이창환의 임상이제

이창환,Lee, Chang-Hwan 대한한약협회 2003 大韓漢藥 Vol.7 No.-

미국의 규제수용법리의 내용과 환경보호와의 관계

이창환 한국환경법학회 2003 環境法 硏究 Vol.25 No.2

The United States Constitution protects property rights by prohibiting the taking of private property for public use by the federal and state governments without the payment of just compensation. According to the United States Supreme Court, the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment is intended "to bar Government from forcing some people alone to bear public burdens which, in all fairness and justice, should be borne by the public as a whole." As the Court has noted, a "strong public desire to improve the public condition is not enough to warrant achieving the desire by a shorter cut than the constitutional way of paying for the change." Historically, the Takings Clause applied only to physical expropriations of property. It was not until its decision in Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon in 1922 that the US. Supreme Court recognized the possibility of a "regulatory" taking, that a regulation that has substantially the same effect as a physical taking in terms of interference with a property owner's rights is itself a compensable exercise of the eminent domain power, The Mahon Court stated that "while property may be regulated to a certain extent, if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking." Since this cryptic pronouncement was made, the courts and scholars, predictably, have been engaged in the frustrating and largely fruitless exercise of determining where that line of "too far" should be drawn in any particular instance. Takings law is commonly viewed as existing along a continuum. One end of the continuum is anchored by the traditional form of eminent domain: a physical confiscation of property, no matter how trivial, subject to the non-controversial, straightforward rules requiring payment of just compensation. The other end of the continuum is moored by a valid police power action. Under traditional Supreme Court takings doctrine, once a regulation crosses some invisible line such that it has substantially the same impact on the property owner as a physical confiscation, it ceases to be a valid police power action and becomes instead a "regulatory taking." Although the Supreme Court has never been able to articulate precisely where the dividing line between valid police power actions and regulatory takings lies, it is clear that the Court is willing to tolerate extensive interference with property interests before a regulatory taking will be found.

An Enhanced Nearest Neighbor Algorithm Applicable to Relational Databases

이창환 東國大學校 1996 東國論叢 Vol.35 No.-

Nearest neighbor algorithms classify an unseen input case by finding similar cases and use the discovered membership to make predictions about the unknown features of the input example. The usefulness of the nearest neighbor algorithms have been demonstrated sufficiently in many real-world domains. Unfortunately, most of the similarity measures discussed in the current nearest neighbor learning literature handle only limited data types, thus limiting their applicability to relational database applications. In this paper, we propose an enhanced nearest neighbor learning algorithm that is applicable to relational databases. The proposed method allows one to define similarity on a wide spectrum of attribute types. It automatically assigns to each attribute a weight of its importance with respect to the target attribute. The method has been implemented as a computer program and its effectiveness has been tested on a number of machine learning databases publicly available. Its performance was compared with other learning methods such as ID3 and the back-propagation algorithm. Our experimentation with the system demonstrates that the classification accuracy of the proposed system is in many cases superior to that of the other learning methods.

