‘가짜 뉴스’와 팩트체크 문제에서 정보윤리 책무성 강화의 필요성과 방안

임상수 ( Lim¸ Sangsoo ) 한국윤리학회(구 한국국민윤리학회) 2020 倫理硏究 Vol.131 No.1

이른바 ‘가짜 뉴스’가 소셜 미디어를 통해 무분별하게 유통되면서, 집단 극단화와 혐오를 부추기고, 미디어 생태계의 신뢰를 붕괴시킬 정도로 심각한 폐해를 낳고 있다. ‘가짜 뉴스’를 검증하는 팩트체크 방안을 법률적 규제와 기술적 자동화 처리로 나누어 살펴보았다. 표현의 자유와의 충돌 우려가 있고, 자동화된 팩트체크에도 궁극적으로 인간의 판단이 필요하다는 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. ‘가짜 뉴스’의 생산과 유통자체를 줄이기 위해서는 관련 주체들의 투명성 확보 노력과 책무성 강화가 필요함을 주장하였다. 책무성 강화를 위해 바이라인을 상세화하고 의무화하는 방안과 팩트체크 결과 공개를 상시화하는 방안을 제안하였다. 정보윤리 교육과 미디어정보 리터러시 교육을 통해 관련된 여러 주체들의 책무성 강화한다면, ‘가짜 뉴스’에 대한 근본적 대응책이 될 것이다. As so-called “fake news” is distributed indiscriminately through social media, it is causing serious harm to the extent that it promotes group extremism and hatred, and destroys trust of the media ecosystem. Fact-checking measures to verify 'fake news' were divided into legal regulations and technical automation processing. It has been confirmed that there is a risk of conflict with freedom of expression, and that automated fact-checking has limitations that ultimately require human judgment. It argued that in order to reduce the production and distribution of "fake news" itself, relevant multi-stakeholders need to make efforts to ensure transparency and strengthen accountability. In order to strengthen accountability, I proposed detailed and mandatory byline and regular disclosure of fact-checking results. Strengthening the accountabilities of the various parties involved through information ethics education and media information literacy education will be a fundamental countermeasure to "fake news."

남북한 어문규범 통합의 지향점과 학교 통일교육 : 맞춤법과 띄어쓰기를 중심으로

임상수 ( Lim¸ Sangsoo ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.6

남북한 언어의 이질화는 북한이탈주민의 남한 사회로의 적응을 어렵게 할 뿐만 아니라 통일 이후의 사회 통합에도 중대한 장애 요인이 된다. 이에 관한 교육을 학교에서 통일교육의 중요한 주제로 도입하여 남북한 언어통합에 관한 이슈들을 다루는 것이 필요하다. 북한이탈주민이 겪고 있는 언어 적응의 장애 요인으로는 어휘의 차이, 음운의 차이, 화용의 차이 등이 주로 연구되어 왔다. 이들 문제는 학술적 쟁점이 쉽게 해소되기 어렵고, 장기간에 걸친 노력이 필요한 난제이다. 이에 비해 어문규범의 통합은 상대적으로 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 사회 규칙의 분야이면서, 동시에 북한이탈주민들에게는 사회적 낙인찍힘과 심리적 타자화의 계기로 예민하게 느껴지는 문제이다. 어문규범 중 띄어쓰기와 사이시옷 표기법의 사례를 소재로 삼아, 통일교육에서의 언어 통합 접근이 상호보완적 통합과 고유어 강조하기를 원칙으로 삼되, 국어 정보화 기계처리에 장애가 되지 않도록 유의할 것을 제안하였다. 이런 접근은 다문화 시대의 통일교육이 사회 통합과 관련자들 모두의 자긍심 고취를 지향하고 있는 추세와도 조화를 이루기 쉽다. 쉽사리 교육내용의 변화를 꾀하기 어려운 국어과나 한국어교육에만 국한하지 않고 통일교육의 범주 하에서 범교과 학습으로 접근할 때 더 큰 성과를 기대할 수 있는 사례가 될 것이다. The differences of the language between the two Koreas not only makes it difficult for North Korean refugees to adapt to South Korean society, but also poses a major obstacle to social integration after reunification. It is necessary to introduce educational contents on this problem as an important theme in unification education in schools to deal with the issues of inter-Korean language integration. Differences in vocabulary, phonetics, and speech expressions have been mainly studied as obstacles to language adaptation experienced by North Korean refugees. These problems are difficult to resolve academic issues easily and are still hard tasks requiring long-term efforts. On the other hand, the integration of language norms is a relatively easy-to-access area of social rules, and at the same time, it is a very sensitive issue for North Korean refugees because it causes social stigma and psychological alienation. Using the case of spacing and notation of Saishiot(ㅅ) as the subject matter, the approach to language integration in unification education was reviewed. It was suggested to take care not to become an obstacle to the machine processing of Korean language information while taking complementary integration and emphasizing traditional old native vocabularies as a principle. This approach is easy to harmonize with the trend of unification education in the era of multi-culturalism aiming at promotion of social integration and inspiring self-esteem of all concerned. It will be a case where greater results can be expected when approaching cross-curricular learning under the title of unification education. It is better not to be limited to Korean language education or Korean language education as a foreign language, where it is difficult to easily change the contents of education.

