한국 대기업의 노사갈등 외부화 기제에 관한 연구

임상훈,이상민 한국인사·조직학회 2014 인사조직연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 대내외적으로 노사갈등 수준이 매우 높다고 평가받고 있는 한국 대기업이 세계 시장에서 시장점유율을 높이고 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 어떠한 노사관계 메커니즘을 작동시키고 있는지 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사례연구를 중심으로 한 질적 연구방법론을 채택하였다. 연구 결과로, 한국 대기업은 내부의 임금 및 고용과 관련한 노사갈등을 외부화하는 노사관계 전략을 채택하였고 이러한 노사갈등을 외부화하는 메커니즘을 형성할 수 있었기에 세계 시장에서 높은 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있었다는 점을 밝혔다. 한국 대기업은 노사갈등을 외부화하는 메커니즘을 국가수준, 산업수준, 그리고 기업수준에서 구축하였다. 우선 국가 수준에서 사회적 대화 체제를 활용하여 노동유연성 관련 노사갈등을 외부화 하였다. 그리고 산업수준에서 우월적 지위에 있는 원하청 관계를 활용하여 가격 절감과 품질 제고 비용을 하청기업에 전가하였고, 기업수준에서 정규직과 비정규직 간에 이중노동시장을 형성하고 정규직의 고용과 임금 안정에 소요되는 비용을 비정규직에 전가하도록 하는 노사관계 메커니즘을 형성하였던 것이다. 이러한 노사관계 기제 형성을 통해 한국 대기업은 2010년 중반까지 세계 시장에서 경쟁력을 확보하는 데에 성공한 것으로 평가되지만 그 지속가능성은 불투명한 것으로 보인다. 이는 높은 수준의 노동시장 유연성을 보완하기에 한국의 사회안전망은 매우 열악하다는 점, 중소기업의 막대한 희생을 요구하는 원하청 관계에 대한 사회적 비판이 높은 반면 이러한 관계에서 중소기업의 품질경쟁력 지원이 어렵다는 점, 그리고 정규직과 비정규직간 차별과 갈등이 높아지면서 생산현장의 혁신활동에 애로가 커진다는 점 등이 작용하기 때문이다. Korean industrial relations academia has not conducted a full-scale study on the subject of industrial relations competencies. Yet the Swiss International Institute for Management Development has reported that Korea's industrial relations competitiveness ranks 56th among the 60 countries surveyed in 2013. This survey result was analyzed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, and the ministry's analysis was released by major newspapers and broadcasting companies. This study investigates how a number of Korean large enterprises acquired their leading positions in world markets, and how they have sustained their competitiveness in spite of Korea's extremely high level of labor-management conflicts. The large number of labor conflicts in Korea is rarely regarded as a key factor in these large enterprises’ rise, yet it is difficult to believe that the companies have enjoyed technological and quality advantages enough to overcome their severe industrial conflicts. Therefore, this research focuses on the mechanism in which Korean large enterprises have dealt with conflicts and have succeeded in attaining their competitiveness in the global market. To find this mechanism in Korean large companies, this research examines several theoretical arguments about the relationship between labor management conflicts and industrial competitiveness. First, neo-corporatist theorists debated with neo-classical economists about the relationship between industrial relations system and national competitiveness. Neo-classical economists claim that European neo-corporatist countries lost competitiveness because their centralized industrial relations system caused labor market inflexibility. However, neo-corporatist theorists contend that many European countries were equipped with the same level of flexibility as the U.S. and the U.K. having decentralized industrial relations systems. According to neo-corporatist theorists, certain European countries were able to accommodate the high level of flexibility as their government, employers, and unions concluded social pacts. The social pacts enabled organizations to externalize industrial conflicts, which was in turn usually accompanied by an increase in labor market flexibility. Using the rationale of this neo-corporatist theory, this paper hypothesizes that Korean large enterprises constructed a nationallevel mechanism to externalize the large number of labor conflicts. Secondly, production system theorists provide a reasonable argument on a mechanism in which Korean large enterprises were able to build their competitiveness in spite of a large number of industrial conflicts. This paper reviewed theories on post-Fordism production systems such as lean production systems, qualified diversity production systems, and flexible specialization. Despite their diverse explanations on sources of competitiveness, these theorists share the view that interenterprise relationships, especially those between assemblers and parts-suppliers, affect a company's competitiveness. When assembler and parts-suppliers are able to control their conflicts during their collaborative efforts on innovations, they improve their competitiveness in the market. Based on this common view, this paper examines how Korean large enterprise constructed an inter-enterprises relationship to externalize their large number of labor conflicts. Thirdly, theorists studying flexible enterprises and innovators posit an argument that companies attain their competitiveness in spite of industrial conflicts. These theorists suggest that companies raise their flexibility and competitiveness by dividing their workers into different groups such as core workers and peripheral workers, thereby passing on the cost for core workers' employment and wage stability onto peripheral workers. Based on this argument, this paper explores how Korean large enterprises handled internal labor markets to improve their competitiveness despite their high number of labor conflicts. This study uses qualitative analysis of two Korean companies to evaluate these hypotheses regarding mechanisms for externalizing the impact of labor-management conflicts. We examined Hyundai Motors and Samsung Electronics by reviewing company publications and research articles, and conducting unstructured depth interviews. Our research confirmed our hypotheses that Korean large enterprises succeeded in retaining their competitiveness by building a mechanism to externalize the impact of their large number of industrial conflicts and continue their innovation. Before the Asian Financial crisis in the late 1990s, Korean enterprises had tried to increase their share in the world market by maintaining price competitiveness. However, this effort failed, and Korean companies were forced to find alternatives to boost wage stability, labor flexibility, and workplace innovation in order to ensure quality competitiveness and price competitiveness at the same time. The new strategy intensified industrial conflicts further, and Korean large enterprises needed to externalize their industrial conflicts. The mechanism to externalize labor-management conflict was formed at the national, industrial, and company levels. At the national level, large enterprises utilized social concertation and social pacts to externalize conflicts during the process of increasing labor market flexibility. At the industrial level, Korean large companies passed their burden to subcontracting companies during the process of cost reduction and quality enhancement by taking advantage of their dominant positions over subcontractors. At the company level, Korean large companies entrenched employment stability and passed the cost of labor conflicts on to non-regular workers newly employed by subcontractors.

