「 とりたて 조사 」의 연구 : 「 まで 」 , 「 さえ 」를 중심으로

이희두 한국일본어교육학회 1990 日本語敎育 Vol.6 No.1

건축물의 용도 및 재료비에 따른 공사비에 대한 고찰

이희두,김진효,임남기 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.1

In this study, I analysis construction cost of 10 types in each building use to collect basic data for rough estimation, and compared and analysis construction cost ratio quantity analysis of prime material and construction cost for unit area. (1) This study shows that construction cost ratio for structural type alters remarkably when structural types and building uses change. (2) According to the analysis of skeleton quantity of building use and skeleton quantity of apartment, in case of wall construction, there is alteration of quantity of material when the types of partition wall change. (3) Most frequently used waterproofing materials are waterproofed mortar, lipuid waterproofing and seat waterproofing, which have low unit price and few defects. (4) Comparing to other item of construction there are so many kinds and prices of finishing materials. So, owners have to consider carefully when they choose finishing materials. From the result of this study, I researched estimated construction costs according to item of construction or materials. I think that if these research data are accumulated continuously, the rough estimation data for korean construction environments must be.

현대 일본경어에 관한 연구

이희두 대한언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.3 No.-

Lee, Hee-Doo(1995). A Study on the Modern Japanse Honorific. Linguistics vol. 3. We mainly investigated honorific behaviors, selection conditions of 「ぉ」,「こ」 structural characteristics which seem to be important in Japanese honorific. Main elements influencing on honorificbehaviors are based on the relations with superiors and inferiors, comprehension, familiarity and so on. We found out that in the selection conditions of 「ぉ」,「こ」 native Japanese family languages have 「ぉ」Chinese family languages have「こ」and we found this phenomenon is general but not prevailing. We can recognize that Chinese vocabulary related to female has gradually changed from「ぉ」to「こ」. We described the complexities of Japanese honorific as one characteristic. Complexity means that Japanese honorific system is complex and we have to select appropriate words in each speaking situation. In other words, this means that there is complexity not because each honorific form exists in each vocabulary, but because attachment form to normal word form is complex.

중세 한국어의 'ㅣ'첨가 현상에 대한 음운론적 고찰

이희두 한국언어문학회 2001 한국언어문학 Vol.47 No.-

600MPa급 고강도 원형강관의 길이방향 플레이트 접합부 거동에 관한 연구

이희두,이수헌,신경재 대한건축학회지회연합회 2010 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.1

공동주택 관리비 항목별 영향요인 분석에 관한 연구

이희두,손정환,김진호,임남기 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.2

In this research, I have analyzed apartment management expenses notice to discover what affect the items of management expenses, and what is affected by them. The results of this research are listed below. (1) management expenses per area by self management is less than that by management on commission when I focused cm management method. (2) The more the floors of apartment are, the less elevator maintenance cost is. (3) Percentage of personnel expenditure out of management expenses is very large, 32.14%. And The more the stories of apartment are, the less per unit area personnel expenditure is. (4) The older apartment is, the higher the sum of special repair of cost and repair maintenance cost propositional to used the year is. I aimed to supply with data which can help building repair by the analysis of influence factors on items of management expenses with regard to management method and special quality of apartments.

움라우트 불투명성의 통시적 고찰

이희두 대한언어학회 2006 언어학 Vol.14 No.3

PLS 를 이용한 연속 교반 MMAVA 공중합 공정 품질 변수 온라인 모니터링

이희두,이무호,한종훈,장근수 ( Hee Du Lee,Moo Ho Lee,Chong Hun Han,Kun Soo Chang ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