도자산업의 경제적 파급효과에 관한 연구

임상수(Sangsoo Lim),이종하(Jong Ha Lee),윤상용(SangYong Yun),주원(Won Joo) 한국산업경제학회 2017 산업경제연구 Vol.30 No.2

도자산업은 전통문화산업과 제조업의 성격을 동시에 지니고 있는 지역특화 고부가가치형 기술집약형 산업으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 국내 도자산업의 성장세는 지속적으로 정체 내지 감소하고 있는 반면, 수요는 해외 수입제품을 중심으로 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 상황 하에서 본 연구는 국내 도자산업의 정책적 성장 지원의 필요성을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 국내 도자산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 국가경제 단위에서 도자산업의 생산유발계수는 제조업 전 산업군에서 대체로 높지 않은 수준이었음에도 불구하고, 부가가치유발계수와 취업유발계수는 대부분의 업종에서 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 국내 도자산업의 고부가가치 창출 가능성과 고용 확대에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 지역경제 파급효과의 분석결과로부터, 영남권에는 타일과 벽돌을, 경기도에는 생활도자기와 위생도기를 중심으로 한 도자산업 특화전략을 고려해 볼 필요성을 제안한다. The ceramics industry is known as a high-value-added, technology-intensive industry that has the characteristics of traditional culture industry and manufacturing together. However, the growth of the domestic ceramics industry is steadily declining, while demand is rapidly increasing, especially for overseas imported products. The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of supporting the growth of the domestic ceramic industry. From the results, although the production inducement coefficient of the ceramic industry in the national economic unit was not generally high in the whole industry, the value added inducement coefficient and the employment inducement coefficient were relatively high in most industries. It means that it can be of considerable value to high added value and job creation. Also, the analysis of the effects of the local economy suggests the necessity to specialize in tile and brick in Yeongnam region, and in living ceramics and sanitary ware in Gyunggi Province.

고정익항공기와 회전익항공기의 성능측면의 감항인증 기술적 차이점 연구

임상수(Sangsoo Lim) 항공우주시스템공학회 2023 항공우주시스템공학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2023 No.10