미래교육을 대비한 정보관련 정책들에 대한 초등교사의 인식

임상훈,조미헌 한국정보교육학회 2016 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

미래를 주도할 우수한 인재를 양성하고, 이를 지원하기 위한 시스템을 도입하기 위해 정부는 다양한 교육정책을 실시해왔다. 교육정책의 원활한 적용을 위해서는 교육 주체인 교사의 인식을 알아보는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 충청북도에 근무하는 초등교사들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 미래교육 대비 정보 관련 주요 정책인 STEAM교육, 스마트교육, 소프트웨어교육, e-교과서, 교육정보통계시스템에 대한 초등교사들의 인식 실태를 조사하고, 주요 교육정책 간 교사의 인식 분포는 어떠한지를 비교분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교육정책에 대한 이해와 필요성에 대해서는 많은 교사들이 긍정적인 평가를 하였으나, 교사들의 연수 경험이나 희망 수준, 그리고 지도 준비 수준은 높지가 않았다. 또한 각 교육정책 간 교사들의 인식 분포는 서로 유사하게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과를 참고하여 정부의 교육 혁신 정책이 학교 현장에서 효과적으로 반영되기 위한 적절한 지원 및 교육 방안이 수립되어야 하겠다. A variety of educational policies have been implemented to educate outstanding individuals who will lead the future and to adopt supporting systems. For the successful implementation of educational policies, it is crucial to identify the perception of teachers as main agents of education. This study conducted a survey with elementary teachers in Chungcheongbuk-do. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' perception on the major policies related to ICT(i.e., STEAM, Smart Education, Software Education, e-textbook, and EdudataSystem). This study also compared the distribution of teachers' perception on the policies. The results of the study indicated that teachers had relatively positive perception on the importance and the necessity of the policies. On the other hand, it was found that the levels of teachers' training experiences and readiness for teaching related to ICT were relatively low. In addition, the patterns of teachers' perception on STEAM, Smart Education and Software Education were similar. Based on the results, the study suggested that appropriate support and educational strategies for effective implementation of policies should be established.

