집속 아르곤 이온 레이저 빔을 이용한 레이저 유도 직접 구리 패터닝

이홍규,이경철,안민영,이천,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Kyoung-Cheol,Ahn, Min-Young,Lee, Cheon 한국전기전자재료학회 2000 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11

Laser direct writing of micro-patterned copper lines has been achieved by pyrolytic decomposition of copper formate films (Cu(HCOO)$_2$.4$H_2O$), as a metallo-organic precursor, using a focused CW Ar$^{+}$ laser beam (λ=514nm) on PCB boards and glass substrates. The linewidth and thickness of the lines wee investigated as a functin of laser power and scan speed. The profiles of the lines were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical resistivities of the patterned lines were also investigated as a function of laser parameters using probe station and semiconductor analyzer. We compared resistivities of the patterned copper lines with these of the Cu bulk. Resistivities decreased due to changes in morphology and porosity of the deposit, which were about 3.8 $\mu$$\Omega$cm and 12$\mu$$\Omega$cm on PCB and glass substrates after annealing at 30$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes.s.

로보트 시스템의 동력학적 제한 조건과 가변구조 제어 파라메타의 상관관계에 관한 연구

이홍규,이범희,최계근,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Bum-Hee,Choi, Keh-Kun 대한전자공학회 1989 전자공학회논문지 Vol. No.

가변구조 제어방법을 이용하여 로보트 시스템을 제어하는데 있어서 현재까지는 가변구조 제어 파라메타에 대한 정확한 분석없이 슬라이딩 모드 존재조건 만을 고려하여 임의의 파라메타를 선정 사용하고 있기 때문에 가변구조 제어 방법의 장점을 최대로 활용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로보트 시스템 제어에 적용하여 조인트 각과 손의 궤적에 미치는 양향을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 분석된 결과는 가변구조 제어 방법을 이용하여 경로 궤적계획을 하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. In the control of the robot system using the variable structure control(VSC) method, up to these days the advantage of the VSC method has not been applied effectively because the parameters are selected arbitrarily by the existence condition of sliding mode without a precise analysis about the VSC parameters. This paper reveals the relation between dynamic constraints and the VSC parameters of robot system, and analyzes the effect on the trajectory of the joint angle and the hand when the analytical result of the relation is applied to the robot system control. The result of the analysis in this paper is applied effectively to the path tracking control and the trajectory planning using the VSC method.

유전 알고리즘의 조기수렴 저감을 위한 연산자 소인방법 연구

이홍규,Lee, Hong-Kyu 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.12

GA (Genetic Algorithms) are efficient for searching for global optima but may have some problems such as premature convergence, convergence to local extremum and divergence. These phenomena are related to the evolutionary operators. As population diversity converges to low value, the search ability of a GA decreases and premature convergence or converging to local extremum may occur but population diversity converges to high value, then genetic algorithm may diverge. To guarantee that genetic algorithms converge to the global optima, the genetic operators should be chosen properly. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operator on convergence properties, and propose the sweeping method of mutation probability and elitist propagation rate to maintain the diversity of the GA's population for getting out of the premature convergence. Results of simulation studies verify the feasibility of using these sweeping operators to avoid premature convergence and convergence to local extrema.

인체 각질형성세포와 KB 세포에서의 Fas 항체 , IFN - γ , IL - 1α에 의한 apoptosis 유발에 관한 연구

이홍규,황규왕,박영립,김영근,( Hong Kyu Lee,Kyu Uang Whang,Young Lip Park,Young Keun Kim,David A Norris ) 대한피부과학회 1997 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Background: The Fas antigen is a cell surface molecule that mediates apoptosis in many cell types. Matsues group indicated that keratinocytes constitutively express the Fas antigen and apoptosis was induced only on pretreatment with interferon-r(IFN-y) in cultured normal human keratinocytes(NHK). Objective : We undertook this study to determine the induction of apoptosis by Fas antibody alone and/or in combination with IFN y, IL-1a in normal human keratinocytes(NHK) and transitional epithelioma cell lines(KB cell) which had lower levels of intracellular IL-1 receptor antago- nists(IL-1ra ). Methods : We used cultured NHK and KB cells. Each cell was treated with IFN-r, IL-la and Fas antibody for induction of apoptosis. For quantifying the apoptosis, index fluorescent DNA- binding dyes were used. Result: Fas antibody alone could induce apoptosis not only in KB cells but also in NHK cells. The combination of Fas antibody and IFN-r enhanced the induction of apoptosis in NHK and KB cells. The IL-la alone could induce apoptosis only in KB cells which had relatively small amounts of IL-1ra compared to NHK. Conclusion : Our result may indicate that Fas antigen in human keratinocytes can regulate normal epidermal cellular differentiation and proliferation. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35(2): 273-278)

논문(論文) : 경악전서(景岳全書) 맥신장(脈神章) 중(中) 내경맥의(內經脈義)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

이홍규 ( Hong Kyu Lee ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),정헌영 ( Heon Young Jeong ),박경 ( Kyoung Park ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2006 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.19 No.3

정치적 쏠림 현상과 숙의 역량

이홍규 ( Hong Kyu Lee ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2009 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.15 No.2

