http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
화학물질관리법의 유해화학물질 취급시설 안전관리 체계 고찰
신창현(Chang Hyun Shin),이청수(Chung Soo Lee),강재은(Jae Eun Kang),마병철(Beyong Chol Ma),윤이(Yi Yoon),윤준헌(Jun Heon Yoon),박재학(Jai Hak Park) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2015 Crisisonomy Vol.11 No.7
2013년에 실시한 유독물 취급사업장 전수 조사결과를 보면 우리나라 화학물질 사업장은 화학사고에 상당히 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 취급시설과 안전설비의 관리 역시 부실하게 이루어지는 경우가 많았다. 2003년 이후 발생한 전체 화학사고의 30%가 취급시설 관리 미흡으로 인해 발생한 사고로, 적절한 안전관리가 된다면 충분히 예방 가능한 사고로 사료된다. 따라서, 화학사고의 효과적인 예방을 위해 2015년부터 시행되는 「화학물질관리법」은 기존 「유해화학물질관리법」에 비해 취급시설의 관리기준이 대폭 강화되었다. 화학물질관리법은 취급시설을 제조ㆍ사용, 보관ㆍ저장, 차량운반, 배관이송에 대해 보다 세부적으로 구분하여 각각의 취급시설 기준을 제시하고 있다. 아울러, 보관ㆍ저장시설은 실내, 실외, 지하 시설로 세분화하여 구체적인 취급시설 기준을 제시하고있다. 이러한 세분화된 취급시설 기준은 개별 사업장에서 사고예방을 위한 현장관리 지침으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 다만, 타법에서 관리하고 있는 유사 규정에 대해서는 중복 규제의 소지가 있어 현장평가를 통한 보완책 마련이 필요하며, 화재ㆍ폭발 물질과 독성 물질의 취급시설에 대해서는 서로 다른 관리기준을 제시하여 실효성 있는 제도로 개선하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. According to the inspection results in 2013, domestic facilities handling hazardous chemicals are very vulnerable to chemical accidents. Moreover, the management of facilities and safety equipment is considerably weak. The 30 percent of chemical accidents occurring after 2003 resulted from the poor safety management of facilities and would have been preventable if appropriate safety measures had been taken. Therefore, the Chemicals Controls Act has significantly reinforced the safety management including facilities, compared to the previous standard, the Toxic Chemicals Control Act. The facilities under the Chemicals Control Act are classified as manufactureㆍusage, storage, vehicle, pipe that present detailed and concrete safety standards. Storage facilities are also categorized as indoor, outdoor, underground facilities that are special for prevention respectively. These improved safety standards of facilities are expected to be used at the workplace for the definite prevention guideline of chemical accidents. That being said, additional studies have to be conducted in the future both to avoid merely redundant regulations of other laws and to obtain differentiated safety standards differently applicable to toxic chemicals and dangerous chemicals such as fire or explosion.
임영욱(Young-Wook Lim),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),이건우(Geon-Woo Lee),손종렬(Jong Ryeul Sohn),박중원(Jung-Won Park),신동천(Dong-Chun Shin) 한국실내환경학회 2008 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.5 No.1
This study was performed to investigate airborne volatile organic compounds(VOCs), formaldehyde, respiratory particulate for concentration in primary schools. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(VOCs ; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, PM-10) were observed from November to December 2006. Sampling was undertaken at 81 primary schools. The sampling sites of air pollutants are classroom and hallway. VOCs with distribution of most of general environmental contamination material will be able to confirm that it shows the log-normal distribution which is similar exposure distribution. The exposure quality of VOCs and the place pollution level was indoor> hallway>outdoor, which whole is located in the metropolis and the industrial areas is higher than farm village area. It tried to observe the I/O ratio, it appeared highly from the interior of the material of most. The mean concentrations of formaldehyde, respiratory particulate were 22.07㎍/㎥, 88.06㎍/㎥ respectively. Indoor and outdoor ratios(I/O) of formaldehyde and respiratory particulate were 3.6 and 1.4, respectively. The concentration of respiratory particulate is 27.2% higher than guideline for school hygiene(100㎍/㎥). From the comparison in the construction year, the highest concentration of formaldehyde is showed under one year. However, as time passed by the concentrations of formaldehyde become lower.
화학사고 대응을 위한 시간별 급성노출기준 참고치 산정 : 폼알데하이드 사례
김은채(Eunchae Kim),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),양원호(Wonho Yang),황승율(Seung-Ryul Hwang),박지훈(Jihoon Park) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Objectives: This study aimed to provide temporal Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) for a hazardous substance as a pilot study. Methods: As one of the substances designated by the Korea Ministry of Environment as requiring preparations for potential accidents, formaldehyde was selected to estimate the AEGLs. The calculation was based on Haber’s formula (Cn ×t=k) using valid toxicity data (for humans/animals). A total of 96 points of AEGL levels were provided using an interval of five minutes over eight hours. Results: The AEGL-1 and 2 values were constant for the entire exposure duration at 0.9 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. The values were obtained from clinical/animal tests, and the adaptation effect after a given exposure duration was also considered. AEGL-3 was based on animal toxicity data, and it was estimated from 127 ppm for the initial five minutes to 35 ppm for eight hours. Conclusions: More specific AEGL levels for formaldehyde could be obtained in this study using toxicity data with Haber’s formula. Based on this methodology, it would be also possible to estimate AEGL levels that can be used at the scene of a chemical accident for other substances requiring preparation for potential accidents.