토끼에서 방광경부 부분폐쇄가 방광근의 Collagen 양과 수축력에 미치는 영향

임상훈,박용현 가톨릭대학 (가톨릭신학대학) 대학원 1996 가톨릭大學醫學部 論文集 Vol.49 No.2

국내 조사료 생산과 수급현황

임상훈 한국낙농육우협회 1997 낙농·육우 Vol.17 No.9

생태마을기초설비에 관한 연구

임상훈 대한환경공학회 2005 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2005 No.12

생태 건축적용 자연에너지 기술에 관한 연구

임상훈 대한환경공학회 2004 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2004 No.12

차세대 무선 네트워크를 위한 물리계층 보안 기술

임상훈,윤상석,박정욱,하정석 대한전자공학회 2015 전자공학회지 Vol.42 No.10

국내 장애인스포츠 발전과 휠체어 럭비 도입에 공헌한 윤세완의 구술생애사

임상훈,조가람 한국체육학회 2023 한국체육학회지 Vol.62 No.4

This study aims to reexamine the life of Yun Se-wan, who has contributed to the introduction and development of wheelchair rugby in South Korea, in order to shed light on how wheelchair rugby, considered a representative sport for individuals with severe disabilities, has been introduced and evolved domestically. The research applied the oral history research method, conducting interviews with Yun Se-wan, and collected and analyzed materials such as articles, photographs, and documents. As a result, Yun Se-wan's life, which had influenced the introduction and development of wheelchair rugby in South Korea, could be summarized in four main aspects. Firstly, through Yun Se-wan's growth process, the background of his entry into disability sports could be understood. Secondly, Yun Se-wan experienced the frustration and limitations of disability sports through his employment and resignation from the Paralympic Committee. Thirdly, his experience as a disability sports coach at Samyook Rehabilitation Hospital became a catalyst for forming beliefs in the value and dedication of disability sports. Lastly, through his experience in the introduction and growth of wheelchair rugby, the challenges and potential of wheelchair rugby as a disability sports discipline could be explored, emphasizing the need for the establishment of professional teams, which could ultimately contribute to improving the quality of life for individuals with severe disabilities. Yun Se-wan's life revealed through this study can serve as avaluable historical foundation for the introduction and development of wheelchair rugby in South Korea.

척수장애 운동선수의 휠체어 럭비팀 입문 및 적응과정 탐색

임상훈,이용호,조가람 한국특수체육학회 2019 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand the process of initiationI and adaptation in wheelchair rugby teams of people with spinal cord injury through narrative inquiry in qualitative research methods. The researcher conducted participation observation as a the wheelchair rugby team. Three athletes who have participated in wheelchair rugby more than 2 years were selected for the study. Data were obtained from in depth interview, artifacts, and field observations. Data analysis was used content analysis. Results are as follow. Frist, before having disability, they found ‘I like exercise' through their recollection of exercise experiences. After having disability, the initiation of the sports was made through the 'invitation and experience' of the acquaintances in the rehabilitation center, and the participant participated in the exercise by having 'excitement' and 'expectation' at the beginning of the team. In the adaptation process, the goal and will for life as an athlete have been created through 'experience advice' from teammates. For them, 'the aspiration and realization of the national athlete' was found to be an important factor for them to live a third life as an athlete. In addition, research participants feel the 'structural limitations' of wheelchair rugby players, adapt them, and ’discover of new ego’ as a member of the wheelchair rugby team. In conclusion. they set another goal to prepare for the third life, and they are constantly challenging and tying to realize it. 본 연구의 목적은 질적연구 방법 중 내러티브 탐구를 통해 중도 척수장애인의 휠체어 럭비팀 입문 및 적응 과정을 탐색하고 그 과정 속에서 나타나는 공통된 특징에 대해 심층적으로 알아보기 위함이다. 이를 위해 연구자는 휠체어 럭비팀 구성원으로서 참여 관찰을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 연구참여자는 선수경력이 2년 이상인자로서 총 3명의 휠체어 럭비팀 구성원으로 선정하였고 1-2회의 면담을 실시하였다. 연구참여자들의 장애 이전에서의 삶과 장애를 입은 후 장애인 스포츠에 대해 알아가고 그 중 휠체어 럭비팀으로 입문하는 과정부터 운동선수로서의 삶으로 적응해나가는 과정을 내러티브 탐구 방법과 현장노트를 중심으로 하여 그 의미를 탐색하였으며 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 이들은 비장애인의 삶에서의 운동 경험에 대한 회상을 통해 ‘운동을 좋아하는 나’를 발견하였다. 장애를 입은 후 스포츠와의 만남은 재활센터에서 지인들의 ‘권유와 체험’을 통해서 이루어졌고, 팀 입문 초에 ‘설레임’과 ‘기대감’을 가지게 되며 운동에 참여하였다. 이후 운동선수로서의 삶에 대한 적응과정에서는 팀 동료들로부터의 ‘경험을 통한 조언’을 통해 운동선수로서의 삶에 대한 목표와 의지를 가졌다. 이들에게 ‘국가대표에 대한 열망과 실현’은 운동선수로서의 제 3의 삶을 살아가기 위해 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 연구참여자들은 휠체어럭비 선수로 살아가는데 나타나는 ‘구조적 한계’를 느끼고, 이를 적응해나가며 휠체어 럭비팀의 한 구성원으로서 ‘새로운 나의 발견’하게 했다. 그리하여 이들은 제 3의 인생을 준비하기 위한 또 다른 목표를 설정하고, 이를 실현하기 위한 끊임없는 ‘도전’과 ‘노력’을 하고 있다.

돌발홍수 관리를 위한 소형 기상레이더 활용

임상훈,이동률,황석환,Im, Sang-Hun,Lee, Dong-Ryul,Hwang, Seok-Hwan 한국수자원학회 2012 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.45 No.8