민주주의란 대표성과 숙의성에 기반한 제도이다. 이 두 가지 요소의 조화는 민주주의에 내재된 숙제로서, 특히 현대 사회의 구조적 변화는 우리로 하여금 더욱 더 이에 대한 관심을 갖도록 요구한다. 참여의 확산은 숙의성에 대한 논란을 불러일으킨다. 이와 관련하여 우리가 살펴보아야 할 것 중 하나 .가 정치적 함의를 갖는 쏠림 현상들이고, 그 대표적 사례가 2008년의 촛불집 회이다 이런 쏠림은 시민사회의 공론장의 활성화라는 측면에서는 긍정적일 수 있지만, 한편으로는 그 쏠림을 어떻게 숙의 역량이 있는 것으로 만들 것이냐는 문제를 제기한다. 특히 보수와 진보의 대립으로 점증하고 있는 미움이 소통과 이성의 숙의 역량을 위협하는 가운데, 숙의 역량을 어떻게 확보할 것인가 하는 문제가 정치사회학의 새로운 과제라 할 수 있다. 우리는 이 사회집단들 간의 미움을 불식시키고, 공동체의 이익을 새롭게 복원시키는 작업에 있어 그 일부의 역할을 불교에서 찾을 수 있다. 이미 한국 문화 속에 자리 잡은 불교의 사상체계가 이 이념의 대립을 완화시킬 수 있기 때문이다. Democracy is a much-contested concept. But fundamentally it is a system based on both representation and deliberation which are to be combined together and harmonized each other. Structural changes in our contemporary society prompt us to have more concerns about the two elements of democracy. As political participations of citizens are actively enlarged, it becomes more important to ensure deliberation capacity of democratic system. In this regard, special attention is to be paid to politically-tipping phenomena recently coming out in Korean society. The 2008 Candlelight Meeting in protest against the Government decision to import US meat was an example of such phenomena which drew our attention to deliberation. A question of how such phenomenon matches well with the deliberation capacity of the Korean society may be raised, while it can be regarded as the activation of public sphere in civil society. This issue is pressed upon us, especially because Korean society now faces the increasing threat of hatred coming out of confrontations between the conservatives and the liberals. Splits and hatred spread over the Korean society would weaken its deliberation capacity implying mutual communication and rationality for the better quality of its collective decision. It may be a new topic in the discourse of political sociology that how such deliberation capacity can be built up in Korea. A solution to reduce substantially hatred between both of ideological groups and rebuild newly the Korean community can be found in Buddhism. That is why the Buddhism way of thinking that has been long rooted in the Korean traditional culture is believed to play a very major role in mitigating ideological confrontations and hatred in the society.

IPv6 기반 자동화된 공격 대응도구

이홍규(Hong-Kyu Lee),구향옥(Hyang-Ohk Koo),김선영(Sun-Young Kim),김영기(Young-Gi Kim),오창석(Chang-Suk Oh) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2005 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.10 No.3

본 논문에서는 IPv6 기반 자동화된 공격 대응도구 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 현재는 IPv6에서 사용할 응용 프로그램 및 표준화에 초점을 두고 연구가 진행중에 있어 향후 IPv6의 보안에 대해서는 아직 연구가 미흡한 상태이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 IPv6에서 발생할 수 있는 공격과 기존 IPv4에서의 공격을 탐지하고 자동화된 대응방법을 통해 개인의 정보보호가 가능하다. 일반적으로 침입 탐지 시스템의 경우 탐지만 하기 때문에 피해는 계속 반복적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 직시하고 조기에 연구함으로써 문제 해결방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 리눅스 기반에서 IPv6망을 구축하여 실험 하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 알고리즘을 이용하여 효율적으로 공격을 검출할 수 있었다. In this paper proposed automated attack reaction tool based on IPv6. Currently, much researches are performing focused on application program and standardization for IPv6. But, It is not enough for future IPv6 security. The proposed method detect attacks on IPv6 and conventional IPv4, therefore it is possible to protect personal information using automated reaction method. Usually, IDS just perform detection, therefore damages may be repeated. However, this paper considered the problems described above, and suggested solution for this problems. The proposed algorithm suggested in this paper is simulated on IPv6 network based on Linux. As a simulation result, it is proved that proposed algorithm can detect attacks efficiently.

60 ㎫급 고성능 콘크리트의 압송 높이 별 펌프 압송 전·후 물성평가

이홍규(Lee, Hong Kyu),이상현(Lee, Sang Hyun),문형재(Mun, Hyeong Jae),김규동(Kim, Gyu Dong),한민철(Han, Min Cheol),한천구(Han, Cheon Goo) 한국콘크리트학회 2015 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

보존처리 프로세스를 중심으로 한 기록물보존소의 필요시설 및 공간구성에 관한 연구

이홍규(Lee Hong-Kyu),정낙현(Jung Nak-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6

This study aims to support the architectural planning for archives that is an unfamiliar building type domestically, although they are accustomed to all over the world. As it is recognized gradually that the management and preservation of records are important, it seems that demand for archival building will increase. It needs to study the architecture of archives that is suitable to treat with records in Korea. Based on studies connecting conservative position to space planning under perception that these space planning is the most important for function and purpose of archives, the final purpose of this is to provide the guidelines in establishment of reasonable space planning. Results of this study are as follows. 1. Archives have two zone. Two zones are visitor zonning and staff zonning. Visitor zonning has a reading room, gallery, exhibition hal and auditorium. Staff zonning has a storage, preserving process space and office work space. 2. The importance of moving traffic line in Archives is security. 3. The storage and preserving process space should be designed spatially to be considerate of collections rather than the similar facilities, so its spatial planning should focus on circulation, classification system, zonning.

주거공간의 공간구조와 음악 구조의 상관성에 관한 연구

이홍규(Lee, Hong-Kyu) 한국실내디자인학회 2002 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.- No.33