HELLP증후군의 임상양상과 예후에 관한 연구

이창환,손성경,이석수,이윤이 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2

The syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count during pregnancy (HELLP syndrome) is recognized as a serous, multisystemic disease and associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcome. The purpose of this study is to elevate the clinical appearance and the maternal and perinatal outcome with HELLP syndrome. It was a retrospective study that maternal outcome and perinatal variables and the clinical course of eight cases HELLP syndrome in 234 cases with pregnancy induced hypertension who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1995 to December 1998. The results were as follows; 1. The incidence of the HELLP syndrome among patient with pregnancy induced hypertension was 3.4%(8/234) and mean age, mean gestational age was each 29.7 year-old, 36.7 weeks and there was 3 primigravidas and 5 multipara(38% vs 62%). 2. In the abnormal elevated laboratory finding on admission, mean platelet count, sGOT, sGPT, total bilirubin, LDH, BUN, and creatinine was each as 74,000/㎣, 2231U/ℓ, 1941U/ℓ, 1.7mg/㎗, 10951U/ℓ, 22.3mg/㎗ and 2.0mg/㎗. 3. About the coagulation system, PT and aPTT were all within the normal limit but in 38% of patient with HELLP syndrome fibrinogen was decreased, in 50% FDP was increased and in 25% patient was made diagnosis of DIC. 4. The 6 cases were perceived as immediate delivery, one case was vaginal delivery only and others cesarean section and maternal complication was placenta abruption, severe pulmonary edema, acute renal insufficiency, acute toxic hepatitis and cardiomyopathy but there was no maternal mortality in all cases. 5. The mean birth weight 2,374g, 50% of fetus were delivered before 38 weeks, the IUGR was found in 25% and the perinatal mortality rate was 25%. 6. Neonatal complication was neonatal asphyxia, RDS(> 2 grade), sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia, hypermagnesemia, TTN and major handicaps of PVL. These findings suggest that infants born to HELLP syndrome mother have an increased need for resuscitation at delivery and aggressive management for mothers. Thus obstetricians should be identified promptly and need for appropriate management of nowborn infant and mothers with HELLP syndrome.

비장기능항진증을 동반한 거대한 비종대 1 예

이창환,김동우,김성환,변종훈,어호용,김용흔 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

We have experienced a case of massive splenomegaly which showed hypersplenism in a 53- year-old lady. The cause was obscure after preoperative diagnostic work-ups. Exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy wedge biopsy of liver, and lymph node biopsy was performed for the diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. There were no evidences suggesting for malignant lymphoma, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, storage diseases, or tuberculosis. We have observed her post-operative course for over two years. No evidence of disease progression have been found. We have cautiously concluded that her illness was so-called primary hypersplenism.

한국인의 영어처리 기제 : 스트룹 과제로 살펴본 음운정보가 이중언어 처리에 미치는 효과

이창환,강봉경 심리과학연구소 2005 심리과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of phonological information on bilingual processing for Korean. Experiment was to name colors written in Korean(hanguI) and English(cross-script homophone) in the Stroop task. In experiment1-1, interference effects were obtained from Hangul condition with 500ms presentation time. In experiment1-2. facilitation effects were obtained from both Hangul condition and cross-script homophone condition. and interference effects were obtained from Hangul condition with 300ms presentation time. These results indicate that English phonological information was activated without conscious intention, supporting the nonselective lexical access hypothesis in the phonological level of processing. 한국인의 이중 언어 처리에 있어서 음운 정보의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 두 개의 실험이 실시되었다. 실험은 한글로 쓰여지 색깔이나 영어 교차 표기 동음어로 쓰여진 색깔을 명명하는 것이었다. 실험 1-1에서는 500ms 제시시간 조건에서 한글조건에서 간접효과가 얻어졌다. 실험 1-2에서는 300ms 제시시간 조건에서 한글과 교차 표기 동음어 조건 모두에서 촉진효과가 얻어졌고 한글조건에서 간접효과가 얻어졌다. 이러한 결과는 영어의 음운정보가 의식적인 의도 없이 자동적으로 활성화됨을 의미하여 음운적인 수준에서의 비선택적 어휘접근 가설을 지지하는 결과이다.

