : Although the majority of reviewed articles showed acupuncture enhance PNS, it is hard to conclude clearly how acupuncture affects PNS due to insufficient quality of trials. Therefore, more trials with strict condition need to be conducted to obviously identify the effects of acupuncture on PNS.

디지털 홀로그램 현미경을 이용한 위상차 포토마스크 결함 측정

조형준,임진웅,김두철,유영훈,신상훈,Cho, Hyung-Jun,Lim, Jin-Woong,Kim, Doo-Cheol,Yu, Young-Hun,Shin, Sang-Hoon 한국광학회 2007 한국광학회지 Vol.18 No.5

디지털 홀로그래피 현미경을 이용하여 반도체 공정에 사용되는 위상차 포토마스크의 결함을 측정하였다. 이러한 위상차 포토마스크는 위상차를 이용하여 반도체 문양을 만들기 때문에 일반 현미경으로는 패턴을 알 수 없을 뿐 아니라 위상마스크의 결함은 더욱더 찾기 어렵다. 디지털 홀로그래피 현미경을 이용하면 한 장의 홀로그램을 이용하여 위상차 포토마스크의 3차원 구조와 결함을 동시에 측정할 수 있다. We report here on the application of a digital holographic microscope as a metrology tool for the inspection and the micro-topography reconstruction of different micro-structures of phase shift photo-mask (PSM). The lithography by phase shift photo-mask uses the interference and the pattern of the PSM is not imaged by general optical microscope. The technique allows us to obtain digitally a high-fidelity surface topography description of the phase shift photo-mask with only one hologram image acquisition, allowing us to have relatively simple and compact set-ups able to give quantitative information of PSM.

교정용 미니스크류 식립을 위한 입천장뼈 두께의 골격 분석

유선경,조용화,임진웅,김흥중 대한체질인류학회 2019 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.32 No.3

Orthodontic miniscrews have been widely used in various areas, because they are stable, easy to use, and inexpensive. Therefore, the aims of this study are to measure the palatal bone thickness, to analysis the correlation between the size of the alveolar arch and palatal bone thickness, and to discuss the skeletal structure of the hard palate for miniscrew placement. Twenty-four dry skulls in Koreans were used. The three different horizontal reference lines were established at first premolar and second premolar, between second premolar and first molar, and first molar. And then, a total of 12 points were set up in relation to each horizontal reference line by drawing a vertical reference line perpendicular to central incisor, between central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor, between lateral incisor and canine. At each point, the palatal bone thickness, the width and length of the alveolar arch, and the width and length of the incisive foramen were measured directly with the bone caliper and the digital caliper. The correlation between the width and the length of alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness was analyzed. The mean of palatal bone thickness based on the horizontal reference line was 11.4±3.2 mm in between first premolar and second premolar, 7.4±2.4 mm in between second premolar and first molar, and 5.2±1.5 mm in first molar, decreased posteriorly with statistically significant difference. The position between first premolar and second premolar showed a constant thickness, and thickened laterally from the median palatal suture due to the alveolar process, but no statistically significant difference. At the position between second premolar and first molar and the position in first molar, it were also constant, then became significantly thicker toward point between lateral incisor and canine due to the alveolar process and the palatal spine. The width of the alveolar arch was correlated with the length of the alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness of between first premolar and second premolar, but not with the length of the alveolar arch and the palatal bone thickness. These results can provide useful anatomical data on palatal bone thickness including skeletal structures of hard palate for orthodontic miniscrew placement. 교정치료에서 뼈대 고정원으로 미니스크류는 시술이 간편하고 비용이 저렴하여 여러 부위에 다양하게 적용되 는데, 그 중 입천장이 충분한 뼈 두께, 얇은 각화 연조직 및 환자의 선호로 인하여 가장 널리 이용된다. 따라서 본 연구에 서는 교정용 미니스크류 식립을 위해 추천되는 부위의 입천장 뼈 두께를 계측하고 이틀활의 크기와의 상관관계를 분석 하여, 입천장가시와 입천장융기와 같이 입체적으로 나타나는 정상 구조물을 평가하여 고찰하고자 한다. 한국인 마른 머 리뼈 24개를 사용하였다. 치아 위치에 따른 입천장 뼈의 두께를 계측하기 위하여 첫째작은어금니와 둘째작은어금니 사 이, 둘째작은어금니와 첫째큰어금니 사이, 첫째어금니에서 3개 수평기준선을 설정하고, 이어 수직기준선으로 안쪽앞니, 안쪽앞니와 가쪽앞니 사이, 가쪽앞니, 가쪽앞니와 송곳니 사이의 수직으로 연장선을 그어 각 수평기준선과 만나는 총 12 개의 지점을 정하였다. 각각의 지점에서 입천장 뼈의 두께와 이틀활의 너비와 길이 및 앞니구멍의 너비와 길이를 Bone caliper와 Digital caliper를 이용하여 직접 계측하였다. 이틀활의 너비, 길이 및 입천장 뼈 두께와의 상관관계를 분석하였 다. 입천장 뼈의 평균 두께는 첫째작은어금니와 둘째작은어금니 사이부터 순서대로 11.4±3.2, 7.4±2.4, 5.2±1.5 mm로 뒤쪽으로 갈수록 두께가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 첫째작은어금니와 둘째작은어금니 사이는 정중입천장봉합에서 가쪽으 로 일정한 두께를 보이다가 가쪽앞니와 송곳니 사이 지점에서 이틀돌기로 인하여 두께가 두꺼워졌으나 통계적으로 유의 한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 둘째작은어금니와 첫째큰어금니 사이와 첫째큰어금니 위치에서는 가쪽으로 일정한 두께를 보이다가, 가쪽앞니와 송곳니 사이 지점에서 두께가 각각 이틀돌기와 입천장가시로 인하여 유의적으로 두꺼워졌다. 이 틀활의 너비는 이틀활의 길이 및 첫째작은어금니와 둘째작은어금니 사이의 입천장 뼈 두께와는 상관이 있는 것으로 나 타났으나, 이틀활의 길이와 뼈 두께와는 상관이 없었다. 이러한 결과는 교정용 미니스크류 식립 시 입천장 뼈 두께를 포 함하여 단단입천장의 골격 구조물에 대한 유용한 해부학적 자료를 제공할 수 있다.