Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran Subunits of Laulimalide Using Olefinic Ring Closing Merathesis. PartⅠ

이효원,정충식,윤수혜,이일영최,Lee, Hyo Won,Jeong, Chung Sik,Yun, Su Hye,Lee, Il Yeong Choe Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.8

Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran Subunits of Laulimalide Using Olefinic Ring Closing Metathesis.PartⅡ

이효원,윤서혜,최이일영,장봉용,Lee, Hyo Won,Yun, Seo Hye,Choe, Lee Il Yeong,Jang, Bong Yong Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.11

Synthesis of Chloral-2-acetothienone and Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone, and Reaction of Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with Hydrazines

이효원,이윤영,Lee, Hyo Won,Lee, Youn Young Korean Chemical Society 1975 대한화학회지 Vol.19 No.1

2-Acetothienone과 chloral을 축합시켜 chloral-2-acetothienone을 생성하였으며 이것을 탈수하여 trichloroethylidene-2-acetohienone을 합성하였다. Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone과 phenylhydrazine 또는 치환된 phenylhydrazine들과의 반응으로 2-aryl-6-(2-thienyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone들을 얻었으며 hydrazine과의 반응에서는 3-(2-thienyl)-5-trichloromethyl-2-pyrazoline이 합성되었다. Chloral-2-acetothienone was synthesized from the condensation of 2-acetothienone with chloral, and trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone was obtained from the dehydration of chloral-2-acetothienone. From the reaction of trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with phenylhydrazine or substituted phenylhydrazines 2-aryl-6-(2-thienyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones were obtained. 3-(2-Thienyl)-5-trichloromethyl-2-pyrazoline was synthesized from the reaction of trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with hydrazine hydrate.

솔보써말 방법을 이용한 구리분말 제조 및 전자파 차폐제로의 응용

이효원,김수룡,권우택,최덕균,김영희,Lee, Hyo-Won,Kim, Soo-Ryong,Kwon, Woo-Teck,Choi, Duck-Kyun,Kim, Young-Hee 한국재료학회 2006 한국재료학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Copper powders have been widely used in electrically conductive coatings, electrode materials et al. and are very prospective since they are cheaper than noble metal powders such as silver or palladium. In this study, copper powders for metal filler of EMI shielding have been prepared using a solvothermal process from $CuSO_4$, NaOH, Glucose, mixed solvent ($H_2O$: Ethanol) and hydrazine which was used as a reducing agent at various reaction conditions. The prepared copper powders showed finely dispersed spherical shape without agglomerate, uniform morphology, narrow size distribution, high purity and were about 400-700 nm in size. The prepared powders were characterized using XRD, SEM, TGA, XPS, particle size measurement and EMI shielding efficiency.

답리작 춘계포장에서 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과의 혼파비율이 동위원소 희석법 및 차이법을 이용한 질소고정 및 이동에 미치는 영향

