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이희종,윤인하 한양법학회 2018 漢陽法學 Vol.29 No.4
Social enterprises can contribute to the society by diverse means, such as creating jobs, providing social services and improving environment. Of course, social enterprises cannot solve all the problems that may occur in a modern capitalistic society. However, social enterprises can supplement the weaknesses of modern capitalism, which may arise in the public and social areas such as welfare and environment. They in particular have business models that can benefit the socially vulnerable. Therefore, development of social enterprises can provide great opportunities in order for our society to achieve further advancement. However, most of Korean social enterprises are still in the level of small business. That’s why social enterprises rely heavily on government’s financial supports. Although we do not deny the need for governmental supports for social enterprises, excessive reliance on them would not help to raise the self-sufficiency of Korean social enterprises. Also, current financial plans for social enterprises cannot make sufficient effects because they support for too short periods. Increasing the duration of supporting for labor costs of social enterprises will result in supporting in the most needed time periods. In addition, current financial aid plans concentrate on supporting for only labor costs to employ the socially vulnerable. This may be a constraint on the recruitment of the labor force required by the social enterprises. Considering the characteristics of the industries related with social enterprises, it is necessary to apply differentiation to the social enterprises. In the long run, supports for social enterprises should be done by the private sector rather than by the central or local governments. To this end, a social stock exchange is needed to facilitate the financing of social enterprises. It would be easier to use the KONEX market for SMEs. It should be noted, however, that it is necessary to make sure that investors are aware of the risks and that investors should be limited only to social investors excluding ordinary investors, since investing in social enterprises is totally different from investing in stocks of ordinary corporations. Finally, it is naturally necessary for the government to reduce supports for those social enterprises that can raise funds through social stock exchanges. On the other hand, social enterprises which are not corporations legally can not use social stock exchanges. Hence, it can raise the efficiency if the government concentrates more on these social enterprises, which are not legal corporations, in terms of financial aids.
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Effects of Long-Term Cryopreservation on Fat Grafts: An Experimental Study
이희종,김은기 대한미용성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.2
Background Although microfat grafting is now used to augment soft tissue, resorption of some amount of fat is inevitable. There are no consistent guidelines for the duration of fat storage. This study evaluated absolute fat mass and pathological changes according to storage duration. Methods Nude mice were injected with fresh fat or fat that had been stored for 3 weeks, 5 months, 9 months, 15 months, or 22 months. After 15 weeks, fat graft weight and pathology (viable cells, structural integrity, microvessel formation, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, and cellular infiltration) were assessed. Results After 15 weeks, the average weight of the remaining fat was 486 mg in the control group and 298, 160, 180, 106, 88, and 80 mg in the 3-week and 5-, 9-, 15-, 22-, and 36-month storage groups, respectively. The average weight of fat tissue significantly decreased to less than 20% in the 5-month group. Also, there was a significant decrease in structural integrity and an increase in cystic degeneration in the 5-month group. Tissue vascularization tended to decrease according to the duration of cryopreservation. Conclusions The mean weight of the fat grafts preserved in a general freezer was reduced by 61.3% compared with that of the fresh fat group, which was not statistically significant. The mean fat graft weight was, however, significantly reduced following storage in a general freezer for longer than 5 months. In addition, there were decreases in viable adipocytes and increases in fibrocystic degeneration and inflammatory changes when long-term preserved fat was grafted.
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이희종,김교상,Jae Chul Shim,Dong Guk Cha,정지선 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.7 No.3
Background: We studied the hemodynamic changes associated with steep Trendelenburg position and prolonged pneumoperitoneum during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in elderly patients with cardiac diseases. Methods: Hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline supine position, at 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during CO2 insufflation in post-Trendelenburg position, and after deflation in the supine position. Results: In comparison with normal subjects, the cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index of patients with cardiac diseases were significantly affected by the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum (P < 0.001). However, other variables of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure were not differed between the groups. Conclusions: We conclude that attention should be paid to maintain adequate hemodynamic status during prolonged pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, and which is unfeasible in patients with severe heart failure and unstable angina.
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Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
이희종,김교상,정지선,심재철,최은선 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.3
Background: Increased intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery causes cephalad displacement of the diaphragm, resulting in the formation of atelectasis, which can be overcome by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the level of optimal PEEP to maintain adequate arterial oxygenation and hemodynamics during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP). Methods: One hundred patients undergoing RLRP were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n = 20) (0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 cmH2O of PEEP). Hemodynamic variables and respiratory parameters were measured at baseline with the patient in the supine position; at 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during CO2 insufflation with the patient in the post-Trendelenburg position; and after deflation in the supine position with increasing PEEP. Results: The PaO2 levels and alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen tension (AaDO2) were improved in patients with PEEPs compared with patients in whom PEEP was not used. The application of PEEP (10 cmH2O) resulted in higher PaO2 levels compared to those with lower PEEP levels, but excessive peak airway pressure (PAP) was sometimes observed. The application of a PEEP of 7 cmH2O resulted in similar PaO2 levels without causing excessive PAP. There was a significant difference in central venous pressure between the groups, but there were no significant differences in heart rate, mean arterial pressure or minute ventilation between the groups. Conclusions: A PEEP of 7 cmH2O is associated with the greater improvement of PaO2 and AaDO2 without causing excessive PAP during RLRP.
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이희종,정미애,정지선,한민규,전종헌 대한중환자의학회 2011 Acute and Critical Care Vol.26 No.3
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication following the transfusion of blood products. TRALI is under-diagnosed and under-reported because of a lack of awareness. TRALI occurs within 6 hours of transfusion in the majority of cases and its presentation is similar to other forms of acute lung injury. We report on the case of a 34-year-old pregnant woman who suffered from TRALI after transfusion during Cesarean section.
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