일본어 통역텍스트의 정중체 전환에 대한 소고 - 형용사형 서술 표현을 중심으로

이주리애 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2015 통번역학연구 Vol.19 No.3

Target utterances in interpretation are produced in a spoken language. One of the resources used to convey the formality of the honorific target language is the final ending of sentences ― seup-ni-da/p-ni-da in Korean and desu/masu in Japanese. The source language, on the other hand, can be written as well as spoken. When the source language is uttered orally, the honorific endings, eup-ni-da/p-ni-da and desu/masu, are used, since the interpretation usually takes place in official settings such as international conferences. In case of a source speech based on a written script or interpreter training situations where selected written texts are used, however, the source language can be non-honorific (the sentence ending -ida in Korean). Texts used in interpretation classroom, such as news articles, often employ non-honorific sentence endings, and these endings are often replaced with honorific ones in reading out loud, interpreting and sight-translating the source text. Simple switching into eup-ni-da/p-ni-da or desu/masu, however, often creates awkwardness. Japanese adjectives, in particular, can be made honorific, in grammatical terms, by affixing desu, and yet, this 'adjective+desu' form, which has been allowed for use only recently, is not fully received as natural. Although it seems to sound normal in informal oral conversations, it is rarely used in formal contexts with sizable audiences, such as speeches, lectures and news briefings. Nevertheless, interpreter trainees are often observed to rely on simple switching into the 'adjective+desu' form when carrying out in-class activities. This paper examines how adjectives are expressed as honorific in speeches, lectures, news articles and essays, and discusses their implications to interpreter training.

디지털 환경 변화에 따른 통역 교육― 자동음성인식 활용을 중심으로 ―

이주리애 한국일본학회 2022 日本學報 Vol.- No.133

With changes in the digital environment, the technology used for Computer Assisted Interpretation (CAI) and Computer Assisted Interpretation Training (CAIT) has diversified and studies related to the use of technology for interpreting is increasing since 2020. This paper focuses on the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for interpreting and interpreter training, which is an emerging field of study, by summarizing the current state and trend in terms of tools that can be used for interpreter training. The currently available all-purpose multilingual ASR applications (apps) were classified by function and they were then categorized according to whether they can be used for transcribing original texts or translated texts. Next, these were divided into apps with real-time ASR functions that can be used for interpretation training, and apps with recording and transcribing functions that can be used for post-interpretation correction and reflection. The real-time ASR apps were further categorized according to timeline display availability and the number of preset languages. The present work also introduces an automatic interpretation performance evaluation system prototype that is currently under development. It is a platform that extracts from ASR results every silence, filler and backtracking which occur during interpretation to provide processed statistics. It is expected that various ways for introducing ASR into interpretation education will be explored in the future, from beginner to advanced level, following sufficient practical adaption through training. 디지털 환경의 변화에 따라 컴퓨터 보조 통역(CAI)과 컴퓨터 보조 통역 교육(CAIT)에 활용되는 기술이 다양해진 가운데 한국과 일본도 2020년을 기점으로 기술의 활용과 관련된 통역 연구가 증가하고 있다. CAI 및 CAIT는 유럽을 중심으로 다양한 툴이 개발되고 있으며, 전문용어 관리 등 통역의 사전준비와 원격동시통역 시스템에서 음성인식으로 통역을 보조하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 최근 부상하고 있는 자동음성인식(ASR)을 활용한 통역과 통역 교육의 현황을 조사하여 통역 교육에 활용할 수 있는 툴을 정리했다. 먼저 현재 사용 가능한 다국어 음성인식 범용 애플리케이션을 기능별로 분류했다. 그리고 원문과 통역문에 각각 활용할 수 있는 앱으로 나누어 제시했다. 다음으로 통역 실무에서 활용하기 위한 실시간 음성인식 앱, 통역 훈련에 사용 가능한 녹음 후 전사하는 기능의 앱으로도 나누었다. 실시간 음성인식 앱은 타임라인 표시의 유무, 사전에 설정해 놓을 수 있는 언어의 수에 따라 나뉜다. 녹음 후에 전사되는 앱은 통역 과제물을 첨삭하거나 자가 학습에 활용할 수 있다는 점에서 유용하다. 마지막으로 현재 개발 중인 통역 퍼포먼스의 자동평가 시스템의 프로토타입을 소개했다. ASR 결과로부터 통역에서 발생할 수 있는 침묵, 필러, 백트래킹을 추출해 통계 처리해 주는 시스템이다. 향후 음성인식을 통역 교육에 도입하는 방안이 다각도로 모색되어 훈련 과정에서 충분히 적응함으로써 초급에서 고급 및 실무에 이르기까지 유용하게 활용되기를 바란다.