이효원,이효진,김원호,윤봉기,고한종,Lee, Hyo-Won,Lee, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Won Ho,Yoon, Bong Ki,Ko, Han Jong 한국초지조사료학회 2016 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 전남농업기술원 답리작 시험포장에서 2006년과 2007년 사이에 보리와 이탈리안 라이그래스와 각종 두과를 혼파비율을 달리한 처리하여 파종하였다. 주구는 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그래스와 자운영, 크림손클로버, 헤어리벳치, 사료용 완두였고 세구는 화본과와 두과를 각각 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 그리고 80:20이었다. 공중질소 고정량 및 이의 이동을 측정하기 위하여 질소동위원소($^{15}N(NH_4)_2SO_4$)를 2007년 4월 15일 처리 후 쿼드랏 안의 식물체를 6월 8일에 수확하여 화본과 및 두과로 분리한 후 안정성동위원소 질량분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 공중질소 고정률은 두과에서 화본과로, 질소이동은 차이법과 동위원소 희석법을 이용하여 구하였다. 본 실험결과의 주요내용은 동위원소 초과는 화본과에서는 차가 없었던 반면 보리와 두과와 혼파비율이 60:40인 처리에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그 값은 보리와 혼파한 두과는 0에서 0.54 범위였다. 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 초과 값이 더 높아 보리에서는 0.71에서 0.82, 두과는 0.37에서 1.01 사이였다. 공중 질소 이용비율은 보리와의 조합은 0%~49.5%, 이탈리안 라이그라스 조합은 0~60.5%의 범위로 다양한 결과를 나타내었다. 차이법에 의한 이동량 시험에서는 보리와의 조합에서 12.3~90.9 kg/ha, 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합에서는 보리보다 더 많아 31.7~107.8 kg 사이였다. 한편 동위원소 희석법에서는 보리와 두과 혼파조합은 0~36.1 kg/ha 그리고 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 0~50.6 kg/ha로 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 차이법에 의한 질소 이동량이 동위원소 희석법보다 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. In order to study the effect of barley, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and legume mixture on nitrogen fixation and transfer to grasses on spring paddy field, an experiment was carried out from Oct. 2006 to June 2007 in Naju, Korea. A split plot design with three replications was used for the experiment. One reference plot was assigned for each treatment to determine nitrogen fixation. Main plots consisted of Chinese milk vetch, crimson clover, forage pea, and hairy vetch with barley, respectively. Subplot treatment were barley or IRG with four seeding ratio of legumes (50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20). To estimate N fixation by legumes, $^{15}N$ isotope dilution technique was used. $^{15}N$ fertilizer [$(^{15}NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution at 99.8 atom N] was uniformly applied to $600cm^2$ in the middle of each plot on April 15, 2007. Plots were harvest by hand on June 8, 2007. Dried sample were ground to a fine power and analyzed for total N isotope N. $^{15}N$ was determined using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The calculation of N transfer was determined with the isotope dilution method. The content of N was higher in legumes than that in barley or Italian ryegrass. Nitrogen level in forage pea was significantly higher than that of other legumes. There were significantly differences in N content between legumes in IRG mixture. Atom % $^{15}N$ excess was significantly different in legumes with barley. The 60:40 sub plot had higher (p<0.05) atom % $^{15}N$ than other seeding ratio treatments. The enrichment ranged from 0 to 0.58. Compared to barley, the enrichment of IRG with its accompanied legumes was higher, ranging from 0.38 to 1.0. The N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) ranged from 0% to 49.5% with barley-legume mixture. It ranged from 0 to 60.5% in IRG-legume plots. N transfer from legumes to neighboring grasses was 12.3 to 90.9 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 31.7 to 107.8 kg/ha for IRG plots. IRG plots showed higher N transfer for IRG-legume mixture in general based on difference method. Based on $^{15}N$ dilution method, the N transfer was 0 to 36.1 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 0 to 50.6 kg/ha for IRG plots. There was a tendency toward higher N transfer on the difference method than that of the $^{15}N$ dilution method.

Synthesis of the C11-C21 and C13-C21 Fragments of Epothilones from D-Glucose

이효원,최일영,홍용덕,Lee, Hyo Won,Choe, Il Yeong,Hong, Yong Deok Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.12

트리암시놀론이 배양된 사람 섬유아세포의 생존과 산화질소 생성에 미치는 영향

이효원,김재우,Hyo-Won Lee,Jae-Woo Kim 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.11

Purpose: To investigate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on cell survival and nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured human Tenon`s capsule fibroblast (FB) cells. Methods: After exposed to TA, indomethacin, and dexamethasone for 2 days, cell survival and nitrite production of primarily cultured human FB cells were assessed with MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Results: Cell survival increased after exposure to TA at low concentrations but decreased at high concentrations. TA decreased the production of NO significantly (p<0.05). Exposure to indomethacin and dexamethasone revealed similar results. Conclusions: Both the biphasic effect on cell survival and the decreased production of NO induced by TA in FB cells could affect conjunctival wound healing