과밀억제권역 지방세 중과세제도의 문제점 및 개선과제

임상수 ( Lim Sangsoo ),윤성일 ( Yoon Sungil ) 단국대학교 융합사회연구소 2024 공공정책과 국정관리 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구는 과밀억제권역에 대한 지방세중과제도의 문제점을 분석하고 이에 대한 개선 과제를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 결과, 과밀억제권역의 경우에는 지방세 중과제도로 인해 자본의 사용자 비용이 증가하고 이로 인해 투자가 위축하는 부작용이 발생하였다. 또한 과밀억제권역과 비과밀억제권역 간의 역차별 문제가 발생하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 과밀억제 권역에 해당되는 수원시와 비과밀억제권역에 해당되는 인접한 용인시와 화성시를 비교한 결과, 상대적으로 용인시와 화성시가 빠르게 성장하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수원시가 기업 유치를 위해 중과 제도의 문제를 최소화하기 위해 조례 감면을 활용하더라도 보통교부세의 패널티 조항으로 인해 재산세 감면에 따른 편익보다 비용이 더 크게 나타나 지역경제에 미치는 효과가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. This study aims to analyze the problems of the local tax system for overpopulation control areas and to present improvement tasks. The results of the analysis show that in the case of overpopulation control areas, the heavy taxation of local taxes increases the user cost of capital, which has the side effect of discouraging investment. In addition, there is a problem of reverse discrimination between overpopulaton control and non-overpopulation control areas. In fact, a comparison of Suwon City, which falls under the overpopulation control area, and neighboring Yongin City and Hwaseong City, which fall under the non-overpopulaton control area, shows that Yongin City and Hwaseong City are growing faster than Suwon City. In addition, even if Suwon City uses ordinance cuts to minimize problems with the heavy system to attract companies, the penalty provisions of the non-conditional grant show that the cost is greater than the benefits of property tax cuts, which has a lower effect on the local economy.

정보윤리 수업에서 ‘가짜 뉴스’와 허위정보, 조작정보, 허위조작정보 개념의 구분

임상수 ( Lim Sangsoo ) 한국초등도덕교육학회 2020 초등도덕교육 Vol.0 No.70

이른바 ‘가짜 뉴스’가 사회에 미치는 해악이 크고, 이에 대한 교육이 필요하다는 목소리가 높아지고 있다. ‘가짜 뉴스’라는 명칭은 문제의 본질을 정확하게 반영하고 있지 못하고, 미디어 생태계 전반의 신뢰성을 저해하는 오해를 야기할 수도 있다. 학교의 정보윤리 수업에서는 ‘가짜 뉴스’라는 개념을 사용하지 말고 우리 정부의 공식 용어인 허위조작정보 개념을 사용하는 것이 타당하다. 아울러 허위정보와 조작정보를 개념적으로 구분하여 실제 사례와 함께 가르칠 필요가 있다. 특히 “허위성, 형식성, 의도성”의 허위조작정보 판정 기준 중에서 ‘악의적 의도성’이 가장 중요한 기준이 되어야 함을 논자는 강조하였다. Since the so-called “fake news” has serious harm to society, voices are increasing that education is needed to deal with this issue. The name “fake news” does not accurately cover the nature of the problem and may cause misunderstandings that undermine the credibility of the media ecosystem as a whole. Instead of using this expression in the school's information ethics class, it is reasonable to use the concept of ‘disinformation’, the official term of the Korean government. It also argued that ‘misinformation’ and ‘manipulation’ should be conceptually distinguished, and that it is necessary to teach concepts and actual cases together. Among the criteria for determining disinformation of "falsity, formality and intention," it was emphasized that "malicious intention" should be the most important criterion.

목적세로서의 지역자원시설세 기능 강화 방안 연구

임상수 ( Lim Sangsoo ),윤성일 ( Yoon Sungil ) 한국지방행정연구원 2021 地方行政硏究 Vol.35 No.2

This study aims to analyze whether the Local Resource and Facility Tax is disbursed for the purpose tax of its original expenditure goals. To this end, this study investigated the regulations related to the Local Resource and Facility Tax, looked at the problems of Local Resource and Facility Tax and suggested improvement measures solve these problems. According to the Local Tax Law, the Local Resource and Facility Tax consists of three parts: specific resources, specific facilities, fire facilities as one of the resources for the fire department special account. Among them, the part of the fire facilities is used as a financial resource for the special fire department account. And this means it is disbursed in accordance with the purpose tax. But the other two parts are not. Clause 9 (2) in the Local Tax Law requires the establishment of special accounts to utilize the earmarked tax of local governments. According to the local governments’ ordinances, only Seoul, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, and Daejeon do not follow suit. Besides, even if an ordinance was enacted to use the Local Resource and Facility Tax for specific resources and facilities as the special account’s financial resources, some cities and provinces found that the user did not meet the Local Resource and Facility Tax. In this study, the revision of the Local Finance Act and the establishment of a new regional resource facility tax for specific resources and specific facilities (tentative name) were proposed to improve them.

