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미국동부 델라웨어만의 고정밀도 해수면 역사와 고환경 복원
이희일,존 위밀러,YI, HI-IL,WEHMILLER, JOHN F. The Korean Society of Oceanography 1995 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
The closely spaced cores were analyzed to find detailed reconstruction of paleoenvironments and sealable changes along the Delaware Bay coast. Three areas, Kitts Hummock Beach mars, the St. Jones River marsh, and Bowers marsh near the St. Jones River's mouth, were chosen because these areas are compose of their own geomorphic characteristics and sea-level history. since significance of the stratigraphic correlations was to determine sedimentary fancies and paleoenvironments, multidisciplinary methods such as lithological description, grain-size analysis, organic/inorganic content, water content, mineral composition, botanical analysis, micropaleontological analysis, and /SUP 14/C datings were performed. Five major divisions of marsh environments were recognized in the stratigraphic sections: freshwater marsh, initialfreshwater marsh, slightly brackish marsh, brackish marsh, and salt marsh. Most of the lower part in the stratigraphic sections show freshwater marsh. On the top of this, either brackish marsh or tidal flat/tidal stream was recorded. The pro-Holocene sediments consist of sand, mud, and sandy mud, The pre-Holocene configuration played an important role for developing the Holocene Paleoenvironmental changes. The irregular configuration of the pre-Holocene sediments consist of sand, mud, and sandy mud. The pre-Holocene configuration played an important role for developing the Holocene Paleoenvironmental changes. The irregular configuration of the pre-Holocene surface within short distances permitted the concurrent development of variable environments such as freshwater marsh, brackish marsh or salt marsh at similar elevations. The freshwater marsh in this case was formed in the areas of isolation, so saline-water cannot encroach upon these areas. This complex development of paleoenvironments leads to a difficulty in stratigraphic correlation and interpretation of local relative sea-level changes. The deposition of subsurface sediments was affected by sediment supply, compaction, fluvial activity, biological competition, local tectonics and isostacy, climate and local relative sea-level changes. It was interpreted that the positions in the changes from freshwater environments to brackish environments or ice versa are the turning points of transgressions and regressions. Therefore, multiple transgressions and regressions were identified in the stratigraphic sections of the study area.
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필적의 개성과 신체계측 및 호르몬, 성격요인의 상관관계 연구
이희일,이영철 한국중독범죄학회 2016 한국중독범죄학회보 Vol.6 No.1
필적은 개성의 한 요소로서 간주되어 왔으나 그 정확한 관계에 대해 실증적인 분석 은 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구는 필적과 신체계측치, 호르몬, 성격5요인을 측정 한 후 이들 이들 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 있음을 보고한다. 본 연구를 위해 평균연 령 22.6+4.2세의 남성 56명을 대상으로 작은 네모 칸 내에 한글을 한자씩 입력을 하였 고, 동시에 타액을 채취하여 에스트라디올, 테스토스테론, 코티솔을 측정하였다. 그리 고 키, 몸무게, 상완, 하완, 악력을 측정하였으며, 성격5요인을 자기기입식으로 측정하 도록 하였다. 네모 칸 내에 입력한 글자들 중 “라, 마, 바” 세 가지 글자에서 획의 길 이와 각도, 그리고 네모 칸과의 거리 등을 측정한 후 이들을 요인 분석하여 8개의 요 인(L1~L8)을 추출하였다. 상관분석을 하였을 때, 연령은 L1, L2, L4와, 엄지는 L2와, 하완은 L3, L4와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 성격5요인 중 외향성은 L2, L3와 성실성 은 L7과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 성격 5요인은 신체계측치와도 유의한 관계를 보 였는데, 성실성은 몸무게, 악력평균, 엄지길이와도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 회귀분 석을 하였을 때, 외향성은 L2, L3, L4에 대해 각각 표준화계수 -0.346(p=0.033), 0.324(p=0.048), 0.426(p=0.006)을 보이고 있었다. 또한 호르몬 중 코티졸은 성격 5요인 중 성실성과 외향성에, 필적요인 중에서는 L4와 L7 등에 각각 유의한 상관관계를 보 였다. 본 연구에 의하면 필적은 인체계측치와 성격요인, 호르몬 등에 의해 복합적인 영향을 받고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 지금까지 보고된 바 없는 필적과 성격요인, 호르몬, 신체계측치와의 관계에 대한 실증적인 첫 번째 연구이다. Handwriting has been considered as an element of individuality, though there has not been any reported empirical analysis, which proved its exact relationship. The present study reports a significant correlation between handwriting, physical measurements, hormones and five personality factors. For this study, 56 males in the range of 22.6+4.2 years old entered one Korean letter within a small rectangle box, and their saliva was collected to measure the level of estradiol, testosterone and cortisol. Those male participants were measured of height, weight, upper arm, lower arm and grip strength; then they answered a survey about five factors of personality. Among the letters entered, the length and angle of stroke, and distance to the rectangular box for letters ‘La,’ ‘Ma,’ and ‘Ba’ were measured and analyzed to derive 8 factors (L1~L8). The result of correlation analysis showed that age was in significant correlation with L1, L2 and L4; thumb was in significant correlation with L2; and lower arm was in significant correlation with L3 and L4. Among five personality factors, extroversion was in significant correlation with L2 and L3 while conscientiousness was in significant correlation with L7. Five personality factors also showed significant relation with physical measurements: conscientiousness showed significant correlation with weight, average grip strength and length of thumb. From regression analysis, it was found that the standardized coefficient of extroversion in relation to L2, L3 and L4 was -0.346(p=0.033), 0.324(p=0.048) and 0.426(p=0.006), respectively. In addition, cortisol was found to have significant correlation with conscientiousness, extroversion and L4 and L7 of handwriting factors. The results of the present study confirmed that handwriting was under combine influences of physical measurements, personality factors and hormones. It is the first study, which investigated relationship between handwriting, personality factors, hormones and physical measurements.
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