나주, 천년의 역사, 그리고 가능성

이효원,Lee, Hyo-Won 대한건축사협회 1999 建築士 Vol.1999 No.5

남북한 통일합의서의 법적 쟁점과 체결방안

이효원 ( Hyo Won Lee ) 법조협회 2011 法曹 Vol.60 No.11

The unification of the South and North Korea is not returning to the state as before division, but a process to create a new state - community. The conclusion of unification agreement between the South and North Korea will be required whenever the unification of the South and North Korea would be achieved in form of agreement between the South and North Korea, or enlargement of the South Korea`s constitutional order to th North. The unification agreement between the South and North Korea is on the assumption that The unification of the South and North Korea should be based on free - democracy and principal of rule of role according to constitutional law of the South Korea. It will materialize the idea and principal of the united nation. In the aspect of procedural law, the unification agreement between the South and North Korea should abide by the process of revision of constitutional law, which give it democratic legitimacy. The unification agreement between the South and North Korea will observe the law for the development of the relationship between the South and North Korea, and obtain the consent of the National Assembly. It would be useful to achieve a peaceful unification that the unification agreement between the South and North Korea would be deposited with the United Nations. In the aspect of substantial law, the unification agreement between the South and North Korea should prescribe basic principal, time and method in unification. It should contain the name and flag of united nation, establishment or revision by constitutional law, formulate the National Assembly and Government. The unification agreement between the South and North Korea will include application of law, administration and judicature of two Koreas, temporary measures in the n area of the North Korea,restructuring of the army of the North Korea, and so forth. The normative standard on the procedural and substantial aspect which unification agreement between the South and North Korea would present will be available not only in Exchange and cooperation between the North and South Korea, but also in the process of peaceful unification and for the legal integration after unification.

검사의 공익적 기능

이효원(Lee, Hyo-Won) 대검찰청 2012 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.35

헌법은 제12조의 영장주의 등에서 검사에 대해 규정하고 있으나, 헌법에 의해 그 조직, 구성과 권한이 보장되는 것이 아니어서 헌법기관은 아니다. 그러나 검사는 인신구속의 절차에 있어서 영장주의를 실현하는 필수적 국가기관이므로 검찰총장을 정점으로 하는 검사제도 자체를 부정할 수 없고, 체포 ․ 구속 ․ 압수 또는 수색을 할 때에는 반드시 검사의 신청을 경유하여야 한다. 헌법과 법률은 검사에게 수사의 주재자, 준사법기관, 공익의 대표자로의 지위를 부여하고 있다. 검사의 공익적 기능은 형사법 분야에서는 객관의무와 인권옹호의무로 나타나고, 행정법 분야에서는 국가소송․, 행정소송의 수행자, 선거소송과 공증인으로서 특별한 권한과 의무를 부담한다. 특히, 검사는 민사법과 상사법분야에서 한정치산과 금치산, 부재자의 권리보호, 법인의 관리, 가족과 상속관계의 보장, 불법적 회사의 해산 등을 통해 공익적 기능을 수행한다. 검사는 현실적으로 위와 같은 공익적 기능을 제대로 수행하지 못하고 있는데, 이는 법률전문가의 인식부족, 관련 법령의 미비, 제도적 시스템의 부실 등에서 기인한다. 검사의 공익적 기능을 활성화하기 위해서는 관련 법령을 정비하고, 이를 실현하는 제도적 시스템을 보완해야 한다. 또한, 검사의 공익적 기능에 대한 교육을 강화하여 관련 분야의 전문인력을 양성하고 검사, 판사, 변호사는 물론 국민이 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 행정적 지원체계도 마련할 필요가 있다. Despite being regulated in article 12 of the Korean Constitution with respect to the principle of warrants, the prosecutors’office is not a constitutional organ since the Constitution does not guarantees its structure, organization and authority. However, the prosecutors’office is the essential governmental organ in the implementation of the principle of warrants during the process of arresting an individual. Therefore, it would be impossible to deny the existence of the prosecutor system, with the Public Prosecutor General at the top of the organization. The process of arrest, detention, seizure and search must be accompanied by a request made by a prosecutor. The prosecutors’office is given the status of a quasi ‒judicial organ, the director of investigation and the representative of public interest by the Korean Constitution and the statutes. The role of a prosecutor in protecting public interest is done through the objective obligation and the obligation in promoting human rights during criminal procedures, representing the government in state litigations and administrative litigations during administrative lawsuits, and retaining special rights and obligations for election lawsuits and as a notary. Furthermore, a prosecutor fulfills its duty to promote public interest by protecting the rights of quasi ‒incompetent, incompetent and absent people under the civil and business law, managing corporate body, guaranteeing family and inheritance relations, and dissolving illegal companies. In reality, prosecutors are unable to carry out its function of protecting public interest due to the lack of knowledge among legal professionals, insufficiency of the related laws and the deficiency of the system. In order to enhance the role of a prosecutor, relevant laws must be amended, and the system that implements the laws must be revised. Moreover, there should be education concerning the role of a prosecutor as the protector of public interest when training professionals in the related fields. Furthermore, an administrative support system should be established which is accessible to not only prosecutors, judges and lawyers, but also to the people.