한일 AB통역 수업 및 평가에 관한 일 고찰 - 순차통역 입문과정 수업의 분석을 통하여

이주리애 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2011 통번역학연구 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study is to set and apply assessment standards for A to B interpretation with focus on the ability to interpret into language B and analyze the results. By posing questions on the difficulties that students experienced in A to B interpretation and on their educational background, it was found that most of the students learned language B after their childhood and felt lack of dominance in language B themselves. Also analyzed were the difference between things that professors pointed out as their weaknesses and those which students themselves considered to be their problems based on self-assessments of transcription of their recorded interpretation. On these grounds, the assessment criteria were identified, divided into 'Interpretation Assessment'(accuracy,fluency) and 'Language B Assessment'(expression, pronunciation)and given with weights as proposed by precedent studies on survey analysis of interpreter and language user expectations, as well as by student-defined score per category. The paper analyzed the correlation between the total score and the score of each category marked according to these standards through a Wilcoxon signed rank test, and studied principal component analysis results of the difference between students' midterm and final exam performance. It also discusses the issues and problems that were found in applying the assessment standards. This study aims to help students improve skills by helping them realize the categories for which they should practice further by presenting objective data through statistical analysis.

순차통역 보조 툴로서 자동음성인식 사용성의 사례연구

이주리애 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.4

A Case Study on the Usability of Automatic Speech Recognitionas an Auxiliary Tool for Consecutive InterpretingJuriae Lee Abstract: This research aims to explore the usability of ASR as CAI. Three-trial experiments were conducted in order to allow interpreters to familiarize themselves with using ASR. The participants expressed their impressions on the usability of ASR through a questionnaire. They had grown a sense of trust in ASR after trying it. The level of satisfaction and eye gaze processing varied according to text length and content. Interpreters were observed to contemplate on how to manage their gaze and utilize the transcribed texts as trials were repeated, and preferred to be provided with texts transcribed by ASR for psychological stability. The findings could be significant in assessing the usability of ASR in practical interpretation at its current level. Follow-up studies are expected to extend to assessing the usability of real-time ASR assistance at off-line consecutive interpreting environments. Key Words: Consecutive Interpreting, Automatic Speech Recognition, Usability, Interpreter, Computer-assisted Interpreting (CAI) 순차통역 보조 툴로서 자동음성인식 사용성의 사례연구이 주 리 애** 연구 목적: 이 연구는 최근 정확도가 크게 향상된 자동음성인식의 순차통역 보조 툴 활용을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법: 전문통역사를 대상으로 실험한 후 설문조사를 통해 자동음성인식의 사용성과 활용 가능성 및 보완점을 질문했다. 본 연구는 자동음성인식이 익숙해지는 과정을 고려해 3회에 걸친 실험으로 설계해 진행했다. 연구 내용: 실험참여자는 대부분 실험을 통해 음성인식에 대한 신뢰를 갖게 되었다고 했다. 음성인식 사용의 만족도 및 시선처리는 텍스트 길이와 내용에 따라 차이를 보였다. 회차를 거듭하면서 시선처리 및 활용 방안을 고민하는 모습이 보였고, 심리적 안정을 위해 음성인식 제공을 대부분이 희망했다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구의 결과는 실무 통역에서 현 수준의 음성인식 활용에 유의미할 것으로 사료되며, 향후 오프라인 순차통역 환경에서 실시간으로 제공되는 자동음성인식의 사용성 연구로 확장해 나가고자 한다. 핵심어: 순차통역, 자동음성인식, 사용성, 통역사, 통역 보조 도구 □ 접수일: 2022년 7월 11일, 수정일: 2022년 7월 26일, 게재확정일: 2022년 8월 20일* 이 논문은 2020년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 인문사회분야 신진연구자 지원사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2020S1A5A8047479). ** 이화여자대학교 통역번역대학원 부교수(Professor, Ewha Womans Univ., Email: wnfldo@hanmail.net)

음성인식을 활용한 문장구역 과제 및 분석-클로바노트의 이용과 유창성을 중심으로-

이주리애 한국일본어교육학회 2022 日本語敎育 Vol.- No.101

본 연구는 클로바노트를 활용한 문장구역 과제 수행의 사용성 및 STT와 음성 연동 기능을 통한 문장구역의 유창성 분석 사례를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 한 학기 동안 학생들은 문장구역 과제를 클로바노트로 녹음해서 제출하게 하여 그 사용성에 관한 설문조사를 하고, 클로바노트의 STT 기능으로 문장구역의 유창성을 분석한다. 학생들은 클로바노트 활용 문장구역과제의 수행을 만족하게 느꼈고, 녹음하면서 STT를 통해 발음 체크 내용 확인이 가능한 점을 장점으로 꼽았다.분석 항목은 시간, 휴지(pause), 반복발화(backtracking), 필러(filler)이다. 문장구역 시간은 일한문장구역보다 한일문장구역이 길었다. 문장구역 시간과 각 항목의 상관계수를 구한 결과, 문장구역 시간과 휴지가 가장 강한 상관관계를 보였다. 모국어 방향의 문장구역보다 외국어 방향의 문장구역에서 반복발화와 필러가 문장구역 시간과의 상관관계가 강했다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 음성인식을 활용한 문장구역 훈련이 실제로 발음 및 유창성 향상에 유효한지를 검증해 나가고자 한다.