조선시대 능역(陵域)의 공간구성특성

이창환,김용기 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

This study aims to find out the norms and principles reflected in the spatial organization of royal tombs in the Chosun Dynasty through the modern interpretation of traditional oriental philosophy theory. We examined the characteristics of royal tomb sites including Jeshil(Shrine), Hongjunmun, tomb mound, ponds, and attached buildings employing an analysis of the spatial formation and landscape. This study covered 36 tombs of kings and queens in the Chosun Dynasty. The entire layout of royal tombs, including annexed buildings, was informal in may cases. This was due to following the natural contour rather than adhering to certain philosophical principles. The royal tomb site is divided into three zones. Jeshil and pond constitute a space for living people, visitors. Secondly, the semi-scared space includes the space from Hongjunmun to the entrance to the Chungjaka. The last space is for the dead, from the back of Chungjakak to tomb mound. This is in line with the layout of palaces of the Chosun Dynasty which is characterized by "three gates and three zones": outer yard-court yard- back yard. The size of the space for holding memorial ceremonies, from Hongjunmun to the Chungjakak entrance, was set at 900m until the early Chosun Dynasty. Since that time the distance varied according to the land topography due to the influence of metaphysics. It can be summarized that the spatial organization of royal tombs in the Chosun Dynasty is based on the Confucianism value, the natural contour of the site, and inner spiritual value.ual value.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 최적화 귀납법칙 집합의 생성방법

이창환,신광현 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 산업기술논문집 Vol.11 No.2

귀납 법칙 생성 시스템은 데이터에서부터 법칙을 자동으로 발견하는 시스템으로서 현재 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 귀납법칙 시스템에 의하여 생성되는 귀납법칙 집합들의 최적화된 부분 집합을 탐색하기 위하여 유전자 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 성능을 향상시키는 방법에 대한 연구이다. 귀납 법칙 생성 시스템에 의하여 생성되는 규칙들 중에서 최적의 규칙 집합을 구하는 것은 귀납 법칙분야에서 고려해야 할 큰 문제중의 하나이다. 제안된 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 다수의 기계학습 데이터를 사용하여 기존의 다른 방법들과 비교하였으며, 제안된 시스템은 항상 좋은 정확도를 제공하였다. The rule induction system generates a set of inductive rules, and the task of selecting and optimal rule subset is one of the important problem in the area of rule induction. This paper proposes a new method for improving the performance of the rule induction system using the paradigm of genetic algorithm. This paper shows that genetic algorithm can be effectively applied to optimal rule selection problem. The proposed system was evaluated using a set of different machine learning data sets and, showed better performance in all cases than other traditional methods.

(1) 신경증, (2) 천식, (3) 요통 험방

이창환,Lee, Chang-Hwan 대한한약협회 1998 大韓漢藥 Vol.2 No.-

유근피 약침이 제2형 Collagen 관절염에서 MIF 활성 억제 및 T세포 분화 조절에 미치는 영향

이창환,조재용,이승덕,김경호,박인식,김갑성 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a general, chronic, inflammatory and auto-immune disease and it can lead to joint edema, pain, stiffness which are caused by an inflammation in synovium covering our joints. Ulmus davidiana Planchon is a traditional herb used for the treatment on various inflammations, gastrointestinal trouble, ENT(ear, nose, and throat) disease, edema, cancer etc. and it works effectively on arthritis as well. In these study to search for the treatment efficacy of Ulmus davidiana Planchon in RA, I measure manifestation of cytokine gene in synoviocyte treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture and in EL-4 cell, manifestation of cytokine gene cell related to T-cell. And after Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture treatment in Collagen induced arthritis(CIA) which has been known by a general model of RA, DBA mice, I observed foot thickness, general shape of synovium, early cytokine induce CIA and, generation and mutation of cytokine related to the control of T-cell specialization. It comes to conclusion as belows. 1. In synovium treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there was the decrease in MIF mRNA does-dependently. Incase of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in the damage in synovium and generation of the MIF which is related to induction of the early RA cytokine and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. 2. In case of EL-4 treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were decrease in the manifestation of the IL-2 mRNA, but the increase in the manifestation of the IL-4 does-dependently. 3. In the synovium of CIA mice treated with Ulmus davidiana Planchon herbal acupuncture, there were the decrease in generation of IL-2, IL-12 and CD-28, but the increase in generation of IL-4. These result suggest that Ulmus davidiana Planchon can block the process of the early RA by Inhibiting MIF activation, and mitigate Rheumatoid Arthritis by controlling Tcell specialization.