국가 간 산업연관표를 활용한 서비스산업의 상호 연관구조

임상수 ( Sangsoo Lim ),이종하 ( Jong Ha Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2018 질서경제저널 Vol.21 No.2

This paper is trying to analyze the international economic effects of service industry using inter-country input-output table. In contrast to the Input-output table, which includes the relationship between the inputs and outputs by industry in a country, the inter-country input-output table contains the relationship between inputs and outputs by industry for 64 countries. So the inter-country input-output table make the analysis of the international economic effects by industry possible. The analysis results are summarized as followings. Firstly, while the proportion of China’s input in the world service industry is increasing, the proportions of the United States and Japan are decreasing and that of Korea is flat. Secondly, The input of services for service production is slightly larger than that of the manufacturing industry. Thirdly, In the case of inputs used for domestic service production, the portion of domestic input is falling while the portion of Chinese input is soaring. Fourth, the proportion of inputs for domestic service production was higher in the service industry than in the manufacturing industry, while the share of the input of Korea for domestic service production plummeted, while the share of the US, China, India and Germany increased. Fifth, the export of Korean service industry to overseas is increasing, and the proportion of exports to China is rapidly increasing. Sixth, the production inducement coefficient of the service industry in Korea is increasing, specially the domestic production inducement coefficient is high enough to reach 5th place in 2011. Seventh, the effect of the production inducement effect of the service industry in Korea is largest in China, Japan and the United States. The backward linkage effect is the largest in Vietnam and the backward linkage effects of Cambodia, Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia are increasing. Eighth, the forward linkage effect of the service industry in Korea has increased while the backward linkage effect has decreased. In sum, the domestic production inducement effect of the service industry is increasing and exports to overseas are also increasing, so there is a need to enhance export competitiveness of the service industry. However, since the export of the service industry is concentrated in China, the United States and Japan, it is necessary to solve this problem. Therefore, diversification of exports to Southeast Asia and the Middle East such as Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, which have a strong backward linkage effect of the Korean service industry, is needed.

정부소비지출의 경제적 파급효과에 관한 연구

임상수 ( Sangsoo Lim ) 한국재정정책학회 2015 財政政策論集 Vol.17 No.4

This paper is trying to analyze the production inducement coefficients and the value-added inducement coefficients by the government expenditure and to suggest the policies to grow the economy by the government expenditure. Input-output database by BOK(Bank of Korea) and Input-output database by OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) are used to analyze the economic effects induced by government expenditure. The results of this study show that the production inducement coefficients and the value-added inducement coefficients by the government expenditure tends to be stagnant since 2010. And the production inducement coefficients by the government expenditure is higher than OECD comparable countries (Germany, Japan, Untied States and Italy) but the value-added inducement coefficients by the government expenditure is lower than those countries. Another result tells that the production inducement coefficients by the government expenditure is higher than by the private expenditure, the investment and the export but value-added inducement coefficients by the government expenditure is lower than by the private expenditure, the investment and the export. This means that the import inducement effect becomes bigger because the localization ratio of intermediate goods is lower. Lastly, the economic effects induced by government expenditure is higher than OECD comparable countries in the manufacturing industries but is lower in service industries.

예비타당성 분석 시 부가가치율 산정 기준에 관한 연구

임상수 ( Sangsoo Lim ) 한국재정정책학회 2016 財政政策論集 Vol.18 No.3

This paper is interested in estimating the benefit by R&D investment in the preliminary feasibility analysis. The value-added ratios which are used to estimate the benefit are divided into two methods. One is the method based on the data in input-output table provided by Bank of Korea. Another is the method which uses the data in financial statement analysis a handbook made by Bank of Korea. By the way, the gap between two value-added ratios is great. This means that the benefit by R&D investment depends on the value-added ration. And the value-added ratio’s standard deviation of each industry between 2010 and 2013 is large. So the new standard of the measurement of the value-added ratio should be made to solve these problems. Firstly, the value-added ratio is estimated to use the data in financial statement analysis a handbook instead of input-output table. Secondly, the formula of the value-added ratio is changed from the share of the value-added in the output of the industry to that of the value-added in the sales related to R&D investment. Finally, the average of the value-added ratios in recent 3 years is used to minimize the variance by year.