디지털 환경 변화에 따른 통역과 교육 ― 음성인식 활용을 중심으로 ―

이주리애 한국일본학회 2022 한국일본학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.08

한일 헤드라인 번역의 포스트에디팅 가이드라인 고찰

이주리애 한국통역번역학회 2019 통역과 번역 Vol.21 No.2

We use Google Translate when reading foreign newspapers. Given that it is MT, we expect some degree of awkwardness. However, it still gives us easy and convenient access to the content and information. Today, many Korean media outlets provide articles in foreign languages, by selecting and instantly translating the many articles that are produced every day. The time pressure is extremely high in this kind of translation, and there can be occasional verbatim, hence unnatural, renderings. Yet, overall, the quality of work done by skilled translators tends to be high. If MT continues to advance, however, it seems that MT may be able to replace human translators in the near future, in terms of speed and accuracy. This paper looks into the outcome of MT on news headlines. In this age of overflowing information, headlines can be important indicators for selecting articles. With fewer words, they convey compact information, and it needs to be tested whether MT can serve the same function. While there is existing literature that covers the features of headlines in Korean and Japanese newspapers, and suggests translation strategies assuming human translation, the present study attempts to identify issues in headline translation done by machines. Further, it aims to discuss the potential of MT and implications for post-editing. Headline translation requires the understanding of the entire content of the article to avoid mistranslation, as well as the knowledge of the characteristics of headlines in both working languages. This paper examines headlines from different newspapers and how they are translated, in comparison to their MT versions.

일본어 관광안내문 문화소의 한자 변환 번역에 관한 고찰 -일본인 관광객 대상 설문조사를 바탕으로-

이주리애 한국일본언어문화학회 2013 일본언어문화 Vol.24 No.-

The study introduces an overview on the awareness of Japanese tourists regardingChinese characters used in tourist guidebooks translated from Korean into Japanese. Japanese tourists experience difficulty in pronouncing, and possibly, understandingthe exact meaning of the Chinese characters used for names of people, cultural assetsand other terms describing cultural aspects in tourist guidebooks translated intoJapanese. Unlike Chinese characters used in Korean language, Chinese charactersin Japanese language are often read and understood with different pronunciations. Japanese tourists answered that they would appreciate the use of Katakanatransliterations along with Chinese characters in said texts, in order to avoidconfusion and improve readability. If translations are limited by space within touristguidebooks, using Katakana instead of Chinese characters could be a bold alternativethat would enhance readability for all Japanese age groups. Such matter should alsobe considered when translating public institution websites, since a lot of foreignersgather information about Korea using the internet in this era. And as this could betheir first step towards knowing Korea, names and terms containing culturalelements should be transliterated carefully and accurately following a consistent,purpose oriented method for positive reader response.

번역 현지화(localization) 전략을 위한 한・일 웹사이트 인사말 분석

이주리애 한국일본언어문화학회 2016 일본언어문화 Vol.35 No.-

The importance of localization for website translations is increasing. Translation localization is defined as: not only producing a faithful translation, but also putting consideration into the way formats and vocabulary are used in the countries and regions that use the target language. It is important to research into the methods that users of the target language are familiar with when translating because web site localization has an influence on marketing. In particular, most companies include a space for their CEO’s message in their corporate introductions, and these messages written by their company presidents are often about their management policies and how they are involved with their customers. Therefore, this plays a role in forming the image of the company, and it could be said that this portion of their homepage is important for the public relations of the company. People have a tendency to believe that Japan and South Korea have similar styles in comparison to those in the West because they are in the same region in the East. This paper will analyze things like how photo layouts and vocabulary are used as well as the differences between the CEO’s message on Japanese and Korean web sites with the goal of aiding translation localization.

観光地名の翻訳および表記に関する考察 -日・韓の翻訳・表記ガイドラインと用例集を中心に-

이주리애 한국일본언어문화학회 2019 일본언어문화 Vol.47 No.-

. This study explores Japanese translation strategies on the names of tourist destinations in Korea. Unlike other languages, Japanese has different writing systems, with Chinese characters that can be pronounced in multiple ways. That being said, the translation and notation of the names of sightseeing spots varies from book to book, and website to website. Although Korean and Japanese both use Chinese characters, the simple switching of those characters often results in meaning being lost, and transliteration of pure Korean words of non-Chinese origin can hardly work. For this reason, semantic considerations should also be given. Translation of the names of tourist destinations should take into account a number of factors: the nature of the name itself, as a proper noun that signifies the features of a particular place, notations (Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji, Roman characters and numbers), phonetics, visuality and how well-known the destination is. As such, this study reviews translation strategies currently used, drawing upon information from the National Institute of Korean Language, the Korea Tourism Organization. In tandem, the tourism destination translation strategies of Japan, and websites on Korean tourism have also been consulted. Cases of discrepant translations are also discussed, along with suggestions on harmonization, to explore future directions for Japanese notation and translation of Korean tourism destinations.