사고대비물질 개인보호구 선정에 관한 연구(1):: 물질유해성 및 작업위해성 분석
한돈희(Don-Hee Han),정상태(Sang-Tae Chung),김종일(Jong-Il Kim),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2016 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.42 No.6
Objectives: According to the new Chemical Control Act from the Korean Ministry of Environment (2014- 259), workers handling hazardous chemicals should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However the act simply states in basic phrases that every worker handling one or more of the 69 listed chemicals should wear PPE and does not consider the unique hazard characteristics of chemicals and work types. The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data to revise the act to suit particular work processes and situations. Methods: The hazard rank of the substances was classified based on hazardous characteristics such as LC50 and vapor pressure using matrix analysis. The workplace exposure risk of the substances was also determined through a matrix analysis based on the previously determined hazard ranks and the demands of manual handling together with the likelihood of accident frequency of the operation combined with the exposure of workers during spill accidents. Results: To meet the demands for developing subsequent guidelines for the risk-based application of PPE in hazardous workplaces, this study sorted the 69 listed chemicals into five hazardous categories based on their LC50 and vapor pressures, and also assigned exposure categories according to exposure vulnerability for various types of work which are frequently performed throughout the life cycle of the chemicals. Conclusion: In the next study, an exposure risk matrix will be produced using the hazard rank of chemicals and workplace exposure risk, and then PPE will be selected to suit the categories of the exposure risk matrix.
규제기준 변화에 따른 PCBs 인체 및 생태 위해성 평가
임영욱(Young-Wook Lim),양지연(Ji-yeon Yang),정종수(Jong-Soo Jung),이용진(Yong-jin Lee),김진영(Jin-Young Kim),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),고성준(Seong-joon Ko),신동천(Dong-chun Shin) 환경독성보건학회 2008 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.23 No.1
In the present study, the concentration levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (or PCBs) in the environments in Korea are estimated based on some measured data in Korea, in comparison with the data from the other countries, Even though PCBs were banned as electrical fluids in 1970s in Korea, PCBs are still detected in the environment. PCBs levels in Korea are greatly lower than those in other countries, which are gradually decreased as well. However, the measured data are not sufficient in both numbers and quality, to estimate the average PCBs levels in Korea. The regulation limit on polychlorinated biphenyls (or PCBs) is 2mg/kg (ppm), which is too low compared to 50 ppm of many other countries including U.S. With this strict regulation, there are many problems expected, for example, in the analysis of PCBs in the transformers using in the field as well as the safe treatment of PCBs. The risk assessment on the PCBs in the environment is surely necessary prior to the change in the limit. Also the PCBs concentration monitoring in the environmental media(i.e. air, water, soil and sediment) and exposure assessment will be essential for the accurate risk assessment. If the PCB-waste guideline maintain as 2 ppm after 10 years, the excess cancer risk of PCBs exposure by ambient air, drinking water and soil was 10<SUP>-8</SUP> But if the guideline mitigate as 50 ppm after 10 years, the cancer risk was increased by 10<SUP>-7</SUP>. The ecological risk quotient by regulation change was not exceed '1'.
실내 먼지 중 프탈레이트류 평가 : 보육시설 및 실내놀이터 중심
양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang)⋅김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim)⋅이청수(Chung-Soo Lee)⋅김선덕(Sun-Duk Kim)⋅신동천(Dong-Chun Shin) ⋅임영욱(Young-Wook Lim) 한국실내환경학회 2009 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The indoor level of phthalates in children-facilities was assessed in this study. The samples of house dust were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by GC-MS. The DEHP was detected in almost every sample (detection rate : 99%) and the detection rate of DnBP and BBzP was more than 80%. The average concentrations of DEHP, DEP, DnBP, and BBzP in house dust were 388 ㎍/g dust, 37㎍/g dust, 108㎍/g dust and 349㎍/g dust, respectively. The relationship between construction period and DEHP level was statistically significant. But, other factors such as flooring material, construction period and water leakage were not statistically significant relationship with phthalateslevels. The Phthalate levels were similar or more higher than other the European country.
어린이 주요활동공간의 휘발성유기화합물류 노출로 인한 건강위해성 평가 : 초등학교 및 학원을 중심으로
김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),임영욱(Young-Wook Lim),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),김태훈(Tae-Hoon Kim),박주희(Ju-Hee Park),전준민(Jun-Min Jeon),신동천(Dong-Chun Shin),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang) 한국실내환경학회 2011 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.8 No.4
This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds This study was assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in young children at elementary-schools and academies in Korea. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 42 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods, and analyzed by GC-MSD. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of benzene and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) from the data in adults. The average ECRs of benzene for young children were 1×10⁻⁷~1×10⁻⁹ level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.
보육시설 및 실내놀이터의 Aldehydes 노출 및 위해성 평가
김호현(Ho-Hyun Kim),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),김선덕(Sun-Duk Kim),양수희(Su-Hee Yang),신동천(Dong-Chun Shin),임영욱(Young-Wook Lim) 한국실내환경학회 2010 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.7 No.2
This study was performed to investigate the concentration of indoor aldehydes in children’s facilities. The samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 day-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and spring (Mar~Apr, 2008). The ratio of Indoor and outdoor (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0 and the formaldehyde levels in each child-care facilities were significantly different. We evaluated the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of young children due to indoor aldehyde exposure. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde was evaluated for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10?⁴~1×10 ?? level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.