자질의 대립 위계 변화와 원순모음화 교육

이희두 국어문학회 2016 국어문학 Vol.62 No.-

15세기 당시 국어의 모음체계를 이루는 대립적 자질은 세 가지로서 그 위계는 [coronal]>[high]>[ATR]로 해석할 수 있다. 일반적으로 인정되었던 [labial]은 설축 대립의 체계 아래에서는 잉여적으로 작용한다. 이러한 위계에서 최소 대립 자질로 존재하는 [ATR]은 중화 가능성이 높아져 결국 소멸하게 된다. 소위 ‘ㆍ’의 1단계 변화나 중립모음 ‘ㅣ’의 발생 등은 이러한 작용 때문이었다. [ATR]의 소멸 후, [labial]은 잉여 자질에서 대립 자질이 된다. [labial]이 관여하는 새로운 대립 위계는 [coronal]>[high]>[low]>[labial]이어서 전국적으로 공히 ‘ㅡ>ㅜ’ 변화를 일으킨 것으로 보인다. 저모음보다 고모음 위치에서 먼저 [labial]이 대립성을 발휘했기 때문이다. 이러한 대립 위계를 유지한 중부 방언에서는 원순성 대립의 중화에 의해 저모음 ‘ㆍ’를 ‘ㅏ’로 변화시킨다. 이에 대해 남부 방언은 저모음에서 [labial]이 대립성을 확립하기 이전에, 위계의 변화를 일으켜 [coronal]>[high]>[labial]>[low]와 같게 된다. 이때 최소 대립 자질로 존재하는 [low]의 중화가 발생하면 당시의 모음체계상 ‘ㆍ’는 ‘ㅗ’로 합류하게 된다. 그 결과 남부 및 북부의 일부 방언에서 ‘ㆍ’는 ‘ㅏ’로 변하지 않고 ‘(蠅) - 포리, (臂) - 폴, (小豆) - 폿’처럼 ‘ㅗ’로 변하게 된 것이다. 그러므로 엄밀한 의미에서 남부 방언의 ‘ㆍ>ㅗ’는 [labial] 대립에 의한 원순모음화가 아닌, [low] 대립의 중화에 의해 발생한 것이다. 결국 ‘ㆍ>ㅏ’의 변화는 원순성 대립의 중화에 의해서, 그리고 ‘ㆍ>ㅗ’의 변화는 저설성 대립의 중화에 동기를 둔 원순화 현상임을 알 수 있다.

日本語條件表現에 관한 考察 : 「ば」「と」「たら」를 중심으로

이희두 원광대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.1

This article is concerned about conditional expressions in Japanese such as BA, TO, and TARA. The aim of this study is to give clear explanations of the meaning and usage of the words in conditionals by observing the actual usage. The followings are the major results of the study. First, the words in conditional expressions such as BA, TARA, and TO are further categorized in terms of the usage.Conditional expressions with BA are igrouped into 2 categories such as “General Conditionals”and “Individual Conditionals”, and the “Individual Conditionals”are further divided into two types “Individual Hypothetical Conditionals,” and “ Individual Definite Conditions.”Conditional expressions with TARA are grouped into 2 categories such as “Individual Hypothetical Conditionals”and “Individual Definite Conditionals.” “Since TO is weak in ” “Conditionality”, this study uses not the term “conditional”“but the term of” “predication.” “TO expressions shows two types”“CAUSEEFFECT predication”“and SITUATIONAL predication.” Second, the combinatory types of each conditional expression are discussed. I argue that BA is used when there is a “CAUSE- and- EFFECT”relation between a conditional clause and a main clause , that TO is used when there is a sequential relation in time between a conditional clause and a main clause. On tge other hand, TARA is argued to be used when the clause of TARA connotes the meaning of “completeness”or “results”of a conditional clause. Third, characteristics and semantic differences of the conditional expressions are discussed. Generally, BA- and TARA- sentences connotestrong “subjectivity”while To sentences has strong “objectivity.”It is argued that the generalization is always true because there are some instances run counter to it. Fourth, it explains the difference between BA and TO in “general CAUSEEFFECT conditionals.”Ba desinates logical truth while TO refers to “CAUSE-EFFECT predication” relation between a conditional clause and a main clause, but there is no such a close relation between them as in BA. The TO sentences are characterized by the fact that are not limited to the “tense”or “time”, and that they connote “commonness” and “convention”rather than “speaker’s subjectivity”and “temporal sequence.” Finally, it explains the difference between BA and TARA in the usage of “General Hypothetical Conditionals.” There is a necessary relation between a conditional clause and a main clause if BA is used, but there is no such relation between them if TARA is used because it implies strong “individuality”and “temporariness”and the results derived by TARA is limited to the situation only. Since TARA, unlike BA, implies “completeness”, there are some instances in which TARA-sentences may be translated into BA-sentences.